Showing 12 results for Yaghmaeian
K Naddafi, R Nabizadeh, M.s Hassanvand, A.r Mesdaghinia, K Yaghmaeian, F Momeniha,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (25 2009)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Due to having features such as toxicity, corrosiveness, ignitability, reactivity or other similar characteristics, hazardous wastes refer to the wastes that jeopardize man's health and environment. A study was required to identify the hazardous wastes in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), since it plays an important role in the development of the country's education. The objective of this research was to provide a review of hazardous wastes production and its management at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this study, four schools that were in the central campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were selected and the necessary data were gathered using a sampling, questionnaire, interviewing those in charge of the units, and referring to the available documents. The information includes the type and amount of waste, method of temporary storage, frequency of waste discharge, and method of final disposal of wastes.
Results: The obtained results indicate that approximately 2072 Kg of hazardous wastes are produced each year, excluding the uncontrolled wastewater. Moreover, schools of dental, pharmacy, medicine, and public health produced approximately 993, 606, 256, 217 Kg/year, respectively, of hazardous wastes in the central campus. Also, the results show that, of total amount of annual hazardous waste that was 2.72 tons, 954, 848, 475, 427, 245, 49 Kg were wastes that the features infectious, toxicity, ignitability, carcinogenesis, corrosiveness, and reactivity, respectively.
Conclusion: It is to be mentioned that hazardous solid wastes were manage with household solid waste and hazardous liquid waste were discharged into sink without any kind of control. Improper practice is evident from the point of waste production to final disposal.
M Malakootian, K Yaghmaeian, M Meserghani, A.h Mahvi, M Danesh Pajouh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (24 2011)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has always been a major cause contamination of environment and considered as a major concern for food health. Rice is the most popular food among Iranians and presence of heavy metals in trace level in rice has received special attention because they are directly related to health.The aim of this research was to investigate the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni in rice prevalent in the market of Iran.
Materials and Methods: 20 of the most widely consumed brands of Iranian rice were purchased from local market in Iran. 3 samples of each brand were collected and certain volumes of each sample were digested with acid. Heavy metal contents in the digested samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results :The results showed that mean concentration Pb , Cr , Ni in rice samples respectively was 0.387 , 0.683, 0.019 ( mg/kg )
Conclusion: Notably the Ni and Cr content in the rice samples was found to be below the food sanitary standards in India rice . In the other hand 50% samples content Pb was found to be upper the food sanitary (Pb: 0.3 mg/kg). The result indicated that weekly intake of heavy metal by rice was below the provisional tolerable weekly intake recommended by WHO/FAO. However, risk assessments needs considerable attention and better prevention this low pollution.
Kamiar Yaghmaeian , Ali Akbar Roudbari, Saeeid Nazemi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The aim of the study was to design and implement integrated solid wastes management pattern in Shahroud industrial area, to evaluate the results, and to determine possible performance problems.
Materials & Methods: This cross - sectional study was carried out for 4 years in Shahroud industrial area and the implementation process included: 1. qualitative and quantitative analysis of all solid wastes generated in the area, 2. determining the current state of solid waste management in the area and identifying programs conducted, 3. designing and implementation of integrated management pattern including design and implementation of training programs, laws, penalties and incentives, and illustrating and implementing programs for all factories, and 4. monitoring the implementation process and determining the results.
Results: Annually, 1,728 tons of solid waste is generated in the area including 1603 tons of industrial waste and 125 tons of municipal wastes. By implementing this pattern, two separated systems of collection and recycling of domestic and industrial waste were launched in this area. Moreover, consistent with the goals, the amount of solid waste generated and disposed in 2011 was 51.5 and 28.6 kg per 100 million Rials production respectively. In addition, 42 and 40% of the industrial waste and paper were recycled.
Conclusion: Results showed that implementation of this pattern, i.e. running source separation, training programs, capacity building, providing technical services, completing chain of industries and strengthening the cooperation between industrial estate management and industrial units could greatly reduce the waste management problems.
