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Showing 5 results for Effluent
Decolorization of Remazol Briliant Blue Royal by Ganoderma Sp. Immobilized in Sodium Alginate
Kazem Naddafi, Mehran Mohammadian Fazli, Ali Reza Mesdaghinia, Simin Nasseri, Mahnaz Mazaheri Assadi, Masoud Yunesian,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background and Objectives: Environmental pollution and health risks of dyestuffs extensively are caused by many industries. Nonbiodegradability of dyes is important so that different methods are studied for removing them. The use of white rot fungi is promising technique in this regard. Therefore, objective of this work is to investigate Rimazol Brilliant Blue Royal decolorization by immobilized Ganoderma sp. in sodium alginate from aqueous solution.
Material and Methods: This is an experimental study. First, the nutritional, environmental, and operational conditions of decolorization process were optimized. Then, efficiency of immobilized fungal cells was investigated. Experimental designs were provided using fractional factorial methods and quadratic model was fitted on decolorization data by MiniTab software.
Results: Our findings showed that type and concentration of carbon source, temperature, and pH were the most important factors affecting decolorization and statistically significant. Optimal conditions to 95.3 percent color removal were: glycerol as carbon source at 19.14 g/L temperature, 27 oC and initial pH, 6.26. Moreover, decolorization efficiency increased from 75 percent up to 95 percent by improving process and fungal immobilization.
Conclusion: Ganoderma fungus has suitable potential to decolorization. Besides, optimization and cell immobilization can improve its capability. Application of experimental design to research methodology is important because of decreasing in experiments and saving resources. It is suggested to use these potentials in environmental pollution control.


Use of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in the treatment of dairy wastewater
M Khalaji, Sa Hiseini, R Ghorbani, N Agh, H Rezayi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract 
Background and Objective: Nutrient-rich effluents (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) may lead to algae blooms and many harmful effects in aquatic environments. Micro-algae have been more effective among the various methods used for the removing of nutrients from wastewater. Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris has specific characteristics such as rapid growth, resistant to systems manipulation, simple and inexpensive production technology, as well as the rapid uptake of nutrients such as phosphate and nitrate.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, two concentrations of chlorella vulgaris microalgae (13 and 26 million cells/mL) were injected into dairy effluent, diluted using distilled water by 25, 50 and 75%, and the amount of nutrient removal and microalgae growth were examined during the growth period.
Results: Results indicated that different concentrations of algae at various percentages of dilution (25, 50, 75%) had a significant effect on the removal of nutrients and algal growth (p<0.05). The absorption of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate and ammonia) were 57.01, 51.84 and 43.15 percent respectively that containing lower density of initial algae compared to the treatments of 2nd group (29.15, 51.84 and 43.15 percent) with higher algae concentration. In both algal concentrations, the highest percentage of phosphate and ammonia adsorption were in dilution of 25% effluent and the highest percentage of nitrate adsorption were in the first group with 50% dilution and in the second group with 75% dilution.
Conclusion: The more percentage of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, ammonia) was eliminated compared to the second group (26 million cells / mL) when the microalgae concentration (group I) was 13 million cells / mL. Absorption of nutrients was decreased by increasing the concentration of microalgae. Regarding to the percentage of nitrate adsorption, the higher absorbance in the dilution was occurred at the highest concentration of algae.





				

				

				



				

				

				Feasibility of using agricultural effluents entering Khorramshahr (Naseri) wetland in haloculture projects from the viewpoint of contamination with pesticides
				

				

					 Fateme Rezaee,  Meisam Rastegari Mehr,  Ata Shakeri, 
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2023)
				





    Abstract




				

					
Background and Objective: Water resources deficiency has caused the use of effluents to be considered as a source for re-use in the form of haloculture projects. An attempt has been made to investigate the possibility of using effluent produced by sugarcane production companies in the implementation of haloculture projects, from the viewpoint of the most used pesticides.

Materials and Methods: Ten water, four sediment, two plant, and two fish samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the concentration of pesticides. In order to assess the ecological risk, toxic unit (TU) and risk quotient (RQ) were calculated.

