Showing 9 results for Bioremediation
Maasoumeh Ravanipour, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary, Mahdi Farzadkia, Samireh Hashemi-Najafabadi, Ali Esrafily,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (2-2013)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background and Objectives:The poor accessibility of microorganisms to PAHs in soil has limited success in the process of
bioremediation as an effective method for removing pollutants from soils.
Different physicochemical factors are effective on the rate of biodegradation.
The main objective of this study is to assess effects of nutrient and salinity
on phenanthrene removal from polluted soils.
Materials and Methods:The
soil having no organic and microbial pollution was first artificially polluted
with phenanthrene then nutrients and salinity solution in two concentrations
were added to it in order to have the proportion of 10% w:v (soil: water).
After that a microbial mixture enable to degrade phenanthrene was added to the
slurry and was aerated. Finally, the residual concentration of Phenanthrene in
the soil was extracted by ultrasonic and was analyzed using GC. We measured the
microbial populationusing MPN test. This study was conducted based on the two
level full factorial design of experiment.
Results: MPN test
showed that the trend of microbial growth has experienced a lag growth. The
full factorial design indicated that nutrient had the maximum effect on
bioremediation the rate of phenanthrene removal in the maximum nutrients -
minimum salinity solution was 75.14%.
Conclusion: This study
revealed that the more nutrient concentration increases, the more degradation
will be happened by microorganisms in the soils. However, salinity in the
concentration used had no effect on inhabitation or promoting on the
Phenanthrene removal.
E Aseman, Gh.r Mostafaii, H Sayyaf, H.a Asgharnia, H Akbari, L Iranshahi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the field of environmental risk assessment, the earthworms are considered as the major component of the soil, and are important bio- indicators to measure the environmental health and quality of the soil. Hence, the present study aimed to prove the biological effectiveness of Eisenia fetida earthworms in Bioremediation the soils contaminated with chromium and cadmium.
Methods and Materials: The study batch experiments were conducted on the soil samples contaminated with chromium and cadmium. The initial concentration of chromium and cadmium in soil was 0.04 and 0.08 mg/g. 30 worms were added to each 500 g soil samples. Chromium and cadmium concentration in soil and in the body of worms was measured at two time periods of 21 and 42 days. ICP spectrometry we used to measure the concentration of chromium and cadmium. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 software.
Results: There was a significant correlation between the reduction of chromium and cadmium metals in the soils and the accumulation of chromium and cadmium metals in the worm’s body. A significant decline of chromium levels of the soil was observed in the days 21 and 42 during the study compared to the initial amount of 0.1 mg/g. On the other hand, chromium concentration of the soil decreased from 0.14 to 0.1 mg/g after 42 days.
Conclusion: said the research indicated that increased mortality of worms in the soil at a concentration of 0.08 mg/g of chromium, using the worms for bioremediation is not recommended. Although, this method is effective to remove cadmium from the soils having cadmium with concentrations of 0.04 and 0.08 mg/g but it needs further investigation.
F Kafilzadeh, Z Khaledi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bioaugmentation is a superior technique in bioremediation of contaminated soils with petroleum hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated bacteria from activated sludge of Asalouyeh special zone municipal wastewater treatment for bioaugmentation of kerosene-contaminated soils and to study the growth of isolated bacteria in the presence of different concentrations of this product.
Materials and Methods: Sampling of activated sludge was carried out from two treatment plants in Asalouyeh zone. Isolation of degrading bacteria was performed by culturing the samples on basal mineral medium. Emulsification test and evaluating the kinetic growth of bacteria were carried out in different concentrations of kerosene. Isolated bacteria were inoculated to polluted soils with kerosene oil compound for bioaugmentation and measuring their bioremediation potentials and the rate of biodegradation were measured by InfraRed (IR) spectroscopy.
Results: In this study, three bacterias: Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis were isolated and identified as kerosene degrading bacterias from activated sludge. P. putida was recognized as the most powerful degrading bacterium of this oil product according to the emulsification tests, measuring the growth of bacteria in various concentrations of kerosene, the results of bioaugmentation of contaminated column of soil with kerosene, and reducing the level of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs). This bacterium with emulsification rate of 3.8 could reduce 71.03% of TPHs within 30 days.