M Abtahi, K Naddafi, A.r Mesdaghinia, K Yaghmaeian, R Nabizadeh, N Jaafarzadeh, N Rastkari, R Saeedi, Sh Nazmara,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Dichloromethane (DCM) is one of the hazardous contaminants of the environment, especially ambient air that threatens human health at both acute and chronic exposures. In this study, the performance of a pilot-scale hybrid bubble column/biofilter (HBCB) bioreactor was studied for the removal of DCM from waste gas streams at steady state. Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted in four stages with relatively constant concentrations of DCM (approximately 240 ppm) and variable empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 50, 100, 150 and 200 s. In addition to determining DCM removal rate and efficiency, quality parameters of mixed liquor of the bubble column bioreactor were studied and kinetic of biofiltration was analyzed. Results: The average DCM removal efficiency of the HBCB bioreactor at EBRT of 200 and 150 s were 79 and 71% respectively. However, further reduction of EBRT resulted in significantly decreased DCM removal efficiency, so that at EBRT of 50 s, the DCM removal efficiency decreased to 32%. In addition, the EBRT reduction from 200 s to 50 s through increasing DCM loading rate resulted in increasing DCM removal rate from 12.1 to 19.6 g/m3.h. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the kinetic data of biofiltration were in the best fitness with the first order rate equation (R2>0.99 and &epsilon%<2.2) and the DCM removal rate constant was determined 0.0114 s-1. The mixed liquor characterization indicated that the daily adjustment of pH and EC was sufficient to prevent any limitation in the performance of the HBCB bioreactor. Conclusion: This study indicated that the DCM removal rate and efficiency of the HBCB bioreactor were relatively high and the HBCB bioreactor had reliable performance during the variable operational conditions.
K Naddafi, R Nabizadeh, S Nasseri, K Yaghmaeian, A Koolivand,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Remaining of crude oil in storage tanks usually results in accumulating oily sludge at the bottom of the tank, which should be treated and disposed of in a suitable manner. The efficiency of in-vessel composting process in removing total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from bottom sludge of crude oil storage tanks was investigated in the present study.
Material and methods: The sludge was mixed with immature compost at the ratios of 1:0 (as control), 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10 (as dry basis) with the initial C:N:P and moisture content of 100:5:1 and 55% respectively for a period of 10 weeks. The moisture adjustment and mixing process were done 3 times a day during the composting period. Sampling and analysis of TPH and pH were done every week and every two days, respectively.
Results: TPH removal in the 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10 composting reactors was 66.59, 73.19, 74.81, 80.20, and 79.91%, respectively. Thus, initial adjustment of sludge to immature compost ratios plays a great role in reduction of TPH. The results of the control reactors indicated that the main mechanism of TPH removal in the composting reactors was biological process.
Conclusions: In-vessel composting by addition of immature compost as amendment is a viable choice for bioremediation of the bottom sludge of crude oil storage tanks.
K Yaghmaeian, N Jaafarzadeh, R Nabizadeh, H Rasoulzadeh, B Akbarpour,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Arsenic is one of the most toxic pollutants in groundwater and surface water. Arsenic could have lots of adverse impacts on human health. Therefore, access to new technologies is required to achieve the arsenic standard.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at laboratory scale in non-continuous batches. The adsorbent of zero-valent iron nanoparticles -Chitosan was produced through reducing ferric iron by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of chitosan as a stabilizer. At first, the effect of various parameters such as contact time (5-120 min), pH (3-10), adsorbent dose (0.3-3.5 g/L) and initial concentration of arsenate (2-10 mg/L) were investigated on process efficiency. Then optimum conditions in terms of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of arsenate were determined by RSM method. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model equilibrium constant, pseudo-first and second order kinetic constants were calculated. The residual arsenate was measured y using ICP-AES.
Results: The optimum values based on RSM for pH, absorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration of arsenate were 7.16, 3.04 g/L, 91.48 min, and 9.71 mg/L respectively. Langmuir isotherm with R2= 0.9904 for Arsenate was the best graph for the experimental data. According to Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum amount of arsenate adsorption was 135.14mg/g. . The investigation of arsenate adsorption kinetics showed that arsenate adsorption follows the pseudo-second kinetics model.
