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Showing 9 results for Groundwater
Effect of Persian Gulf Saline Water on Quality of Asaluyeh Plain Groundwater and Determine the Origin of Nacl Anomaly
Zahra Sajadi Mian Ab, Nasrollah Kalantari, Jaber Mozafarizadeh,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Due to population intensity and industrial activities, quality of groundwater is important in Bushehr province and in particularly in coastal areas. The salinity of groundwater in Asaluyeh plain is increasing from the heights towards the Persian gulf and in some places are not even applicable for irrigation.
Materials and Methods: In order to explore the source of the chloride anomaly, groundwater samples were analyzed and compared with the Persian Gulf samples. Also Water Samples Different diagrams were determined and the reasons of water salinity of Asaluyeh Plain were investigated.
Results: The results of chemical analyses showed the groundwater excessive salinity, especially near the sea. Based on correlation matrix, the highest correlation between the sodium and chlorine ions was observed.
Conclusion: The factors influencing on groundwater salinity in the plain varies and arising from solution of halite and gypsum from surrounding formations, suddenly increas sodium chloride in some parts of plain and forming Cl-Na water type. The results indicated that the Groundwater Type of Asaluyeh is Cl-Na and therefore it is classified as non-potable water.


Development of a modified drinking water quality index (MDWQI) and its application for assessing water quality in groundwater resources of Iran
Mohaad-Reza Mohebbi, Koshyar Azam Vaghefi, Ahmad Montazeri, Mehrnoosh Abtahi, Sogol Oktahi, Reza Gholamnia, Fatemeh Aliasgari, Reza Saeedi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract

Background and objectives: In this research, an innovative drinking water quality index for assessing water resources as “modified drinking water quality index (MDWQI)” was developed and applied for evaluating all of the groundwater resources utilized for community water supply in urban areas of Iran during 2011. Materials and methods: Twenty-three water quality parameters and relevant Iranian standards for drinking water quality were selected as input parameters and benchmarks respectively. The MDWQI is calculated using three factors including the number of parameters that excurse benchmarks, the number of measurements in a dataset that excurse benchmarks and the magnitude of excursions. The MDWQI scores range from 0 to 100 and classify water quality in five categories as excellent (95-100), good (80-94), fair (65-79), marginal (45-64), and poor (0-44). Results: According to the MDWQI value, about 95% of the groundwater resources were in the good condition and the others were in the fair or marginal condition also the best and the worst water quality of water resources were observed in Ardebil Province and Qom Province respectively. The three parameters of fluoride, magnesium, and nitrate recorded the highest rates of violation to be 74, 32, and 13% respectively. Conclusion: The nationwide average score of the MDWQI was 85 (good description). This study indicated that the MDWQI and its sub-indices could describe the overall water quality of water bodies easily, reliably and correctly and have the potential suitability for extensive application all over the world.


Predicting Nitrate Concentration in Groundwater Resources using Lumped-Parameter Model: Case Study in Qazvin Plain
R.s Hajimirmohammad Ali, H Karyab,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objective: The concentration of nitrate, factors affecting the balance sheet, and the changes in an aquifer is of utmost importance. Because modeling is an efficient method to predict the concentration of ions in water resources, in this study using lumped-parameter model and Monte Carlo simulation model, the nitrate concentrations in groundwater resources of Qazvin Plain were estimated and analyzed.

Materials and Methods: A total of 19 wells in different climates of saline watershed in Qazvin Plain were selected and entry and exit routes of nitrate to these sources were analyzed using lumped-parameter model.  Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the probability of the estimated nitrate concentration in aquifer.

Results: Application of lumped-parameter model for a part of a part of groundwater resources in Qazvin Plain watershed predicted the nitrate concentration in the range of 8.12 to 15.94 mg/l.   The maximum concentration was estimated in cold-dry climate with 12.8±0.04 mg/L. Moreover, it was found that the difference between the estimated nitrate concentration and factors affecting its concentration in different climates was significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Despite the predicted concentrations of nitrate in the study area were in accordance with the Iran national standard for drinking purposes, the cumulative probability of Monte Carlo simulation showed that the possible violation of nitrate from the safe limit of 10 mg/l in the study area is 90% (p = 0.005).


