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The receptor of heavy metals in total particulate matter with UNMIX determine the contribution model in 21st district of Tehran
Seyyed Reza Karimi, Nabiollah Mansouri, Lobat Taghavi, Mazaher Moeinaddini,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The city of Tehran is always exposed to adverse consequences due to the establishment of various sources of heavy metals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the types of heavy metals in airborne particles and the origin of heavy metals in the 21st district of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: According to the EPA standard, 5 stations from District 21 of Tehran were selected for sampling. Using the ASTM D4096 method and using a high volume sampling pump, 50 samples of total airborne particles were collected. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-OES. The UNMIX source model was used to identify heavy metal sources.
Results: The average concentration of heavy metals in 1400 is a decreasing trend including Li according to the concentration of heavy metals in the air in the SPECIATE database, the role of light vehicle sources was 47 percent 34 percent on the street and 18 percent at the airport.
Conclusion: The source of light vehicles exhibited the highest share of emissions and the element aluminum showed the highest concentration among heavy metals in Region 21. Therefore, the UNMIX source model can correctly identify index elements and priority sources for contaminant control.
 

Identification of the landfill site of Bushehr city by using the combined method of DEMATEL and Network Analysis Process (DANP)
Saeed Karimi, Bahareh Rahimipour,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Waste management is a crucial aspect of sustainable city development due to the increasing population, urbanization expansion, and changes in consumption patterns. The purpose of this study is to identify the waste landfill in Bushehr city by considering the relationships between various criteria using the DANP (DEMATEL-ANP) method.
Materials and Methods: 17 criteria were identified to identify the suitable landfill. The weighting of these criteria was done by DANP integrated multi-criteria decision-making technique. The internal relationships of the criteria and the causal relationships between the criteria were also determined. Then, these weights were multiplied in the spatial layer of each of the criteria in the environment of geographic information systems.
Results: The most crucial criterion for selecting a suitable location for urban landfill is land use, followed by the criteria of distance from residential areas, tourist places, and the road. The study identified and evaluated five locations in Bushehr city as potential landfills based on these criteria. The eastern and southeastern parts of Bushehr city emerged as the most suitable locations for landfill among the evaluated sites.
Conclusion: The DANP model proves highly effective in identifying landfills and offers a framework for addressing issues related to waste landfill selection. This research can serve as a valuable guide for planning and locating waste landfills, providing a basis for addressing both theoretical and practical challenges associated with landfill management.
 

The evaluation of the ability of carotenoids extracted from shrimp waste to prevent lipid oxidation in crude oils
Kiandokht Ghanati, Amirali Aghamohammadi, Nader Akbari, Gazal Mirzaei, Mahsa Karimi-Sarzameleh, Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Parisa Sadighara,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: A large amount of waste is generated from shrimp farming, primarily consisting of shrimp heads and shells. These wastes are often discharged into aquatic environments, where they act as pollutants and threaten the survival of other aquatic organisms. Therefore, reusing shrimp waste can help reduce water pollution and mitigate its environmental impact.
Material and Methods: In this study, carotenoids from shrimp waste were extracted using three methods: acidic, enzymatic, and alkaline. The amount of carotenoids was quantified for each extraction method. Their antioxidant effects on crude sunflower oil, in the presence of copper sulfate, were then evaluated using the TBARS assay. In this method, malondialdehyde levels are measured as an indicator of lipid oxidation. For this purpose, equal amounts of the extracted carotenoids were added to crude sunflower oil along with copper sulfate and placed on a shaker for 24 hours. Subsequently, the malondialdehyde content was measured.
Results: The highest carotenoid yield was obtained using the alkaline extraction method. In the TBARS assay, the alkaline method also demonstrated the greatest inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the presence of copper sulfate.
Conclusion:  It can be concluded that the alkaline method is a simple and cost-effective approach for extracting carotenoids from shrimp waste. These carotenoids are bioactive and valuable compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
 

Assessment of exposure of pregnant mothers in Arak city to heavy metals lead, cadmium, and mercury and its effect on birth weight and infant growth relative to gestational age
Behrooz Karimi, Maryam Shokarpour, Nazila Najdi, Katayoun Vakilian, Mohammad Javad Ghanadzadeh, Marjan Mahlouji,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, due to their bio-accumulative properties, pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health. This study investigated the association between exposure to these metals among pregnant women in Arak and adverse birth outcomes, including infant birth weight and growth status.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 pregnant women residing in Arak in 2024. Inclusion criteria were residence in Arak, age under 18 years, and absence of psychological or cognitive disorders; exclusion criteria included migration or leaving the city during the study period. Participants were evaluated at two intervals: the first and second halves of pregnancy. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and urinary concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were measured. The effects of metal exposure on birth weight and growth status, including small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA), were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, education, and body mass index.
Results: The mean birth weight was 3,232.5 g; 10.64%of infants were classified as SGA, and 3.40%as LGA. The mean urinary concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium were 0.48±0.84 μg/L, 2.64 ±1.40 μg/L, and 0.36±0.80 μg/L, respectively. Cadmium exposure during both phases of pregnancy was associated with reduced birth weight, while lead showed negative effects during late pregnancy. In early pregnancy, lead (OR =1.026) and cadmium (OR = 1.044) were associated with an increased risk of SGA, whereas mercury (OR = 1.042) was associated with LGA.
Conclusion: Cadmium and lead exposure reduce birth weight and increase risks of SGA and LGA, highlighting the need to minimize maternal exposure to heavy metals.
 

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