Showing 11 results for Industrial Waste
N Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, A.r Talaiekhozani, M.r Talaiekhozani, S Jorfi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives:Propylene glycol is applied in many industries as raw material and can be released to the environment through wastewater of such industries. The biological treatment of solutions containing high concentration of propylene glycol is difficult and some problems can be observed during this process. The main objective of this study was the investigation of electrochemical degradation of propylene glycol and the parameters influencing on improving removal efficiency.
Materials and Methods: In this study the degradation of propylene glycol was made by passing an electrical current though the synthetic wastewater containing propylene glycol. In order to investigate this process several types of electrode with applied voltage ranging between 5 to 50 V was used. Due to the effect of NaCl concentration on removal efficiency which was mentioned in the literature, the experiment was performed for different NaCl concentrations.
Results: In optimum condition, the maximum removal efficiency of propylene glycol (based onCOD) was obtained equal to 90%. The results showed that rising applied voltage, NaCl concentrationand retention time increase the removal efficiency. The optimum retention time was obtained equalto 50 min. The maximum removal was obtained when aluminum electrode was used. It can beattributed to the production of coagulant material such as Al+3 during this process.
Conclusion: The results revealed that this process can be useful for treating the industrial wastewatercontaining propylene glycol.
M.a Zazouli, E. Ghahramani, M. Ghorbanian Alahabad, A. Nikouie, M. Hashemi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: One of environmental outcomes in industrial towns is developing environmental pollution such as production of industrial wastewaters. These industrial wastewaters should be appropriately treated before entering to receiving waters. However we can't solve environmental anxieties by establishing of wastewater treatment plants alone but permanent and regular assessment of these treatment plants performance is necessary for achieving environmental standards. Thus, this research has been done in order to investigation of activated sludge performance in wastewater treatment of Agghala industrial town in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study implemented in sewage treatment plant laboratory of Agghala industrial town in Golestan within 12 months at 2007. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameter determined twice in week, But Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test accomplished weekly. pH measured by pH meter daily. Experiment of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) carried out every 10 days. All tests accomplished according to standard method for water and wastewater examination (2005). Then data analyzed using excel 2007.
Results: The average of BOD, COD and TSS in influent was 11196.17, 1854.58, 1232.25 mg/L respectively.Maximum influent organic loading rate was related to Shahrivar andMehr months. The total average of removal efficiency for BOD, COD and TSS was calculated 99.66, 98.2, and 97.6% respectively.
Conclusion:Quality of this treatment plant effluent was according to effluent disposal standards all over year. In sum, efficiency of this treatment plant (activated sludge system) was very good ininfluent pollutant removing. However occasionally effluent was not adapted with environmental standards but these deficiencies is solvable by accurate management and supervision on flow rate and influent organic loading rate easily.
M Ahmadimoghadam, H Amiri,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (7-2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Formaldehyde and phenol are key precursors in the industrial manufacture of resins. Toxicity of these compounds prevents function of microbial populations, so they affect the biological treatments. The aim of this study was investigation of TOC removal from phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation using Al- electrodes.
Materials and Methods: This study is the laboratory scale experiment was conducted as a pilot. Wastewater sample was adjusted in the desired pH, electrical conductivity and current density, then it was placed in to the reactor contains four electrodes in aluminum. The electrodes were connected to a DC power supply (0-40V, 0-3A). Samples were collected for TOC determination in the middle of cell at regular time intervals. Collected samples were analyzed using TOC analyzer.
Results:The results indicated that the optimum conditions for the removal of TOC were current density 75 A/m2, solution pH 4 and Conductivity 3 mS/cm. In this condition energy consumption was found 22.5 kWh m-3 after 60 min reaction.
Conclusion: This study shows that electrocoagulation of wastewater from phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing can be used as a pretreatment process.
M.h Dehghani, S Nasseri, M Ghaderpoori, A.h Mahvi, R Nabizadeh Nodehi,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (1-2011)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objective: Surfactants are one of the largest pollutants which exist in urban and industrial wastewaters. Large quantities of surfactants have entered to the environment since last decade due to increased use of synthetic detergent in industrial and home consumptions.In this study, the efficiency of UV/H2O2 process in removal of linear alkylbenzane sulfonate (LAS) from aqueous solutions was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this study methylene blue active substane(MBAS)method and spectrometery were used to determine anion and residual surfactant respectively. In this study important variables were H2O2 concentration, initial concentration of surfactant, pH and duration of UV radiation. The effect of UV/H2O2 process on the degradation of LAS was analyzed statistically by using Multiple Linear Regression test.
