Showing 11 results for Shams
M. Fahiminia, A. Paksa, A. Zarei, M. Shams, M. Fazlzadeh Davil, H. Bakhtiari, M. Norouzi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Domestic sewers and wastewater treatment plants are suitable places for the growth of some types of Cockroaches. Annually the water and wastewater company of Qom city make considerable attempts to overwhelm the problem. The current study is aimed to determine types of Cockroaches and select the optimal methods for their control.
Materials andMethods: In this study, 120 manholes are selected in different locations of Qom city, the numbers of Cockroaches are counted and the Cockroaches are classified into different groups. Then, each group are faced to different insecticides Including Simperator, Diazinon , Dursban Ec, Faikam, Sipermetrin, Icon, Deltametrina and Sulfac. One group of manholes was considered as blank sample during one month. Counting and determination of Cockroaches in these manholes conducted before using insecticides and also five months after it.
Results: the study showed that all sewers were 100% polluted by Cockroaches. The number of Cockroaches in manholes range from minimum 4 to maximum 3600 in each manhole. The applied of insecticides including Dursban Ec, Simperator, Sulfac, Dursban, and Deltametrina are used 2 gr in 100 square meter of area of each sewer. The Cockroaches population reduced to approximately zero after application of these insecticides. Spraying sewers by Simperator controlled 100% of Cockroaches.
Conclusion: the most effective method for the control of Cockroaches was usage of 2 gr of Dursban (Ec) in squaremeter of area in the beginning of warmseason.If we use 1-1/5months interval between the time of spraying insecticide in selected wells, with using simperator and dursban (Ec) we can overwhelm Cockroaches using Simperator and Dursban Ec. The results of statistical analysis show that reduction of number of coackroaches in one month after using poison is significant (P-value< 0.05). But after 5months it lose meaningful in all of them.Also, reduction of number of coackroachesin blank manholes was not statistically significant.
R Dehghanzadeh, H Aslani, B Afshar Forugh Shams, B Ghoraishi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Shortage of available water resource and deficiency of rainfall, increasing in population growth and industrial development, suitable use of water resources and pollution prevention is an essential issue in accord with sustainable development and environmental protection. Present study shows the qualitative status ofMehran River and determines its pollution or non pollution tomunicipal wastewater and to assess qualitative characteristics of the water according to international water quality index.
Materials and Methods:Padding strand of MEHRAN River from source to end has been done for wistful determination of branches, runoff and wastewater entrances, etc. Necessary decisions were made for determining sampling points and critical and effective points on water quality then water samples were analyzed to determine chemical and microbiological characteristics.
Results: Results showed the average of BOD5, COD, TSS, NO3, DO, pH, Turbidity and color are about 80±30, 155±58, 1013±637, 7.3±2, 4.5±3.5 mg/l, 7.2 ±1, 385±238 NTU, 122±70 TCU respectively.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the Mehran River is completely polluted with municipal sewage and is unsanitary.Water quality index varies in the range of 41-52 and the water is classified as number 4. At present the river is in a dangerous ore toxic state and could not be considered as drinking water resource or needs more advanced water treatment units.
Fatemeh Hashemi, Hatam Godini, Ghodratolah Shams Khorramabadi, Loqman Mansouri,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Phenol presence in water and wastewater is interesting because of its stability in environment and health problems. Therefore, it must be removed for water pollution prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions using walnut green hull. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study in which walnut green hull was used as biosorbent with a range of mesh 40. In this study, stock solution of phenol was prepared and effects of effective parameters such as pH (4,6,8, and10), contact time (3-60 min), adsorbent dosage (0.25-5 g/L), and initial phenol concentration (10,20,40, and 50 mg/L) on adsorption process were evaluated. Moreover results were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and first order and pseudo-second order kinetics. All experiments were conducted in double and the mean adsorption rate was reported. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.30 mg/g corresponded with Langmuir model. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the adsorption of phenol by the walnut green hull clearly followed the pseudo-second order reaction. It was found that increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage would lead to increasing of adsorption of phenol and increasing pH and initial phenol concentration lead to decreasing of phenol adsorption. Maximum phenol removal was achieved at pH 4, with more than 99.9 % efficiency. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the walnut green hull can be used effectively in phenol removal, because walnut green hull is agriculture waste and is produced annual in high volume hence, it can be used as adsorbent in phenol removal from wastewater.