Results: Glyphosate and Ametryn in all liquid, solid, and biological samples had concentrations below the detection limit. 2.4.D, Metribuzin, and Atrazine had detectable concentrations in the samples. However, their concentrations are lower than the standard values. Metribuzin and Atrazine had high concentrations in the stems and leaves of reeds in the region, which may indicate the role of these plants in the remediation of water and sediment from these compounds.

Conclusion: Using effluent from Amirkabir and Mirzakouchak Khan agro-industrial complexes to implement the haloculture project does not pose a particular problem from the viewpoint of contamination with the studied pesticides. This is confirmed due to the small concentrations of the studied compounds in the liver and below the detection limit in the muscles. However, it is necessary to carry out more studies to evaluate the quality of effluent in terms of the other types of pollution.

 


				

				

				



				

				

				Evaluation of the quality of unconventional water (wastewater treatment plant effluent) of Pakdasht city for Cucurbits irrigating in 2022
				

				

					 Abbas Khazaee,  Mehrnoosh  Abtahi,  Mahsa Jahangiri-Rad,  Fatemeh Shokri-Daryan,  Mohammad  Rafiee, 
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
				





    Abstract




				

					
Background and Objective: Identifying the quality of non-conventional waters and exploring their optimal utilization are fundamental measures for maintaining public health. This study aims to investigate the effluent quality of the irrigation canals in Pakdasht farms.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 120 samples were collected from 6 irrigation canals in Pakdasht fields over a period of 5 months. The physicochemical and microbial characteristics of the canal effluents were determined based on the standard methods of water and wastewater tests. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using an ICP device. To determine the possibility of using the effluent of Pakdasht canals for agricultural purposes, the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran and FAO standards were used.

Results: The average concentrations of COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, NO3-, SO4-2, PO4-3 parameters were 259, 125, 105, 697, 4.5, 94.4, 13.5 mg/L. Additionally, the average number of total and fecal coliforms in the effluent of the canals exceeded the standard values set by IRNDOE and FAO. The mean pH was 6.97, the electrical conductivity (EC) was 1014 μm/cm, and the turbidity was 76.2 NTU. The detected concentrations of heavy metals were awithin the following ranges: Cr (0.025-0.045 mg/L), Cd (0.0006-0.001 mg/L), Pb (0.0006-0.001 mg/L), Co (0.038-0.059 mg/L), and Ni (0.05-0.06 mg/L), which were roughly lower than the suggested standards. However, both HEI and WWQI indices confirmed that the water was unsuitable for agricultural irrigation.

Conclusion: Based on the comparison of the results of the parameters measured in this study with the environmental and FAO standards, the effluent from the irrigation canals of Pakdasht city is deemed unsuitable for the irrigation of warm-season crops but suitable for fodder and industrial crops.

 


				

				

				



				

				

				The treatment of papermaking effluent with the hybrid process of coagulation-ozonation-membrane filtration in order to recycle and reuse
				

				

					 Mahdi Elyasi Kojabad,  Ali  Aghdami, 
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2025)
				





    Abstract




				

					
Background and Objective: The paper industry is one of the most water-intensive sectors, generating a large volume of wastewater. Proper management of this waste—including its treatment, recycling, and reuse—can help prevent environmental pollution and conserve the country's water resources. In this study, a three-step process consisting of coagulation, ozonation, and membrane filtration was employed to treat papermaking wastewater.

Materials and Methods: A three-step process involving coagulation, ozonation, and membrane filtration was employed to treat the wastewater. In the first stage, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was used to remove larger particles. This was followed by ozonation to degrade complex organic compounds. The final stage involved membrane filtration to further purify the water. At each stage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater was measured and analyzed for comparative evaluation.

Results: Each stage played a critical role in the treatment process. Coagulation effectively removed a substantial amount of suspended particles, while ozonation addressed issues related to color and the breakdown of complex compounds. The final stage, membrane filtration, was instrumental in eliminating extremely fine suspended particles. Despite these efforts, the treated effluent exhibited a higher COD than the initial sample, possibly due to the release of intermediate compounds during treatment. However, the process successfully reduced the concentration of crude oil by 66%.

Conclusion: The membrane flux analysis revealed that at pH levels of 11 and 14, the effluent’s membrane flux closely approached that of pure water. This finding highlights the potential effectiveness of the proposed purification method for the treatment and recycling of papermaking wastewater.

 


				

				

				







			

			

				

				  
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