Showing 15 results for Moradi
Akbar Eslami, Mohammad Reza Massoudinejad, Farshid Ghanbari, Mahsa Moradi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (21 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Electro-Fenton process has been widely applied for dye removal from
aqueous solution lately. Fenton's reagent is formed in the electrolysis medium
through the simultaneous electrochemical reduction of O2 and Fe3+ to H2O2 and
Fe2+ respectively on the cathode surface. In this paper, COD reduction
potential and decolorization of real textile wastewater were evaluated by
electrochemically generated Fenton reagent process. This wastewater mainly
contains non-biodegradable acidic dyes, which are highly resistant against
conventional oxidizing agents.
Materials and Methods:
Electro-Fenton process was carried out in an open and undivided cell in order
to evaluate the removal of color and COD from real textile wastewater using
graphite felt (cathode) and Pt plate (anode) at room temperature. The effects
of current density, flow rate of air, electrolysis time, initial pH, and
ferrous ion concentration were investigated for real textile wastewater.
Results: The results
showed that the optimal experimental conditions obtained in electrochemical
studies were as follows: current density=4.8 mA cm-2, pH=3, flow rate of
air=1.5L/min, Fe2+=3mM and reaction time=160 min. Under these conditions, COD
removal and decolorization achieved were 63% and 77.2% respectively.
Conclusion: According
to the results achieved, electro-Fenton process can be used as a pretreatment
for degradation of colored wastewater and refractory pollutants. Moreover, this
feasible technology improves biodegradability of the textile wastewater.
Leila Moradi Pasand, Bita Ayati,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In this study, the removal of dye blue reactive-171 by combination of advanced oxidation processes UV/H2O2 and SBAR has been investigated. Methods: The efficiency of chemical and biological system was first investigated separately. In chemical system, the kind, power, initial dye concentration and hydrogen parasitize and in biological system, hydraulic detention time, aeration rate, initial dye concentration and the percent removal of dye and COD were investigated. In order to investigate the hybrid system, after determination of the optimum conditions and the capabilities of each system, the removed chemical system effluent from residual hydroxide peroxide, was entered into the biological reactor. Results: In the chemicals process, 100 ppm dye using 150 Watt-UV-C lamp and 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide at pH= 9 was completely removed in 25 minutes. COD removal was 86.7 percent at the end of the experiment (135 min). Biological system with adsorption mechanism has shown 44 percent dye removal with initial COD of 50 mg/L that indicated the system inability in biodegradation and breaking down of the dye molecule. In comparison to separate chemical and biological processes, hybrid system has shown better dye removal efficiency. The results indicated that in addition to the complete dye removal achievement, 81% of COD in the first hybrid system and 52% of COD in the second hybrid system was removed, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, because of complexity of dye structure, biological system was not able to remove the dye as efficient as hybrid system of advanced oxidation processes UV/H2O2 with SBAR.
Hossein Banejad, Mahsa Kamali, Kimia Amirmoradi , Ehsan Olyaie,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rivers are the most important resources supplying drinking, agricultural, and industrial water demand. Their quality fluctuates frequently due to crossing from different regions and beds as well as their direct relationship with their peripheral environments. Thus, it is essential to be considered the surveying and predicating changes in the water qualitative parameters in a river. In this study, in order to estimate some of the qualitative parameters (Total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and sodium absorption rate) for Tehran Jajroud and Kermanshah Gharasu rivers, we used wavelet-artificial neural network (W-ANN) hybrid model during a statistical period of 24 years. Methods: We compared W-ANN model with ANN model in order to evaluate its capability in detecting signals and separating error signals for estimating water quality parameters of the abovementioned rivers. The evaluation of both models was performed by the statistical criteria including correlation coefficient, the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NS), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE). Results: The results showed that the optimized W-ANN with correlation coefficient of 0.9 has high capability to estimate SAR parameter in the stations studied. Moreover, we found that W-ANN had less error and higher accuracy in the case of EC and TDS parameters rather than ANN model. Conclusion: W-ANN proved high efficiency in forecasting of the water quality parameters of rivers, therefore, it can be used for decision making and assurance of monitoring results and optimizing the monitoring costs.
