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Showing 4 results for Gorgan
Evaluation of infection control and disinfection used in barbershops and beauty salons in Gorgan
M Sadeghi, A Charkazi, N Behnampour, A Zafarzadeh, S Garezgar, S Davoudinia, P Borgheie,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract

Background & Objective: Hairdressing is one of the most public places and most important from the health issues (personal and environmental) point of view. In such places, non-observance of sanitary and non-normative activities are detrimental to the health of the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of disinfectants to control infectious diseases transmitted through hairdressers and infection control, as well as to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of barbers with reference to the infectious diseases. Materials & Methods: The study included all female hairdresser (150 hairdresser) having official work in Gorgan City. The data required were collected through a questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions (13 questions each) respectively. Disinfectants used were assessed using a checklist. Results: It was found that the most used disinfectant was bleaching powder (74.4%). The weekly and daily disinfection frequencies were 52.63 and 33.3% respectively. The research revealed that 49.45% had not have oven or autoclave to sterilize their dressing tools. The most used antiseptic for skin and hair was alcohol. Regarding infectious diseases, the barbers mean awareness was 10.83 ± 2.03, mean attitude 54.71 ± 3.99, and the mean performance was 12.44± 1.07. There were a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between the variables of knowledge and attitude, knowledge and behavior, and attitude and performance. Conclusion: Barbers awareness about disinfection was moderate indicating the need for education and training about the types of disinfectants and how to use them. Nevertheless, the knowledge, attitude, and practices of barbers about the disease was moderate to high. Existence of the mandatory training courses on public health and having valid certificate conducted by private sector are the main reasons for increased awareness and attitude of the barbers and beauty salon dressers about infectious diseases.


Measurement of outdoor and indoor ambient gamma dose rate in Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman cities using gas and thermoluminescent dosimeters
B Pangh, R Khabaz, A Izadpanah,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human external exposure to natural radiation sources is much more than artificial radiation sources. In this study, external annual effective doses were estimated in cities of Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman by determining ambient gamma dose rate in indoor and outdoor spaces.
Materials and Methods: Using an ionization chamber detector, the outdoor and indoor ambient gamma dose rate at 32 and 16 selected stations in Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman cities was measured for one hour, respectively. Indoor measurements were performed by 36 dosimeters in Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman cities in 11 and 6 residential buildings respectively using thermoluminescence dosimetry method.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the ambient gamma dose rate in outdoor is a little more than this quantity in indoor space. The annual effective dose received by residents of Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman were 0.720 and 0.719 mSv, respectively.
Conclusion: The annual effective dose received by residents of Gorgan and Bandar-Torkman cities is less than the worldwide average, and it is also less than the reference dose level for ordinary people (1 mSv).
 

Evaluation of Gorganrood river water quality based on surface water quality indicators in Gonbad Kavous
Mohammad Gholizadeh, Omid Heydari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increased untreated wastewater and unsustainable development of agriculture has deteriorated water quality of rivers. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of water in Gorganrud River basin using NSFWQI IRWQISC and Liou Pollution Index and compare them with the global standards. To do this, GIS software.was used
Materials and Methods: In this study, 5 sampling stations were selected based on standard criteria including land use type, accessibility and standard distributions along the river. 12 water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, organic phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity in river for one year were measured from June 2019 to May 2019 follwoing standard methods.
Results: The amount of phosphate and turbidity was increased along the river from station 2 to the mouth of the river. This was due to the presence of agricultural and municipal sewage. There was a significant difference in BOD, fecal coliforms and nitrates with those of the standard values. Water quality indicators showed the great effects of urban wastewater and human waste in the river area. The best quality was observed in Station 1 (75; Good Quality), which was less exposed to human activity and development. Based on the conformity of the results of the indicators with the terrestrial reality, the results of the IRWQIsc index (Iranian surface water quality) showed the best results due to compatibility to the land uses and the trend of variables.
Conclusion: The presence of urban sewage and unsustainable agricultural in the city of Gonbad Kavous is the most important reason for the decline in water quality (poor quality class). In this regard, a comprehensive management in water resources and environmental impact assessment is needed.

Investigation of Pb and Cd concentrations in drinking water samples of Gorgan water supply network: preparation of zoning maps by geographic information system
Yousef Dadban Shahamat, Hamed Mohammadi, Nasrin Sangbari, Gholamreza Roshandel, Mina Ghahrchi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: With the expansion of urbanization and the development of industry, environmental pollution, including sources of drinking water to heavy metals, has become a global problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to measure the concentration of lead and cadmium in the water of Gorgan distribution network.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the concentrations of heavy metals lead and cadmium were measured in 25 different stations of the Gorgan drinking water distribution network from April to September 2018 by atomic absorption device. Statistical analysis was used from SPSS ver 22 software. Also, zoning maps based on the concentration of these two metals were prepared by Geographic Information System (GIS) software.
Results: The results of measuring the lead and cadmium concentration showed that all measured values are less than national and international standards. In general, the average concentrations of lead and cadmium were 4.38 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.01) between the concentrations obtained from lead metal in different months. Additionally, the distribution map of this lead and cadmium exhibited that in the central areas and some border areas, the concentration of these two metals is higher.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be seen that the concentration of heavy metals lead and cadmium in the water of Gorgan distribution network is within the permitted standards.
 

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