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Investigation of pollution and enrichment indices of heavy metals transported by atmospheric dust particles in the metropolis of the cities of Khuzestan province
Moslem Rahimi, Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani, Khoshnaz Payandeh, Ahad Nazarpour, Ebrahim Panahpour,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Due to the spread of dusty air and the transfer of these particles to the cities of Khuzestan province, it is very important to study the status of these particles in terms of heavy metal pollution and their pollution status.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Mg and Fe in the air of 4 cities of Khuzestan province (Ahvaz, Dezful, Mahshahr and Abadan) in dusty and dust-free conditions over a period of 9 months (autumn, winter and spring) were measured in 2018-2019. Due to the spread of dusty air and the transfer of these particles to the cities of Khuzestan province, it is very important to study the status of these particles in terms of heavy metal pollution and their pollution status.
Results: 48 samples in contaminated conditions and 48 samples in non-contaminated conditions were collected at the specific points and exact times using a High Volume sampling pump with a flow rate of 110 L/min for 6 hours. Metal concentrations were measured using ICP. Except for Ni, Mn and Mg, the mean concentration of other studied metals were higher at dusty conditions as compared with their values in non-dusty conditions (p < 0.05). In dusty and non-dusty air conditions the order of heavy metals based on their concentrations were obtained as following: Zn> Mg> Mn> Ni> Cr> Pb> Fe> Cu and Mg> Mn> Ni> Pb> Fe> Cr, respectively. This result shows that the origin of zinc and copper metals and the increase in chromium concentration in polluted air are due to the entering of dust and pollution transfer from the outside area into cities. The cities of Ahvaz, Dezful, Mahshahr and Abadan were highly enriched in terms of heavy metals pollution either in dusty or non-dusty conditions.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that despite low concentration of heavy metals in airborne dust particles in clear and dusty air, high health risks of metals such as zinc in cities of Khuzestan province, especially Mahshahr are probable. Further investigation showed that particles are generally derived from intra-city or provincial activities, which call for more attention due to the drought conditions that attributes to more dust formation.

Risk assessment of health and ecological some of heavy metals in lettuce, cabbage, and soil of Dezful, Ramhormoz, and Hamidiyeh farms
Zahra Moavi, Khoshnaz Payandeh, Mehrnosh Tadayoni,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants in the environment that accumulate in food. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the health risks and contamination of some heavy metals in lettuce and cabbage in the cities of Hamidieh, Dezful and Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province.
Materials and Methods: The sampling was completely random, with three repetitions, and 15 samples of each of the lettuce and cabbage vegetables grown in each region were prepared. Heavy metals were measured using the Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption device. Heavy metal risk assessment was conducted using soil pollution indicators and health risk assessment method.
Results: The highest amount of metal in cabbage is related to zinc (5.84±0.15 mg/kg), while the lowest amounts of chromium metal in lettuce (0.11±0.005 mg/kg) was achieved. Based on the daily absorption of heavy metals in lettuce and cabbage products, the results showed that the highest hazard index (HQ) values, ​​related to lead metal in cabbage for children and adults, were 3.9376 and 3.4253, respectively, compared to other heavy metals. The highest value of the carcinogenicity index in children was 0.0133 for cabbage consumption. The carcinogenic index of chromium metal in lettuce and cabbage products had the lowest values (0.0003 and 0.0004). Regarding the metal enrichment factor, lead, chromium, copper and cobalt were higher in the agricultural soils of Ramhormoz compared to other regions, while nickel and zinc were higher in the soils of Hamidiyeh than in Dezful and Ramhormoz. The soil index of accumulation of chromium, zinc and copper in the soil of Dezful agricultural fields was higher, whereas lead and cobalt were higher in Hamidiyeh soils than in Dezful and Ramhormoz. Additionally, nickel was higher in Ramhormoz agricultural fields.
Conclusion: According to the soil pollution indicators, cobalt metal played an important role in the soil pollution in Dezful, Hamidiyeh and Ramhormoz, while the metals lead, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc showed minimal pollution levels in the soil of the studied areas. The health risk assessment of soil heavy metals showed that the risk index for lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc and cobalt was lower than 1. Additionally, the carcinogenicity index of heavy metals for both adults and children was less than 10-4. The health risk assessment of heavy metals and their risk index showed that the consumption of lettuce and cabbage in these areas can lead to various health problems in people.
 

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