Zhila Moradi-Khatoonabadi, Yahya Maghsoudlou, Hamid Ezzatpanah, Morteza Khomeiri, Mehdi Aminafshar,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Milk and milk products are very suitable medium for growing microorganisms (e.g. Bacillus cereus). B. cereus is spore former bacilli, which easily survives during pasteurization and makes several problems in dairy industries. The aim of this study was to investigate aerobic spore and B. cereus of receiving raw milk from three UF plants. Materials and Methods: Samples were gathered from raw milk transport tankers arrived to plants during 30 days in winter. Also, the swab test was used for detection of B.cereus residual on milk contact surfaces. Results: High contamination level of aerobic spores (AeSC) and especially B.cereus were found in most samples compared with the criteria established by national and international standards. Although total viable count (TVC) in samples from industrial farms (IF) was lower than those from traditional farms (TFs) and milk collection centers (MCCs), considerable AeSC and B.cereus were transmitted to the UF plants from IFs. The highest and lowest TVC and B.cereus were found in samples from IFs and MCCs, respectively. In addition, our investigation in IFs revealed that teats contamination to soil and feces, as well as contaminated bedding might were the most important sources of B. cereus and AeSC of raw milk. Moreover, the results of swab tests confirmed that the “cleaning in place” system may not remove B.cereus effectively. Conclusion: It seems that for classifying raw milk quality, AeSC might be used as a more effective quality factor than TVC. Management commitment is effective to improve quality by balance between the amount and quality of receiving raw milk. This leads to the lower contamination in dairy plants and final products.
A Eslami, T Ebadi, M Moradi, F Ghanbari,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Perchloroethylene (PCE) is categorized as contaminant of concern because of its adverse health effects and persistence in drinking water resources. Permeable reactive barrier with zero valent iron (ZVI-PRB) is a passive zone in which chlorinated ethenes are degraded in situ through the chemical reduction mechanism. The objective of the present investigation was optimization and modelling of ZVI-PRB technology for the elimination of PCE from the aqueous environment using response surface methodology. Materials and methods: In order to simulate ZVI-PRB, a column filled with silica sand and ZVI was used. effects of three variables including pH, column height or barrier thickness and flow on reductive dechlorination efficiency were assessed. Design of experiment, modelling, and data analysis were carried out using response surface method. Results: The dechlorination efficiency was about 93% under optimum conditions (pH=5, 26 cm column height and 2 mL/min flow rate). The ascending trend of pH along the column revealed that the reductive condition was dominant within the column. The R2 value of 0.98 also indicated good fitness of the experimental results and model predictions. Conclusion: Based on the results, ZVI-PRB technology has high efficiency in dechlorination of PCE. Likewise, regarding to no need of energy consumption, abundance of iron, no production of harmful by-products and cost-effectiveness, ZVI-PRB is propounded as a stable, green, and environmental friendly technology in groundwater remediation.
S Dehestaniathar, Sh Amini, A Maleki, B Shahmoradi, N Reshadmanesh, P Teymouri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fluoride has both beneficial and detrimental effects on health. Therefore, it is important to determine its concentration in drinking water. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are health effects caused by long term exposure to high levels of fluoride in drinking water. The aim of this research was to investigate fluoride removal using modified diatomite-supported ferric oxide nanoparticles and to determine the adsorption kinetics and isotherm.
Materials and Methods: This fundamental and practical study was performed at laboratory scale. The effects of pH (3.5-9.5), contact time (20-100 min), adsorbent dosage (1-5 g/L), and initial concentrations of fluoride (5-25 mg/L) on the adsorption efficiency were evaluated. The properties of adsorbent were investigated using XRD, XRF, FTIR and FESEM. Finally, the suitability of pseudo first and second order kinetics, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for the data were investigated.
