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Self-organizing map neural network application in detecting the extent of intentional pollution in the urban water distribution network
Naser Mehrdadi, Davood Vafaei Mehr, Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi, Hassan Hoveidi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Water distribution networks are prone to terrorist attacks by injecting toxic substances, due to their vastness and availability. The main objective of this paper was detecting the extent of intentional pollution in the urban water distribution network by self-organizing map (SOM).
Materials and Methods: The existing hydraulic condition of the water distribution network covered by reservoir No. 4 in Tehran was modeled as a pilot. Possible injection scenarios of contamination in different parts of the water distribution network were performed using qualitative analysis of the water distribution network, using the EPANET analyzer engine and coding in R software environment. Artificial neural network of SOM was used to find the contamination range for the injection of arsenic at different times and places in the distribution network.
Results: The concentration of contamination at a certain point decreased over time and a high correlation was observed between time and concentration. The extent of contamination depended on the consumption of subscribers and consequently, the time of contaminat injection. The results of the artificial neural network model showed that the method developed in this research was 91% accurate and was able to determine the extent of contamination in the water distribution network at high speed.
Conclusion: SOM can be used as a complement to the water quality monitoring and pollution detection system in the urban water distribution network to determine the extent of pollution when detecting potential pollution in the shortest possible time, and as an alternative to quantitative-qualitative modeling of the water network.
 

Investigation of Pb and Cd concentrations in drinking water samples of Gorgan water supply network: preparation of zoning maps by geographic information system
Yousef Dadban Shahamat, Hamed Mohammadi, Nasrin Sangbari, Gholamreza Roshandel, Mina Ghahrchi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: With the expansion of urbanization and the development of industry, environmental pollution, including sources of drinking water to heavy metals, has become a global problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to measure the concentration of lead and cadmium in the water of Gorgan distribution network.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the concentrations of heavy metals lead and cadmium were measured in 25 different stations of the Gorgan drinking water distribution network from April to September 2018 by atomic absorption device. Statistical analysis was used from SPSS ver 22 software. Also, zoning maps based on the concentration of these two metals were prepared by Geographic Information System (GIS) software.
Results: The results of measuring the lead and cadmium concentration showed that all measured values are less than national and international standards. In general, the average concentrations of lead and cadmium were 4.38 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.01) between the concentrations obtained from lead metal in different months. Additionally, the distribution map of this lead and cadmium exhibited that in the central areas and some border areas, the concentration of these two metals is higher.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be seen that the concentration of heavy metals lead and cadmium in the water of Gorgan distribution network is within the permitted standards.
 

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