Locating of Suitable Areas to Provide Drinking Water Using Multi Criteria Decision Making and Fuzzy Logic Process (Case Study: Tabas Aquifer)
M Ahmadee, A Shahidi, Z Ghorbani,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objective: The role of groundwater has always been an important issue in order to provide drinking water especially in desert areas. However, studies and decision-making on water supply from the water source is more costly and difficult rather than surface water. Therefore, it is important to note the newest methods like zoning. Due to the effects of water chemical parameters on the quality, application of AHP, ANP, FAHP, and FANP methods lead to more accurate results.  The aim of this research was to zone groundwater quality using ANP and FANP models and comparison of the results obtained by those achieved, by AHP and FAHP models.

Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the study was conducted to zone groundwater quality in Tabas aquifer located at the east of Iran with latitude between 33˚ 19’-33˚ 50’ and longitude between 60˚ 42’-63˚ 12’. In this study, the parameters studied were Mg, Ca, SO4, Cl, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC),  and total hardness (TH). Raster maps for each parameter were prepared and these maps were converted to fuzzy maps. Then, the maps were integrated together using the weights from AHP and ANP methods.

Results:  The research indicated that the most weighted parameters using ANP method were Cl (0.172), Mg (0.161) and EC (0.159). Cl (0.457), TDS (0.163) and EC (0.141) were the most weighted parameters using AHP methods. In addition, the concentration of each parameter was increased from the east and southeast to the northeast.

Conclusion: Based on the results and groundwater flow path, water quality was reduced due to water flow in aquifer (from the east and southeast to northeast). Hence, the east and the southeast were the best location to provide drinking water. The area of these regions were 22.12, 25.08, 57.35 and 58.24% out of total area as determined using AHP, ANP, FAHP, and FANP, respectively.


Evaluating Potential Contamination of Groundwater by DRASTIC (Case Study: Plain Mahidasht Kermanshah)
Sh Gorgani, A Bafkar, Se Fatemi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract

Background and Objective: There are major mobile and non-mobile pollution sources due to human activities that can influence aquifers and reduce groundwater quality. Vulnerability assessment is an inexpensive procedure in to identify areas prone to the pollutants. Identification of these sources is essential in water resources management. Mahidasht Plain is one of the important regions of Kermanshah province and plays a significant role in the production of agricultural products. Water supply for agriculture may be at risk due to the indiscriminate withdrawal of groundwater resources of the plains, the recent droughts and potable water requirements. Therefore, analysis and evaluation of the area helps to make better decisions on proper management and control of water pollution.

Materials and Methods: Vulnerability, which is defined as the sensitivity of groundwater quality to pollution load, was applied and determined using intrinsic features of the aquifer. In this study, we have studied inherent vulnerability of the Mahidasht aquifer against pollution by using DRASTIC model and GIS. Seven parameters for the zoning of aquifer vulnerability was used in the DRASTIC method, including depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer material, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity. These parameters were prepared as seven layers of information in Arc GIS10 Software. The data collected for the purpose of this study were taken fromwells log, 44 piezometer in the area, pumping experiments and three rain-gauge stations. The layers prepared in Arc GIS10 software were weighted, ranked and eventually integrated.

Results: The DRASTIC index calculated for the plain ranged from 34 to 120 units. On this basis and according to the standards listed for DRASTIC index, the aquifer was in a vulnerable group with a low or no risk.

Conclusion: DRASTIC model output showed an inherent vulnerability of the aquifer. The model can be used as a primary tool in the development and management of water resources in the future. In addition, this model is not able to produce information about amount and type of pollutants. Therefore, it is recommended to examine the salinity zoning in the future research due to less rainfall and decreasing underground water level and consequently the higher probability of salinity in underground water. Additionally, the domestic and industrial wastewater, sewage irrigation and the fraction used for groundwater recharge should be considered in order to validate the results of Drastic model.


Monitoring of groundwater quality changes trend in four plains of Gilan province during a 12-year period
M Bayatvarkeshi, R Fasihi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Drought and water shortage in recent years caused rice farmers to use maximum groundwater as a secure source. However, the rice is affected not only by the quantity but also by the quality of water. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trend of quality parameters of groundwater in wet and dry periods in 4 plains including Astaneh, Talesh, Lahijan and Foumanat, which are all located in Gilan province.
Materials and Methods: In this investigation, data was collected for quality parameters from 15 groundwater of the 4 plains of Gilan province from 2003 to 2014. The data was collected from 15 piezometer wells of Astaneh, 41 piezometer wells in Talesh, 24 piezometer wells in Lahijan and 44 piezometer wells in Foumanat. For each well, two time series of 15 quality parameters in wet and dry periods were created in SPSS software. The trend was evaluated by Mann- Kendall test that is a nonparametric method.
Results: The results showed that in both periods, the trend of most quality parameters was declined, However, the quality decline in wet period was more severe. In both periods, the pH and Na % were increasing. Additionally, in dry period, the increasing trend of SAR and SO4 was observed. Overall, the water quality of wells in Talesh plain for cultivation of rice was better than the other plains.
Conclusion: Consumption of groundwater of all the plains in both wet and dry periods for agricultural purposes and especially rice cultivation was without limitation. According to the decreased concentration of the measured parameters during the studied period, it can be expected that groundwater quality of Gilan province plains has been improved.
 