Results: This study showed that the removal efficiency of F- increased with increase in contact time, decrease in pH, increase in adsorbent dose, and increase in initial fluoride concentration. The highest removal efficiency was observed at pH=3.5, 60 minutes contact time, and 3 g/L of adsorbent dose in the initial concentration of 5 mg/L F-. Pseudo first order and Freundlich were the best fitted kinetic and isotherm models, respectively, for describing F- adsorption process.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that the modified diatomite-supported ferric oxide nanoparticles can be used as an effective and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions.
Q Moradi, R Mirzaei,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is consisting of solid particles with complex compositions which can be an appropriate indicator to determine urban environmental contamination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine spatial patterns and heavy metals contamination in the street dusts of Kashan.
Materials and Methods: A total of 48 urban street dust samples were collected and total concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Cd were determined in the dust samples. The geoaccumulation index was applied to assess heavy metals contamination. In addition, the spatial patterns of heavy metals concentrations in the street dust were determined using GIS.
Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Cu in the street dust samples were 237.21, 0.43, 37.12, 16589.77, 13.62, 45.18 and 45.58 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than their local background values. Based on geoaccumulation index, the heavy metals in the street dust were in the following decreasing order: Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd > Cr. According to the spatial analysis results, higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed in the city center and Kashan-Qom highway; whereas, lower concentrations were found in the residential regions.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it seems the high concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu and to a lesser extent Fe and Cd concentrations in the dust samples was derived from anthropogenic activities; whereas the concentration of Cr and Ni has been mostly affected by natural sources. The high concentrations of heavy metals in the street dusts of Kashan could be attributed to vehicle emissions and industrial activities.
F Khodamoradi, A Fotouhi, M Yunesian, Mh Emamian, H Amini, M Shamsipour,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of present study was to assess environmental inequality in long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in 22 districts of Tehran in 2012.
Materials and Methods: The present study is an ecological study and concentration index was used for assessment of inequality. In this study the amounts of pollutant concentrations (PM10, NO2, SO2) obtained were based on land use regression (LUR) for exposure assessment. Variables that their effects have been studied on the distribution of exposure to pollutants included: education level, employment status and car ownership, which were obtained from census demographic and Tehran Municipality's dataset.
Results: The concentration index for PM10 in the case of illiteracy, people with higher education and private car owners was 0.059 (0.004-0.113), -0.056 (-0.001- -0.110) and -0.079 (-0.031- -0.127), respectively. These relationships were statistically significant. Concentration index for PM10 was 0.016 for the workers population, which was not statistically significant. For NO2 and SO2, no inequality was found in illiterate people, people with higher education, employees and car owners.
Conclusion: This study showed that there was significant inequality in terms of exposure to PM10 between different regions of Tehran in the illiterate, people with higher education and car owners. Considering these subgroups of population can be helpful in policy-making process.
B Mohammad Moradi, S Sobhanardakani, M Cheraghi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals are the most frequent pollutants of urban soils. In general, human health and especially children are directly at risk if the soil is being accidentally ingested orally or nasally. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess potential ecological risk index (RI) of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in surface soils of urban parks in Tehran City in 2016.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 surface soil samples were collected from Mellat, Laleh, Velayat, Ekbatan and Pirouzi parks. The heavy metals contents in samples were determined using ICP-OES after acid digestion of soil samples. Also, RI of heavy metals was determined. All statistical analyses were performed according to the Shapiro-Wilk test, One-Way ANOVA, One Sample T-Test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
Results: The lowest and highest contents of the metals (mg/kg) with an average of 0.52 ± 0.25 and 153.81 ± 31.83 were related to Cd and Pb, respectively. Pb and Cu were higher than MPL. Also, the highest surface soil contamination was related to Velayat Park located at the south of Tehran. The value of RI was 99.16 and therefore the soil contamination was categorized in low ecological risk.