Conclusion: According to the adaption of Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis in activated sludge with variety of pollutants in sewage, they can be used as non-indigenous bacteria for bioaugmentation and cleaning up the soil contaminated petroleum hydrocarbons.
A Partovinia, Z Shamsollahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bioremediation of contaminants by living microorganisms is a favorable method for elimination or degradation of pollutants to less harmful substances. In the recent decades, cell immobilization technique has been applied to improve biodegradation efficiency and also overcome to free cells disadvantages. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the application of cell immobilization technology with emphsize on polymeric matrices in the aromatic pollutants removal in laboratory scale (shake flask and bioreactor). Also, the performance of free and immobilized cells has been compared in various environmental conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this survey 401, 78, 49, 1450, 0 and 0 relevant articles were found on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, SID and Magiran databases, respectively by using keywords such as “Cell immobilization”, “Biodegradation” and “Aromatic. Out of 1978 articles, 1167 articles were excluded from the study. Finally, 811 articles were further reviewed.
Results: According to the previous studies, removal of contaminants by immobilized cells using appropriate matrices is higher than freely suspended cell systems. Also, among the cell immobilization systems, cell entrapment in the polymeric carriers is the most widely used method for the bioremediation of aromatic contaminants.
Conclusion: Regarding the superiority of immobilized cells in comparison with free cells specially in harsh environments, the reuse of immobilized cells and their application in bioreactors as well as their scale up potential, development and application of these methods can be considered by researchers for wastewater treatment in our country.
Arash Babaei, Maryam Bahrami, Masoomeh Maleki, Hadis Tavafi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bioremediation and one of its main branches, namely phytoremediation, is one of the most important and basic processes for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Due to the large number of silica factories in Azandarian area of Malayer city and high soil silica pollution in this area, this study was conducted to compare the bioremediation effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Portulace olerace.L phytoremediation on silica uptake.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, portulaca oleracea was cultivated in greenhouse conditions and different concentrations of silica and under the treatment of fungi in a completely random statistical design. For this purpose, portulaca oleracea cultivation was carried out under greenhouse conditions, fungal treatment and in different concentrations of silica in a completely randomized manner.
Results: The results showed that the fungus grew easily at high speed at 95% concentration of silica and was able to absorb 84.50% of the silica in the soil and the plant was able to absorb 80% of silica, the highest absorption rate of 69.71% and the highest rate of silica uptake in plant and fungus coexistence is 80% silica and 69.90%. The results showed that the fungus grew easily in the presence of silica with 95% concentration and could absorb 84.50% of silica in the soil. In the presence of 80% silica, the plant demonstrated the highest adsorption rate of 61.71%. The highest rate of silica uptake (69.90%) was reached at the 80% initial concentration of silica under the coexistence activities of plant and fungi.
Conclusion: In conclusion, silica exhibited a positive and significant effect on the physiological traits of Portulaca oleracea and also increased the amount of phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The coexistence of fungi and plants also increased the mentioned physiological traits in Portulaca oleracea. Also, the coexistence of plants and fungi showed a positive effect on silica adsorption, which can be effective in reducing silica contamination in the region.
Mohamad Amin Daneshfar, Mehdi Ardjmand, Seyed Aboutaleb Mousavi Parsa,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Improper treatment of PAHs in oily drilling cuttings cause adverse effects on the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of two bioremediation and fixation methods for PAHs removal from oily drilling cuttings. The efficiency of the two mentioned methods were analyzed and subsequentelythe more effective one was selected using environmental protection approach.
Materials and Methods: The sampling of oily drilling cuttings at the beginning and end of the treating process was performed for the studied methods, according to standard protocols. The amounts of PAHs, are determined by Soxhlet apparatus and gas chromatography-mass spectrometery.
Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency of PAHs from oily drilling cuttings was 97% (440.3 mg/kg) for bioremediation and 78% (354.7 mg/kg) for the fixation method, respectively. The findings showed that the bioremediation method provides the standard requirements for the discharge of PAHs to the environment.
Conclusion: Bioremediation is more effective than the fixation method for removing PAHs compounds and exhibits higher environmental protection performance.