Numerical simulation of groundwater flow path in Hamedan-Bahar aquifer
M Bayatvarkeshi, R Fasihi, H Zareabyaneh,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Groundwater resources are very important for the survival of living beings. Hence, groundwater modeling has a special importance in water management and planning of each region .In this study, numerically simulation of Hamedan–Bahar aquifer flow path was done by GMS software using geological, hydraulic and hydrologic information.
Materials and Methods: First, a 3D hydrogeological model of the aquifer was prepared and then the aquifer flow was simulated by MODFLOW numerical code. The model was calibrated using a trial and error method. Estimation of groundwater flow path was done with MODPATH numeric code. Finally, the capture area was studied and piezometers and direction of groundwater movement in different time were built.
Results: The results of calibration showed that the difference between observed head and computed head was in allowable range (  35 m). Estimation of pollution with MODPATH numeric code indicated that in forward moving, the longest way of pollution transport was 43400 m and in backward moveing, the longest way of flow transport was 8270.65 m. The results of the groundwater flow path indicated that the flow transport direction was from southwest to northeast in line with the hydraulic gradient.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the current trend of groundwater flow will increase aquifer pollution level, which will damage groundwater aquifer.
 

Corrosion or scaling tendency and trend for water resources in rural areas of Kashan
M Hadi, Z Aboosaedi, H Pasalari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Scaling and corrosion both are destructive to materials (usually metals) in water supply systems. A dataset (from 2002 to 2013) of groundwater resources (including springs, qanats, deep wells and semi-deep wells) were examined for water tendency to corrosion or scaling in rural regions of Kashan, a city in Isfahan, central Iran.
Materials and Methods: Water quality parameters including pH, temperature, Ca (mg/L), CO32- (mg/L), HCO3-(mg/L) and TDS (mg/L) were used to estimate water stability indices. Value of qualitative indices including Langelier (LSI), Ryznar (RSI), Puckorius (PSI) and trend of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Potential (CCPP) as a quantitative index were calculated and analyzed for all water resources.
Results: Mean of LSI, RSI and PSI for all water resources were estimated to be 0.41±0.02, 6.39 ± 0.03, and 7.40±0.02, respectively. The CCPP value found to be 17.23±3.16, 15.66±1.38, 41.23±11.22, and 23.15±4.46 mg/L for springs, qanats, deep wells and semi-deep wells, respectively. The CCPP index was significantly increased from 2002 to 2013, with an average of 1.6 units per year.
Conclusion: A significant scaling tendency was observed. This tendency in decreasing order was observed in deep wells, semi-deep wells, springs and qanats. The estimated CaCO3 scale weight per cubic meter of water was 21 g on average, which may be problematic for water distribution systems. Water withdrawal management and reduction in TDS of water resources, perhaps through decrease in agricultural drainage, can be effective to reduce the scaling tendency.   
 

Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Kashan using water quality indicators
Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari, Benyamin Ajami, Esfandiar Ghordouei Milan, Moein Khalooei, Amir Hossein Mahvi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Groundwater is the primary water source for drinking and agricultural activities in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall, land use, geological structure, aquifer mineralogy, and duration of water contact with the environment in the basement are the main factors affecting the chemical quality of groundwater. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of groundwater by considering the water quality index (WQI) and its quality assessment for drinking water.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 71 wells of Kashan were sampled in summer 2020 with three samplings from each well, and physical and chemical parameters were studied, water quality index was determined using mathematical methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient was determined. Correlation analysis was used. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software, Excel 2013, and statistical tests. 
Results: The calculated WQI of 71 wells in Kashan shows that 67% of the wells were of excellent quality, and 33% were of good quality in terms of water quality parameters. In total, out of 71 samples, the numerical index of water quality was 44.94, and the water was of excellent quality.
Conclusion: The results show that ions such as sodium, sulfate, and chlorine are directly related to the counting in an area and increase the concentrations of EC and TDS, and can impair the balance of anionic and cationic aqueous solution. It was also found that more than half of the wells have excellent quality due to using water wells for drinking.

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