Conclusion: Although the value of RI categorized as low ecological risk, due to mean concentrations of Pb and Cu were higher than MPL, control of soil-contamination sources, periodic monitoring of surface soil in the urban parks where citizens spend most of their free time. Additionally, it should be avoided to construct urban parks close to the regions with high traffic intensity.
Mh Dehghani, Gr Jahed Khaniki, R Fallah, N Khodamoradi Vatan, L Tabande,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals are toxic and can enter the food and thus the health of people who consume these kinds of foods may be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in fruits and to estimate the exposure level of heavy metals by fruit consumption.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 60 samples (35 samples of apple fruit and 25 apricot fruit samples) were randomly collected from gardens around Zanjan and Mahneshan city in 2016. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software.
Results: The average concentration of the elements in the samples was as follows: Pb (0.121 mg/kg wet weight), Cd (0.052 mg/kg wet weight), Zn (10.63 mg/kg dry weight), and Cu (4.99 mg/kg dry weight). The average lead concentration in apple and apricot was, respectively, 0.17 and 0.057 mg/kg wet weight, cadmium 0.08 and 0.003 mg/kg wet weight, zinc 9.15 and 12.7 mg/kg dry weight, Copper 4.4 and 5.583 mg/kg dry weight. Furthermore, it was found that 28.3% of the samples were contaminated with Pb, 13.3% with Cd and 3.3% with Zn. Cu contamination was not detected above permitted concentration. The concentrations of heavy metals in Zanjan were more than Mahneshan and the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the apple samples were higher than the apricot samples but the concentration of Zn and Cu in the apricot samples were higher than the apple samples.
Conclusion: Heavy metals pollution was found in samples belonging to the gardens around the factories and mines of lead and zinc. However, there is no risk of non-cancerous diseases with the use of these fruits in accordance with the national standard declared per capita.
M Moradi Baseri, H Kamani, Sd Ashrafi, E Bazrafshan, F Kord Mostafapour,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is an important factor in urban pollution which consists of soil, particulate matters and heavy metals. At present, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate health risks of heavy metals in street dusts in Zahedan.
Materials and Methods: The samples of street dust were collected in Zahedan. After preparation, the samples, were injected to ICP-MS for determination the amount of Hg and Cu. According to the measured concentrations, Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate the health risk assessment.
Results: Results showed that Hazard quotient for both Hg and Cu was less than 1 for children and adult. HQ for Hg and Cu was in order of HQingestion >HQdermal >HQinhalation> HQvapour for adults and HQvapour > HQingestion > HQdermal > HQinhalation for children. HI was also less than 1.
Conclusion: The value of HQ showed that inhalation of mercury vapor and ingestion were the main routes of exposure to Hg for children and adults. The non-carcinogenic risk was within the safe value (HI <1) in this study.
Ghr Moradi, Mr Monazzam, P Habibi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Efforts to improve the effectiveness of noise barriers have been made, including shape, aesthetics, form and gender. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the angle upper edge in shaped noise barriers with a T-shaped upper edge.
Materials and Methods: A 2D boundary element method (BEM) was used to predict the insertion loss of the tested barriers. The results obtained from the angular obstructions of the upper edge with the upper T-face were compared.
Results: The design of the angular barriers of the upper edge in the shape of the barrier caused a significant increase in the insertion loss performance, especially in the low frequency range, as compared to the upper T-shaped face. The highest amount of insertion loss in the angular barriers of the upper edge in the shaped barriers was estimated to be 3.79 dB (A) above the upper edge of T, which usually depends on the relative dimensions and position relative to the source and location of the receiver. The results of this study showed that among the tested models to determine the efficiency, the best noise barrier for controlling the traffic noise was the angular barrier with a high angle of 19 degrees compared to the other higher angles and a simple T barrier at a frequency of 315, 400, 500, and 630 Hz was obtained.
Conclusion: The performance of the barriers in the case of applying the angle at the upper edge on the T-shaped barrier surface is improved in comparison with the use of a simple T-barrier in lower frequencies. In this regard, the best form for applying angular obstructions with a high angle was about 19 degrees from the horizon.. The cause of this effect was the presence of a failure and reflection of the angled edges in the direction of transmission of sound wave from source to receiver. All angular barrier are able to increase the barrier performance at a specific frequency range, especially at low frequencies.
