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Showing 6 results for Escherichia Coli
Evaluation of the Bacterial Contamination of the Iranian Currency Notes
S Shekarforoush, E Khajeh Ali, M Zarei,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2009)
Abstract

Background and Objectives:

In many countries, there is a popular belief that the simultaneous

handling of food and money contributes to the incidence of food-related public health incidents.

The objective of this study was to determine the total bacterial count and the presence of food borne

bacterial pathogens on Iranian currency notes, collected from food-related shops.

Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Iranian currency notes, comprising notes in four  denomination (2000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 R) were collected from various food-related shops including, butchery, bakery, confectionary, fast food, ice cream and poultry meat shop. The currency notes were categorized into three groups according to their physical conditions. All currency notes were examined for total bacterial count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella and Listeria according to the standard techniques.
Results: The average number of total bacterial count in four denomination of currency notes (2000,  5000, 10000 and 20000 R) were 118.49, 106.32, 69.44 and 220.81 CFU/cm2, respectively. The association between total bacterial count and denomination of the currency was not statistically significant. Of the 120 currency notes on which bacteriological analysis was conducted 13.3 %, 32.5% and 10.8 % were contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively. Salmonella and Listeria were not isolated from samples. Currency notes collected from butchery, bakery, confectionary, fast food, ice cream and poultry meat shop were contaminated with E. coli at the rate of 60, 0, 5, 5, 0 and 10 % with S. aureus at the rate of 55, 30, 10, 25, 40 and 35 % with B. cereus at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 5, 20 and 10 %, respectively. There was not a statistically significant association between physical condition and bacterial contamination of the currency notes. The effect of presence or absence of cashier in food-related shops on bacterial contamination of the currency notes was also evaluated.
Conclusion: Money has got the potential to change through many different hands and could be  exposed to many different environments at a relatively high frequency. Since there is very little information regarding the hygienic history of any forms of currency, great care should be taken when the same person facilitates the handling of money and the preparation and handling of food to avoid cross contamination.


Microbial Quality of Hand-Made Fresh Fruit Juice in Bandar Abbas Shopping Centers, Iran
V Alipour, L Rezaei, Kh Moalemi, M Eghbali,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (5-2011)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Fresh fruit juice is one of the best drinks which have minerals and vitamins and is a good source for water compensation, but if microbial quality of the fruit juice does not meet the standard level, it can be play as a source for food disease infections.
Material and method:In his cross-sectional study, all of 58 fruit juice shops in Bandar Abbas were selected as study population, correspondence rate was 84 percent. The samples were tested for total Coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeasts and molds.
Results:Testing the samples showed among 146 samples, 142 of them were contaminated by microorganisms. All of Carrot and mango juices were contaminated. The mean contamination rate of juices to Coliform bacteria, Mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli and yeasts were 86.2, 53.2, 57 and 56.6 percents respectively.
Conclusion:97.3 percents of samples did not have a good microbial quality for human consumption. If consumption of fresh fruit juices will cause the consumer at risk of food borne diseases, all the natural benefits of them in terms of richness in minerals and vitamins will waste.

 


Bioassay for Toxicity Assessment of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Oxideto Escherichia Coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC25923 Bacteria
K Naddafi, M.r Zare, M Younesian, M Alimohammadi, N Rastkari, N Mousavi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as two of most widely used nanoparticles. The result of this study can help to designing environmental standard and legislations for nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of nano ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were added to nutrient Agar culture media. Then, definite numbers of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were added to culture media and inhibition of these bacteria growth was measured in comparison to controls. Obtained data were analyzed to determine nanoparticles' EC50 and NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) using SPSS ver.16 and Probit standard test.
Results: 24-hours EC50 of nano ZnO using E. coli and S. aureus determined to be 5.47 mg/L and 2.38 mg/L respectively. In addition, 24-hours EC50 of nano TiO2 using E. coli and S. aureus determined to be 5366 mg/L and 3471 mg/L respectively. In the case of ZnO nanoparticles, no observed effect concentration determined to be 1.15 and 3.28 mg/L for E. coli and S. aureus respectively and in the case of TiO2 nanoparticles no observed effect level determined to be 1937 and 1184 mg/L for E. coli and S. aureus respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that acute toxicity of nano ZnO is by far more than that of nano TiO2. Regarding the EPA acute toxicity criteria, nano ZnO is categorized as moderately toxic and nano TiO2 is categorized as practically non toxic. Hence, regarding the acute toxicity, in recommending exposure criteria and environmental disposal standards, compared to nano TiO2, nano ZnO requires more attention.