M.s Mansoury, H Godini, Gh Shams Khorramabadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Natural organic matters (NOM) are known as precursors to disinfection byproducts. As conventional treatment processes cannot get disinfection by-product standards, novel methods have been increasingly applied for the removal of disinfection by-products precursors. The UV/ZnO process is one of the advanced oxidation processes using photocatalytic technology. The present study aims to investigate the effect of UV/ZnO photocatalytic technology on the NOM removal from aqueous solution. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in a lab-scale batch photocatalytic reactor. The volume of reactor was 1liter and covered with UV lamps. Peristaltic pump was used for complete mixing. Humic acid is a key component of natural organic matter and it was used in this study. Each of the samples taken from the UV/ZnO process and other processes were analyzed for their UV absorbance at 254 nm by spectrophotometric. Initial concentration of Humic acid, contact time, pH, and UV irradiation were investigated. Results: The highest efficiency of the UV/ZnO photocatalytic process for removal of Humic acid from aqueous solution was achieved at initial concentration = 2 mg/L, contact time = 120 min, UV irradiation = 3950 µw/cm2, and pH=3. In this process, the removal efficiency for 2 mg/L humic acid was 100 % at 2h retention time. Conclusion: The research showed that performance of system was increased by increasing contact time and UV irradiation and was decreased by increasing HA initial concentration and pH and UV radiation with ZnO agent could not remove NOM lonely. Photocatalytic system using zinc oxide immobilized on glass have high performance to remove humic acid from aqueous solution. The UV/ZnO process was efficient and environmental friendly for natural organic matter removal.
F Khodamoradi, A Fotouhi, M Yunesian, Mh Emamian, H Amini, M Shamsipour,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of present study was to assess environmental inequality in long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in 22 districts of Tehran in 2012.
Materials and Methods: The present study is an ecological study and concentration index was used for assessment of inequality. In this study the amounts of pollutant concentrations (PM10, NO2, SO2) obtained were based on land use regression (LUR) for exposure assessment. Variables that their effects have been studied on the distribution of exposure to pollutants included: education level, employment status and car ownership, which were obtained from census demographic and Tehran Municipality's dataset.
Results: The concentration index for PM10 in the case of illiteracy, people with higher education and private car owners was 0.059 (0.004-0.113), -0.056 (-0.001- -0.110) and -0.079 (-0.031- -0.127), respectively. These relationships were statistically significant. Concentration index for PM10 was 0.016 for the workers population, which was not statistically significant. For NO2 and SO2, no inequality was found in illiterate people, people with higher education, employees and car owners.
Conclusion: This study showed that there was significant inequality in terms of exposure to PM10 between different regions of Tehran in the illiterate, people with higher education and car owners. Considering these subgroups of population can be helpful in policy-making process.
A Partovinia, Z Shamsollahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bioremediation of contaminants by living microorganisms is a favorable method for elimination or degradation of pollutants to less harmful substances. In the recent decades, cell immobilization technique has been applied to improve biodegradation efficiency and also overcome to free cells disadvantages. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the application of cell immobilization technology with emphsize on polymeric matrices in the aromatic pollutants removal in laboratory scale (shake flask and bioreactor). Also, the performance of free and immobilized cells has been compared in various environmental conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this survey 401, 78, 49, 1450, 0 and 0 relevant articles were found on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, SID and Magiran databases, respectively by using keywords such as “Cell immobilization”, “Biodegradation” and “Aromatic. Out of 1978 articles, 1167 articles were excluded from the study. Finally, 811 articles were further reviewed.
