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Showing 6 results for Caspian Sea
Examination of Mercury Concentration in the Hair of Breast-Feeding Mothers and Relation to Fish Diet, Number of Dental Amalgam Filling, Age and Place of Live
N Okati, A Esmaili Sari, M Ghasempouri,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (10-2010)
Abstract

Backgrounds and Objectives: Mercury is a heavy metal that is widespread in the environment and has many toxic effects. At present, MeHg exposure on women remain an important issues for researching, especially those of continuous uptake in high-fish consumption.MeHg can be transferred to infant through breast milk. The objective of this study was to characterize the risk of Hg exposure in mothers in south of the Caspian Sea.
Materials and Methods: In this study mercury in hair of 70 breast-feeding women (17-36 years old) and influencing factor on it, were assessed. Mothers lives in nur, nowshahr and chamestan cities and villages of Nur and Nowshahr. In order to researching on influencing factors, mothers fill questionnaires. Hair samples (about 1 gr) were obtained from mothers. The mercury was measured by LECOAMA254AdvancedMercuryAnalyzer (USA) according toASTM, standard NO.D-6722.
Results: Total mean mercury concentration in mothers hair obtained 0.19±0.09 ( &mug gr-1). Tukey test show that the influence of the variables place of live (p=0.02), fish and sea food consumption of mother (P=0.00) were significantly affected on hair mercury concentration of mothers. The other factors (age and number of dental amalgam filling ) had no significant effect on mercury levels in hair of mothers.
Conclusion: Total mean mercury concentration in mothers hair were lesser than normal dose recommended byWHO (2&mug g-1) and EPA reference (5 &mug g-1). Analysis of questionnaires showed that three kinds of fish including carp, golden mulle and kutum. Although were often used in this study, mercury concentration in fish was not determined, but in according to significate relation between fish consumption and mercury concentration in mother#s hair, pollution with mercury in the fish can be the main factor of mercury exposure in this study.


Qualitative Analysis Of The Coastal Strip South Of The  Caspian Sea Waters And Determine  Environmental Health Indicators In Coastal Projects Of Guilan 
Ramin Nabizadeh, Masoud Binesh Brahmand, Kazem Naddefi, Ali Reza Mesdaghiniya,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background and Objectives: Guilan province, with unique environmental values ​​of the Caspian Sea is located in the southwest of Caspian Sea. Disposal of untreated domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural surface water cause pollution of the Caspian Sea region and endanger the health of swimmers. This study performed to determine the microbial contamination of coastal water in Guilan. 
Materials and Methods: In this work, 21 sampling point in the Caspian Sea littoral provinces of Guilan were selected and microbial contaminations were assessed using   microbial indicators of fecal and total coliform. Parameters such as pH, temperature, and turbidity also monitored during the year. In this study, 122 samples were taken and then analyzed by statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the average values of total coliform and fecal coliform were 234.8 and  60 MPN per 100 ml, respectively. The fecal pollution appeared to be high in some stations. Also significant relationship between temperature, turbidity and microbial contamination was observed (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The results revealed high total coliform in the two stations. The average fecal coliform of six stations were higher than the local standards.

 

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Distribution and Source identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Sediments of the Southwest Caspian Sea Coasts: Gillan Province
M. Nemati Varnosfaderany, A. Riyahi Bbakhtiari, Z. Gu, G. Chu,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (5-2014)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Few investigations on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments have reported medium to high petrogenic contamination at the southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate distribution and potential sources of 16 PAH compounds in surface sediments of the southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea (Gillan province). Materials and methods: A total of 45 sediment samples from 15 stations at coasts of the Gillan province (from Astara to Lahijan) were collected from 10, 20, and 50 meters depths. Each sample was analyzed using Gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry. Diagnostic ratios were used for source identification. Results: The main PAH compounds in the study area were phenanthrene (87.6±74.6 ng/g), pyrene (43.1±23.5 ng/g), and naphthalene (34.4±40.4 ng/g) respectively. According to the calculated diagnostic ratios such as LMW/HMW (0.25-7.75), Ant/178 (0.02-0.11), Flu/202 (0.20-0.49), and B(a)Ant/228 (0.09-0.54) the main source of PAHs is petrogenic in this study area. Conclusion: According to PAH diagnostic ratios and similarity of dominant PAH compounds in study area with dominant PAH compounds of Azerbaijan oil field, main probable source of PAH compounds in Gillan province coasts is Azerbaijan oil pollution.