 

 


Survey on the contamination rate and determination of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains isolated from traditional cheeses distributed in Mahabad, Iran
S Hamzeh Pour, S Vaziri, E Molaee Aghaee,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Traditional cheese has desirable organoleptic characteristics for Iranian consumers. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are some of the most important microbial agents in food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections, which can contaminate this product and endanger the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to survey the contamination rate and determination of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains isolated from traditional cheeses distributed in Mahabad, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 samples of traditional cheese from the production and distribution centers in Mahabad city were randomly selected in 2016 to determine the bacterial contamination in accordance to national standard guidelines for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Salmonella spp. Anti-biograms test was conducted using a standard disc diffusion method through the measurement of the inhibitory zone diameter on the Muller Hinton agar.
Results: Among the 100 samples, 54, 45 and 0 samples were positive for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, respectively. All E.coli (100%) were found to be resistant to Amoxicillin, while Staphylococcus aureus isolates (100%) were resistant to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Amoxicillin. However, 66.6% isolates of E.coli were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and 97.7% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Trimethoprim – Sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusion: The microbial quality of traditional cheeses distributed in Mahabad city was not evaluated as appropriate and the values did not meet the national standards. Thus, further monitoring and control are needed.
 

Assessment of microbial contamination on the food contact surface and food-handlers' hands in Fardis city of Alborz province
Somayeh Mokhtari, Mahdi Farzadkia, Leila Janani, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the microbial contamination of food-handlers' hands and food contact surfaces in food preparation and distribution centers.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 2019 in Fardis city of Alborz province. In this study, 100 samples of food contact surfaces and 48 samples of staff hands were collected from three traditional bakery units, pastry centers and snack shops and the microbial load was determined using a luminometer device. The samples were then analyzed for the presence of coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Results: Among the samples studied, 62 samples (62%) of contact surfaces and 27 samples (56.25%) of food-handlers' hands had microbial load more than 30 RLU.  According to the results, the main cause of microbial contamination of equipments were 44.40% of Coliform bacteria and 11.10% of Staphylococcus aureus on the equipment of confectionery centers,  10% of Escherichia coli, 20% of coliforms and 20% of Staphylococcus aureus were detected on food tools and 2.30% of Escherichia coli, 14% of coliforms and 14% of Staphylococcus aureus –on the tools of traditional bakeries.Moreover coliform bacteria was noticed onconfectionary-handlers' hands and all three types of bacteria were also found on the hands of bakers.
Conclusion: The results showed that the cleanliness of food contact surfaces and the personnel hands hygiene was in poor condition which may pose serious threat to public health. Therefore, adequate personal hygiene practices, food safety and inspections should be implemented to protect the health of society.

Assessment of the risk of gastrointestinal infection from swimming at the Caspian Sea shores: a case study of Faridonkanar city beaches
Hadi Niknejad, Nima Kalvani, Mehdi Seyedirad, Alireza Ala, Reza Saeedi, Mehrnoosh Abtahi, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: There have been concerns about microbial contamination along the coastal cities in the north of the country, particularly in cities of Mazandaran province, which could pose health risks for swimmers and tourists. The present study aimed to quantitatively assess the risk of gastrointestinal diseases resulting from exposure to E. coli and enterococci bacteria during recreational activities on the beaches of Fereydunkanar.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 66 grab samples collected during the summer were analyzed to investigate microbial contamination in the recreational beach waters of Fereydunkanar.The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to calculate both daily and annual infection risks.
Results: The findings demonstrated that transmission of enterococci was more likely than that of E. coli in the swimming areas of these beaches. The average annual infection risk for E. coli was 0.41 for adults and 0.69 for children . Additionally, the annual risk of enterococci infection was 1 for adults and 0.99 children and, which exceeds the range advised by the WHO and EPA. These findings indicate that children have a higher infection risk compared to adults.
Conclusion: Unrestricted discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents into sea and rivers can contribute to the presence of harmful microbes in beaches. By implementing effective environmental and recreational management strategies, it is possible to minimize the risk of public health hazards at recreational beaches while also preserving the natural beauty of these important public spaces.
 

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