Results: According to the previous studies, removal of contaminants by immobilized cells using appropriate matrices is higher than freely suspended cell systems. Also, among the cell immobilization systems, cell entrapment in the polymeric carriers is the most widely used method for the bioremediation of aromatic contaminants.
Conclusion: Regarding the superiority of immobilized cells in comparison with free cells specially in harsh environments, the reuse of immobilized cells and their application in bioreactors as well as their scale up potential, development and application of these methods can be considered by researchers for wastewater treatment in our country.
Sh Goodarzi, Gh Shams Khoramabadi, M Esmaty, Ma Karami, A Hossein Panahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry has high chemical oxygen demand as a result of the presence of organic drugs and antibiotics. In order to meet the environmental requirements, several treatment methods like chemical and electrochemical methods have been widely applied due to their high ability to remove organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chemical coagulation/Electro-Fenton treatment method to degrade the organic matter-containing pharmaceutical industry wastewater.
Materials and Methods: The experimental tests were carried out using batch mode. The chemical coagulation process was evaluated as a function of aluminum chloride concentration (25-300 mg/L) and pH (3-10). The effluent from chemical coagulation process was transferred to Electro-Fenton reactor. Effects of H2O2 concentration (100-4000 mg/L), reaction time (up to 120 min), voltage (10-30 V), and pH (3-10) were evaluated. The removal efficiency was determined in term of COD removal.
Results: The results showed that the highest removal of COD in the chemical coagulation was 49% (coagulant dose of 200 mg/L, and pH of 7). In addition, the Electro-Fenton process could be eliminating of 93.5% of COD at the optimum conditions concentration (100 mg/L H2O2, voltage of 20, pH of 3, and contact time of 30 min).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the combination of chemical and electrochemical processes was found to be effective methods for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in comparison to the application of each process separately. To reach to the maximum removal efficiency, the environmental parameters should be carefully controlled at their optimum values in each single process.
O Nasri, M Yunesian, M Alimohammadi, N Shalyari, S Masoomi, M Shamsipour,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Regular use of household cleaning products and cosmetics can result in adverse consequences for human health. Therefore, the knowledge of consumption pattern of these products can help to evaluate the effects and finally control the consequences of their inappropriate application. As there is not an appropriate tool for evaluating public use-pattern for these products in Iran, we studied the reliability and validity of a questionnaire designed for the use-patterns of these products.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, a questionnaire, which was previously applied in similar studies for this purpose, was first translated to Persian. Then, some changes were made in the questionnaire according to the studied population. In the next step, the assessment of both content validity and face validity of the instrument was performed. Finally, the questionnaire reliability was studied in two test-retest steps at a 14-day interval with 40 subjects older than 14 years old being resident in Tehran city.
Results: Total Content Validity Index (CVI) of this questionnaire ranged 0.66-1 for all question items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.814. The correlation assessment of each question item based on the total correlation score showed that all questionnaire items had a direct and strong correlation with the total instrument score.
Conclusion: Given the acceptable validity and reliability obtained for the questionnaire in Persian in this study, it can be used in those investigations that evaluate use patterns or asses the exposure risks to chemical pollutants from cosmetic products or detergents.
Mansour Shamsipour, Homa Kashani, Masud Yunesian, Kazem Naddafi, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Reza Saeedi, Mahdi Hadi, Alireza Mesdaghinia,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess Iran’s position and trends for environmental health status among the countries of “Iran’s perspective document in 1404” according to the indicators used in Environmental Performance Index (EPI) report in 2018.
Materials and Methods: The score of indicators in environmental health area; air quality (including household solid fuels, exposure to PM2.5, and PM2.5 exceedance), water and sanitation (including drinking water and sanitation) and heavy metals (including lead) were extracted for all studied countries as well as for the last and baseline (generally ten years prior to last report) years from EPI 2018 database. According to EPI scores, the performance of the studied countries in each indicator was ranked. The percent change in the score of each indicator from baseline to current year was calculated and compared with the mean percent change for all studied countries.