A study on Zinc, Nickel, and Vanadium in fish muscle of Alosa caspia and Sander lucioperca and food risk assessment of its consumption in the southeast of the Caspian Sea
S Sadeghi Bajgiran, A.r Pourkhabbaz, M Hasanpour, M.h Sinka Karimi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: In recent years, anthropogenic and natural activities have caused high levels of metal contamination into the aquatic ecosystem. These pollutants can accumulate in the food chain. The present study examined the amount of metals such as nickel, zinc, and vanadium in the muscle tissue of Sander and Alosa because of their importance in the southeast of the Caspian Sea.            

Method and materials:  After bioassay, the samples of Sander and Alosa were prepared through acid digestion method and the amount of metals was measured using atomic absorption device (Scientific Equipment GBS).

Results:  Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between the amount of zinc in two species of the Sander and Alosa (p>0.05) while the amount of nickel and vanadium in Alosa was significantly higher than Sander (P> 0.05). Statistical analysis of differences in the accumulation of metals in Sander was: Zn>Ni ~ V and of Alosa was Zn>Ni ~ V. There was a correlation between nickel and vanadium of Sander and between zinc and vanadium of Alosa (p>0.05). The amount of nickel metal in both species and vanadium in Alosa were higher than the WHO guideline. The maximum and minimum THQ for Alosa were vanadium (0.059) and zinc (0.017) respectively. Whereas, for Sander, these values were zinc (0.016) and vanadium (0.004) respectively.  In general, the TQM measured in this study was <1, indicating no food risk in present consumption rate (21 g/day) of these fish.

Conclusion:  Food risk assessment of case study species indicates that the consumption of Sander and Alosa with the current consumption rate causes no danger to consumers from the viewpoint of zinc, nickle, and vanadium.


Mercury concentration in water and fish samples along south coast of The Caspian Sea
M Abadi, Aa Zamani, A Parizanganeh, Y Khosravi, H Badiee,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mercury (Hg) contamination in marine ecosystems is a major threat to human health in the developing countries like Iran. The main route of mercury exposure is from consumption of fish and seafood. Upon entering mercury in human bodies, Hg is converted into methyl mercury, which may lead to serious implications including neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, kidney failure, emotional instability, gingivitis and tremors. Therefore, research on mercury concentrations in marine ecosystems (water and fishes) can be help to protect human health and reduce the risks of mercury contamination.
Materials and Methods: In this study in order to evaluate the concentrations of Hg in water and fish, water samples (36 stations), fish tissue livers (n=33) and muscles (n=33) of four fish species from the Caspian Sea (southern coasts) were collected and analyzed. For determination of Hg in water and fish samples, Voltammetry and GF-AAS techniques were used, respectively.
Results: The results showed that the average Hg concentration detected in water samples was 1.657 (μg/L) and in fish muscle and liver tissues were 68.636 and 125.606 (μg/g.dw), respectively. The bioaccumulation factor showed that mercury concentrations from water to fish are in the range of 14 to 80 times. The highest levels of mercury in water and fish were observed in the southwest coasts of the Caspian Sea.
Conclusion: According to USEPA and SPPA (China) standards, more than 58 % of the water samples collected from the southern coasts of the Sea was polluted by mercury. However, the average concentrations of mercury in fish samples were less than the standards by WHO and EPA. 
 

Potential ecological risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and vanadium in the surface sediments of southern of Caspian Sea (case study: Khazar Abad, Sari Township)
Arezoo Khalijian, Bahareh Lorestani, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Lima Tayebi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Soils and sediments contamination with trace and toxic elements lead to potential ecological risk and adverse effects on human health and so have been the cause of increasing concern worldwide. Therefore, this study was carried out to potential ecological risk assessment of As, Cd, Ni and V in surface sediments of Khazar Abad, southern parts of Caspian Sea in 2019.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 36 surface sediment samples were collected from 12 sampling sites. After samples preparation, the elemental contents were determined using ICP-OES. Also, potential ecological risk factor (Eir) and cumulative potential ecological risk index (RI) were calculated. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results obtained, the mean contents of As, Cd, Ni and V in analyzed samples were found to be 12.7, 0.191, 35.0, and 31.9 mg/kg, respectively. The computed values of Eir  showed that factor values were decreased in the order Cd > As > Ni > V. Additionally, the mean values of RI with 53.7 indicated that all the examined elements have the "low potential ecological risk".
Conclusion: Accordingly, although the examined elements have shown a low potential ecological risk, cadmium with 46.4% and arsenic with 45.4% mean values of RI can cause for concern. Therefore, source identification and management of organic and inorganic pollutants and also periodic monitoring of water and sediments as the sink of environmental pollution are recommended.

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