Asghar Yavari, Mehdi Moradi Nazar, Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi, Amir Hossein Nafez, Meghdad Pirsaheb,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: It is important to determine the quality of the compost to use compost properly. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mixing ratio of bulking agent on stability and maturity indices in poultry waste compost.
Materials and Methods: Two piles of sawdust mixture with poultry wastes and volume ratios of 1:1 (W1) and 2:1 (W2) were prepared by Windrow method and a pile containing poultry manure was used as control (W0). In order to determine the stability and maturity indices in compost, the most important physicochemical and biological parameters were studied.
Results: The thermophilic phase lasted about 7 weeks for W1 and about 4 weeks for W2. The initial C/N ratios in the W0, W1 and W2 were 27.10, 31.40 and 56.24, respectively, which eventually reached less than 20. The reduction of organic matter in the three piles was 8.30%, 62.59% and 85.53%, respectively. The thermophilic phase caused a sharp decrease in the population of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in all piles. The highest dehydrogenase activity in W1 pile was 2.95 mgTPF/gDW.h and by decreasing temperature until the last day, its value decreased to 0.29 mgTPF/gDW.h.
Conclusion: The best ratio for mixing sawdust with poultry manure was 1:1 (v:v). Microbial and enzymatic activities are useful parameters for monitoring poultry composting process and determining the rate of compost stability, and the use of this compost in agriculture will improve soil quality.
Seyed Khabat Naynava, Bahareh Lorestani, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Behzad Shahmoradi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Fenitrothion is a phosphorus-based pesticide that enters water resources through various sources,including industrial wastewater and agricultural effluent. its non-biodegradability, which results from the formation of strong chemical complexes, advanced oxidation methods are required to remove it from environmental matrices. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with cerium dioxide in the removal fenitrothion from aqueous solution.
Materials and Methods: In this applied research, GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was synthesized and subsequently used as a photocatalyst for the removal of Fenitrothion from aqueous solutions. Characterization of GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), SEM-EDX elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) methods. The effects of various parameters, including pH (2-9), photocatalyst dosage (10-40 mg), and contact time (0-90 min), were assessed to determine their influence on fenitrothion removal efficiency.
Results: The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency increased up to 60 min contact time, 20 mg of photocatalyst. The optimal pH for fenitrothion removal was found to be 4. Additionally, kinetic analysis of the photocatalytic removal process indicated that it followed a pseudo first-order (PFO) model.
Conclusion: The GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 nanocomposite proved to be an effective and accessible photocatalyst for the removal of fenitrothion from industrial wastewater under UV light.
Gholamreza Shaghaghi, Amir Hossein Javid, Sara Allahyaribeik, Ali Mashinchian Moradi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The discharge of seawater concentrate from desalination plants into the sea causes irreparable effects on the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of this discharge, model methods for optimizing it, and design an effective outlet that minimizes environmental impacts and costs.
Materials and Methods: This study discusses impacts of seawater concentrate discharged into the sea, numerical modeling of diffusion, and outlet design based on discharge standards.A review of articles and sources from databases such as Google Scholar, Academia, Scopus, Civilica and Irandak was conducted using keywords such as “brine discharge”, “numerical modeling”, and “outlet design.” Out of 132 reviewed articles, 45 articles were consistent with the objectives of the study.
Results: The effects of seawater discharge can be observed in the discharge area and at greater distances. Numerical modeling is employed to predict pollutant concentrations at various distances and to determine the optimal discharge point while considering established standards. The design of the diffuser and the use of multiple nozzles at an angle of 60 degrees result in the greatest dilution at the discharge point.
Conclusion: The use of desalination systems necessitates addressing the effects of climate change. Appropriate modeling and design of the outlet are essential for complying with environmental standards and optimizing costs. Further research in this field is needed.