Results: Iran ranked 7th regarding air quality in 2016. Also, it ranked 6th, 8th, and 9th in terms of household solid fuels, exposure to PM2.5, and PM2.5 exceedance, respectively. The EPI score for Iran regarding water and sanitation was 54.4 in 2005 and 58.74 in 2016 (percent change=7.98%). Iran ranked 21st in 2005 regarding lead exposure index. Although this index showed a growth of 100% in 2016, which is very desirable compared to the average growth of all countries (34.47%), but only leads to one step up in the ranking of Iran and was ranked 20th in comparison with other countries.
Conclusion: Totally, according to EPI 2018, Iran ranked 6th in the field of environmental health issues among 23 countries of “Iran’s perspective document in 1404”. However, there is uncertainty in the accuracy of the EPI raw data used for calculating index scores. Hence, caution should be exercised in their interpretation.
Alireza Pakdel, Mohsen Shams, Soheila Rezaei, Ali Mousavizadeh, Narges Roustaei, Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increasing the level of health awareness of food preparation and distribution staff can have a direct impact on improving the level of public health in the community. Education can change people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education courses that provide integrated education as well as to other education systems, include educational inputs, processes, and outputs. The objective of this research is to evaluate these elements of the educational system of health education courses in Shiraz.
Materials and Methods: The current study evaluated the educational input, process, and output of 7 current health education institutions in Shiraz. Factors that influence the input of educational courses were evaluated using an inspection checklist of health education courses, the educational process was measured employing a satisfaction survey, and the educational output was assessed through a checklist of inspection of Article 13 of the Regulations. The health performance of 160 guild health certified units and 160 uncertified education units was analyzed as a criterion for effectiveness. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS21 software. Data related to the assessment of the input and educational process were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical tests were also used for cross-group comparisons of output evaluation data.
Results: The findings of the educational input evaluation showed a strong correlation and a significant relationship between the overall evaluation score of the educational courses and the "observation" (0.96) "educational course principal" (0.94). Also, in the process evaluation, the "educational environment" and "general educational programs" with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.84 had the most correlation with the overall process evaluation score. In all the health fields studied, there was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the average score obtained for educational courses with and without certificates. There was a significant difference (p <0.0001) between the mean score obtained by public health with and without health certification. The average score obtained by the certified public and non-public places was 91.81 and 70.71, respectively.
Conclusion: Health education can have a major impact on people's health performance. Some of the elements that make up the educational output have a greater impact on achieving the desired educational output. For example, the revision and updating of the educational content and the development of the educational program according to all groups of learners can improve the performance of the learning process and the satisfaction of learners.
Samira Sheikhi, Aran Moshiri, Hassan Aslani, Shamseddin Alizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the main ways of transmitting diseases is drinking water, so the safety of drinking water is an important issue for consumers, water suppliers, operators, and health officials. This study was conducted to identify and semi-quantitative evaluation and prioritization of risks in the drinking water supply system of Bostan Abad city.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate and document the key elements of WSP and identify the steps that need improvement, the quality assurance tool of the water safety plan (WSP-QA TOOL software) was used, and then based on the guide of the water safety plan from the WHO and the International Association Water safety, WSP team formed. Then the water supply system of Bostan Abad city from the farthest point of the basin to the last consumption point was inspected and described.
Results: The results showed that the highest number of risks are in the water supply sources, distribution network, and point of consumption, respectively. Also, the most vulnerable part of the system was identified as the disinfection unit and storage tanks due to biological and chemical contamination caused by equipment failure and improper preparation of chlorine solution.
Conclusion: In summary, it can be said that carrying out the necessary reforms can play an effective role in reducing the risk potential in times of crisis, which should be given serious attention by water industry officials.