Nayereh Sadat Hosseini, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Bahareh Lorestani, Hajar Merrikhpour,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Monitoring of traffic emissions is a good way to build a safe ecosystem for living organisms. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba located along the suburban roads of Hamadan for Zn, Pb and Ni removal by their aerial and underground organs in 2020.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, after selecting 3 sampling stations, a total of 126 plant samples and 63 soil samples were collected. In the laboratory, the samples were prepared, and were then digested with acid. Subsequentely, the concentration of each heavy metal was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Moreover, bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), transfer factor (TF) and metal accumulation index (MAI) were also calculated. Statistical analyses of the results were performed using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The mean values of BCF and BAF in both A. wilhelmsii and C. draba for all tested elements were greater than 1. On the other hand, A. wilhelmsii showed TF greater than 1 for zinc while C. draba showed TF greater than 1 for zinc and lead. The highest mean values of MAI in unwashed and washed shoots and roots of A. wilhelmsii were 98.48, 64.87 and 72.38, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the calculated average values of BCF, BAF and TF of each elements, it can be argued that A. wilhelmsii and C. draba species have the potential of phytoextraction and Phytostabilization of the measured heavy metals and can be used for biomonitoring and bioremediation from soil and air in the heavy metals polluted areas.
Navid Ahmadi, Mozhgan Ahmadi Nodushan, Mohammad Hadi Abolhasani, Seyed Abbas Hosseini,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The presence of PAHs in the environment can cause a problem as their presence has a deleterious effect on humans and animals. They also have the ability to cause tumors in humans and animals. Generally, to remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi, and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, microalgae have features such as a high proliferation rate, and cultivability in various water ecosystems.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total of 12 samples of synthetic oil wastewater were prepared at 2.5 g/L, 7.5 g/L, and 12.5 g/L that were called C1, C2 and C3.The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was used for the determination of PAHs compounds in the samples. Furthermore, water samples were further analyzed for the amounts of biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). Chlorophyll A, biomass, amounts of nitrate, and nitrite were also measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9/8 software.
Results: Results indicated that the removal rates from crude oil by C.reinhardtii microalgae were 100% on the 14th day for the three compounds of phenanthrene, fluorine, and anthracene at all concentrations, and 97.8%, 93%, and 92.7% for naphthalene compound at concentrations of 2.5 g in 1L, 7.5 g in 1L, and 12.5 g in 1 L, respectively (p<0.05). In terms of nutrients (NO-2 and NO-3), the highest amount of nitrate removal was observed at a concentration of 2.5 g/L from crude oil (C1) (p<0.05). The highest biomass was observed in the C3 treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, the greatest decline in BOD was observed in treatment C3 at 47.4%, while the greatest COD and TOC decline were observed in C1 treatment with the value of 84% and 94%, respectively (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The results showed that the cultivation of C.reinhardtii in crude oil in terms of nutrient removal potential, hydrocarbon composition, improving water quality and production of suitable biomass can be an acceptable option for exploitation in the biological treatment process.
Alireza Zand Abbas Abadi, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Bahareh Lorestani, Maryam Kiani Sadr,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Monitoring of pollutants in urban ecosystems is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the capability of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus elderica for biomonitoring of Pb, Cr and Ni in urban areas of Hamedan in 2023.
Materials and Methods: A total of 36 soils and 72 plant samples were collected from 12 sites. The contents of elements were determined using ICP-OES. Also, the values of PI, PLI, BAF, and CR indices were computed.
Results: The highest values of Pb, Cr, and Ni (mg/kg) in soil samples with 72.2, 67.5 and 101 values belonged to the commercial, industrial, and commercial sites, respectively. The highest average content of analyzed elements in unwashed and washed leaves/needles for Pb both belonged to the commercial areas; for Cr and Ni, all belonged to the industrial areas. The average values of PI followed the descending order of Cr > Ni > Pb. The average values of PLI varied from 1.22 to 1.34. Moreover, BAF values of Pb, Cr, and Ni of R. pseudoacacia leaves and P. elderica needles were found to be in the range of 0.100-1.00. Also, the highest mean values of CR of Pb and Cr were both found in P. elderica; and the highest mean value of CR of Ni was found in R. pseudoacacia.
Conclusion: R. pseudoacacia and P. elderica could be used as suitable and efficient species for monitoring and remediation of toxic elements from soil and air in polluted ecosystems.