Conclusion: This research showed that the adsorption process is depended on pH. With increasing pH, the ability of amine groups in chitosan are decreased to protonation, caused to decrease the efficiency of arsenate removal at high pH.
K Naddafi, M Yunesian, S Faridi, A Rafiee, S Parmy, Gh Safari, R Nabizadeh Nodehi , K Yaghmaeian, N Rastkari, R Ahmadkhaniha, S Niazi, M Hoseini,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants that are mostly generated during the incomplete combustion. The main objective of this study was to characterize potential sources of PAHs in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:, Samples of PM10 were collected at 10 monitoring stations belonging to Tehran Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) and transferred to laboratory for analysis. Besides, a SKC Flite 2 Air Sampling Pump (SKC, USA) equipped with a sampling head and PM10 size-selective inlet was used at four stations to compare the results obtained by collecting AQCC monitors (AQCCMs) tapes with the standard sampling procedures for assessing the interchangeability of two field sampling methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios were applied to identify emission sources and source contribution.
Results: The average diagnostic ratios of phenanthrene (Phe)/ (Phe+anthracene (Ant)), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA)/ (BaA+chrysene (Chry)), fluorantene(Flu)/ (Flu+pyrene (Py)), and indeno(1,2,3cd) pyrene (IcP)/(IcP+benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP)) in samples were 0.79, 0.52, 0.43 and 0.38, respectively. These ratios showed that the combustion, especially fossil fuels and motor vehicles, was the main sources of PAHs emission in Tehran. The results of PCA analysis also indicated that 49, 29 and 22% of PAHs sources in Tehran atmosphere were attributed to gasoline-driven vehicles, diesel vehicles and other sources, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, the combustion, especially fossil fuel and motor vehicle, was the main sources of PAHs emission in Tehran.
M Heydari, R Nabizadeh Nodehi, M Ali Mohammadi, K Yaghmaeian,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bottled water consumption is rapidly increasing in recent years for various reasons.The main aim of this study was to survey the geological origin of Iranian bottled water and determine compliance or lack of compliance with the experimental data obtained through sampling 71 brands of drinking bottled water and mineral water.
Materials and Methods: In this study the coordinates of access points as a georef of the chosen points were launched on the "Iran geological map" and "Iran mineral and warm water map." The compliance of laboratory data and water types with the geological data were evaluated and compared with the important ionic ratios of the extracted water through using awh software.
Results: In examining 71 brands of the bottled water, 28% of the brands did not agree with the laboratory results, reflected by observing higher levels of bicarbonate in 50% of the bottled waters than those of the geological data.. Additionally, 70% of water types were calcic bicarbonate. In the bottled waters from North Alborz range with coastal Time deposits around the Caspian Sea, there was a source of brine or sea water that was about 55% of this amount.
Conclusion: Water pass through different geological structures and the dissolution phenomenon might be an important factor for the observed disagreement. Because chemical treatment and use of additives on mineral waters are not allowed it prompts further studies to determine the cause and origin of this issue through sampling from the factory and water source.
V Past, K Yaghmaeian, R Nabizadeh Nodehi , Mh Dehghani, M Momeni, M Naderi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Environmental pollution due to dumping construction and demolition wastes has adverse effects on public health. This study aimed to select the best method for managing construction and demolition wastes disposal in Tehran by AHP.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study. The study population consisted of environmental health experts in the field of construction waste management. Initially, criteria and alternatives for construction waste management, recycling and reuse and landfilling were identified and classified. Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), different outcomes were compared based on scoring by Expert Choice 11 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that the discharge percentage in the permanent landfills was 68%, in temporary pits was 9% and in recovery centers was 23% in the last 6 years. The final priority of criteria with respect to the economical criterion was reuse (0.492), recycling (0.274) and landfilling (0.235), respectively. Also, according to the environmental criterion, the scores for reuse, recycling and landfilling were 0.492, 0.373 and 0.198 respectively. Based on social criterion the calculated scores were 0.5, 0.279 and 0.222 for landfilling, recycling and reuse, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the reuse option with the weight of 0.439 was the best disposal option; and the recycling option with the weight of 0.312 was the second priority. Landfilling showed the lowest score with the weight of 0.250.
