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Showing 4 results for Accumulation Index
Determination of Geo-Environmental Factors and Source of Heavy Metals in Street Dust, Masjed-e- Soleiman City, Khouzestan Province
Z Javidaneh, Ar Zarsevandi, F Rast Manesh ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Street dust reflects one of the most important indicators of pollution in the urban environment. Most studies carried out in the world on heavy metal pollution are related to cities and metropolitans, while less attention has been paid to towns. Masjed-e- Soleiman, the most oil-rich town is located in the north eastern part of Khuzestan Province in Iran. This town contains geogenic pollutants such as gas and oil sources, oil and gas activities, oil and gas combustion, industries, and heavy traffic, which make it important from the viewpoint of environmental impact assessment.

Materials and Methods: For monitoring and management of pollution, 11 samples of street dust were collected and prepared from different stations within the town during the dry season (June 2013). Each sample was analyzed using ICP-OES instrument.

Results: Possible sources of the heavy metals were identified by multivariate analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). In addition, factors such as the Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo), Pollution Index (PI), Integration Pollution Index (IPI), and Enrichment Factor (EF) were assessed to determine the degree of heavy metals pollution in street dust of the Masjed-e- Soleiman Town. The results of PCA and CA indicated that the region is mostly affected by oil pollution (both natural and combustion of fossil fuels), traffic, and industrial activities (PI revealed high levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution in samples and the average level of Ni, As, and V pollution in other samples). Igeo indicated the moderate to severe pollution of some samples to Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn while no to moderate pollution against Ni, As, and V in other samples. EF for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn showed a significant pollution in some samples and other samples represented the least pollution against Ni, As, and V.

Conclusion: Results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in dust samples were higher than control samples in Masjed-e- Soleiman. Thus, the classification of pollution in street dust in Masjed-e- Soleiman is as follows: IPI> EF> Igeo ≈ PI.


Assessment of the metals and metalloids level in street dust of the east and west of Tehran
S Mazloomi, A Esmaeili - Sari, N Bahramifar, M Moeinaddini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is considered as one of the important sources of particulate matters and heavy metals in the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to assess the heavy metals pollution in street dust of Tehran and evaluate their ecological risk.
Materials and Methods: The sampling of street dust was carried out in two areas at the east and west of Tehran. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The pollution level of heavy metals in the street dust was assessed using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk index (RI).
Results: The results of the calculations of the indices showed that the street dust in both studied areas was non-polluted with Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr and Ba. The origin of these elements was mainly natural sources. However, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Sn and Pb had medium to high level of contamination. These elements had a very high to extremely high enrichment in both areas. Their origin was mainly anthropogenic sources. The ecological risk index indicated a moderate ecological risk for the east and a low ecological risk for the west area.
Conclusion: The higher level of lead in the East is the main reason of higher ecological risk of this area. Therefore, the heavy metals pollution of the street dust, especially lead and its enterance into the environment, should be considered in this area.
 

Assessment of pollution level, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals on human health in surface soils of Arak industrial areas, Iran
Abbas Taati, Mohammad Hasan Salehi, Jahangard Mohammadi, Reza Mohajer,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metal contamination of surface soils has become a serious concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metal (loid) pollution on human health in the surface soils of Arak industrial areas, the capital of Markazi province in western Iran.
Materials and Methods: 235 surface soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-5 cm. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and arsenic were determined by digestion with nitric acid (4 N). The level of soil pollution in the region was measured using geo- accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF). The model proposed by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to assess the health risks of heavy metals.
Results: The Mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Ni, and Zn were 37.88, 1.17, 151.78, 13.48, 92.98 and 104.04 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated enrichment factor values ​​for soil samples varied from deficiency to significant enrichment. The mean geo-accumulation index (Igeo) for Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn and arsenic were 0.37, 1.59, -2.53, -0.48, -0.63 and 2.9, respectively. The results of the health risk assessment showed that hazard quotient (HQ) for children and adults through the ingestion route was higher than dermal contact and inhalation pathway. The Hazard index values for all studied metals were lower than the safe level of 1 except for As. Arsenic showed the highest risk of carcinogenicity (CR) for children (2.37 x 10-4) through ingestion.
Conclusion: The carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in children and adults is higher than the safe limit of 1 × 10-4, which indicates an unacceptable risk.

Geochemical and ecological assessment of some heavy metals in the soil around the lead and zinc mine in northwestern of Iran
Sadegh Hosseinniaee, Mohammad Jafary, Ali Tavili, Salman Zare,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Today, soil and water pollution with heavy metals is one of the major challenges around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination of soils around a lead and zinc mine.
Materials and Methods: In the summer of 2019, 100 soil samples were taken from the mine vicinity and the characteristics of texture, acidity, salinity, calcium carbonate, organic matter and heavy metals chromium, cobalt, zinc, lead and cadmium were measured. Pollution indices including pollution factor (PI), enrichment coefficient (EF), geoaccumulation (Igeo), toxicity probability (MERMQ), contamination load (PLI), background enrichment (PIN), pollution security (CSI) and Nemerow index (PINemerow) ) Were calculated. Correlation between soil variables and determination of metal origin were determined using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis.
Results: The average concentrations of chromium, cobalt, zinc, lead and cadmium were obtained as 92, 21.33, 453.98, 351.24 and 4.28 mg/kg, respectively. The metals pollution evaluated based on PI, EF and Igeo indices were moderate for chromium and cobalt, considerable for zinc and significant for lead and cadmium. The results of MERMQ, PLI, PIN, CSI and PINemerow indices showed high soil contamination with heavy metals. According to the PCA test, the elements lead, zinc and cadmium are in a group with high correlation with each other that are of anthropogenic origin. Chromium and cobalt with a correlation of 88% also showed the same geological origin.
Conclusion: mining activities should be done with more caution and measures should be taken to reduce pollution.

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