N Golchinpour, N Rastkari, R Nabizadeh Nodehi, M Abtahi, A Azari, E Iravani, K Yaghmaeian,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Triclosan is one of the substances as anti-microbial that is used in many of these pharmaceutical products. This compound can affect human such as reduction of thyroid hormone levels, antibiotic resistant, and increasing skin cancer. This study evaluated the performance nanophotocatalysis process UV/Xe/TiO2-GO on triclosan removal from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: Synthesis of TiO2@GO and its structure was analyzed by SEM, EDX and FTIR. The effects of pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, and contact time on the removal of Triclosan were studied by DOE software according to response surface methodology. Analysis of variance test was considered for the influence of parameters. Optimum process condition was determined by desirability factor.
Results: Optimum conditions regarding concentration of pollutant, contact time, and catalyst dosage were determined as 0.205 g/L, 14.898 min, and 0.487 mg/L, respectively. Maximum removal efficiency in optimum condition was 97.542 percent. The catalyst dosage was the most effective parameter in removal of Triclosan.
Conclusion: Using of TiO2@GO and xenon lamp had acceptable efficiency for the removal of Triclosan. The use of Xenon lamps alone was economically affordable.
Sh Mardani, Kh Alimohammadzade, A Maher, Sm Hoseini, K Yaghmaeian,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Medical waste is among the environmental problems. Failure to manage these wastes leads to the prevalence of various diseases. This study aimed to rank the educational hospitals of SBUMS by assessing medical waste reduction.
Materials and Methods: First, a review of past national and international studies was performed and accordingly, 12 criteria and 30 sub-criteria for reduction of medical waste production were selected. After developing a questionnaire based on such criteria, data was collected from six SBUMS hospitals. Then, TOPSIS and VIKOR techniques in MATLAB were used as ranking methods of hospitals.
Results: The combined results of TOPSIS and VIKOR methods using weighted average indicated that Hospital (C), Hospitals (B) and (A) were respectively ranked first, second and third in terms of waste management. Moreover, the effective measures to reduce the amount of waste production and to improve the waste management system include human resource, management support, proper management of supplies, proper model of service delivery, quality of supplies and equipment, and waste sorting at source.
Conclusion: A combined method consisting of TOPSIS and VIKOR for evaluation of ranking of hospitals in terms of waste management can be a helpful tool in planning waste management, and can provide a basis for improving measures and promoting programs and activities.
S Abolli, M Alimohammadi, M Zamanzadeh, K Yaghmaeian, M Yunesian, M Hadi, Z Soliemani,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Surface water and underground water quality in countries that facing dehydration have increased the interest of the community to use Household Water Treatment devices. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the quality of drinking water of Household Water Treatment devices and general distribution network in Garmsar, which is under the control of the water safety plan.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study administered in 6 regions and 41 cities of Garmsar city in spring and summer seasons in 2018. Chemical tests performed according to the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, general measurements were performed using the multi-tube fermentation method and counting of heterotrophic bacteria by pour plate method. The results analyzed by using Excel and SPSS software.
Results: The average values during two seasons were reported as: EC= 1507 (μS/cm), TDS= 786.8 (mg/L), F= 0.048 (mg/L), residual free chlorine= 0.67 (mg/L), pH=7.9, total coliform= 0.16 (MPN/100 mL), fecal coliform= 0.14 (MPN/100 mL) and HPC= 112 (CFU/mL). No significant difference found between the chemical and microbial parameters in the general distribution network and the output of the Household Water Treatment devices during the two seasons.
Conclusion: Household water treatment devices did not affect the microbial burden but caused a change in the amounts of some chemical parameters. Drinking water from the distribution network, with the proper application of the water safety plan, is of good quality.