Results: The resulted showed that after 20 minute, ultraviolet radiation solely removed 38.44 percent of Anionic detergent, Hydrogen peroxide showed no significant removal of detergent solution in the time course study. The efficiency of UV/H2O2 process in 10, 20 and 30 minute were to 86.2, 90 and 96.5 %, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide process in anionic detergent was not significant thoogh it was considerable in combination process (UV/H2O2).
M. A Karami, M Farzadkia, A Jonidi Jaafari, R Nabizade, M. R Gohari, M Karimaee,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In recent years, poor industrial waste managements have created many crises in human societies. The aim of this study was to investigate industrial waste management located between Tehran and Karaj zone in 2009-2010.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and sectional which was done by site visits, (Iranian environmental protection organization) use of questionnaires, database production and results analysis. The questionnaire consisted of 45 questions mainly about industrial waste quantity, quality and management. Total number of industries with over 50 personnel's, calculated as 283. Class-weighted sampling was used in which the sample size contained 50 industries.
Results: Total generated industrial waste was 123451, kg per day. Major hazardous waste generated in industrial sections included: chemical and plastic making. About 45.28% of waste generated disposed by private sectors. Landfill with 62% and reuse with 17% were the first and second alternative of common methods for final disposal of solid waste in this zone.
Conclusion: In order to reduce hazardous waste generation in this zone, reuse and recovery maximization of the waste must be noted in short-term. In long-term, some industries such as chemical-plastic and electronics which have high rate of hazardous waste production must be replaced with other industries with low rate production, such as wood-cellulose and paper industries.
Amir Bagheri, Gholamreza Moussavi, Ali Khavanin,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background and Objectives: Formaldehyde is a toxic substance and harmful to human
beings and the environmental health. Therefore, the effluents containing
formaldehyde have to be efficiently treated before discharging into the
environment. This study was aimed at investigating the efficiency of
Electro-Fenton (EF) Process in pre-treating industrial wastewater containing
high concentrations of formaldehyde.
Materials and Methods: The effect of the important operational variables including pH, current
density, H
2O
2 dosage, and reaction time were evaluated on the degradation of
7500 mg/L formaldehyde using batch tests. The EFP batch reactor was consisted
of a cylindrical glass column with 5.20 cm in internal diameter and 34.50 cm in
height. Working volume of the reactor was 500 mL.
Results: The maximum
formaldehyde removal was obtained at alkaline pH of 10, H
2O
2 concentration of
10 mM/min, current intensity 8.5 mA/cm2, and the reaction time of 6 minute.
Furthermore, aerating the EFP cell could enhance the formaldehyde removal.
Complete removal of formaldehyde was obtained under the abovementioned
operational conditions.
Conclusion: This study
demonstrated that the EFP is capable of reducing high concentration of
formaldehyde (7500 mg/l) to the level suitable for biological post-treatment.
Ahmad Reza Yazdanbakhsh, Akbar Eslami, Akram Najafi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Formaldehyde is one of the compounds widely used in various industries hence, its discharge into the effluent is unavoidable. Exposure to formaldehyde has a significant health effects. To prevent these issues, treatment of wastewater containing formaldehyde is necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in removing formaldehyde from wastewater. Methods: We used a SBR having a total volume of 6.15 liters and an effective volume of 4 liters. The formaldehyde and COD removal efficiency of SBR was evaluated by applying loading rate of 0.031 to 0.156 kgCOD/m3.h. Four cycles of 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours were considered to investigate retention time effect onto the reactor efficiency. Results: Acclimation of microorganism with formaldehyde was achieved after about 30 days. We found that a retention time lower than an hour is not enough for achieving an acceptable efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency (90.52% for COD and 95.32% for formaldehyde) was observed at organic loading rate of 0.031 kg COD/m3.h and 12 hour retention time. The removal efficiency decreased to 46.44% for COD and 69.12%, for formaldehyde with increasing the organic loading rate to 0.156 kg COD/m3.h. The maximum concentration of MLSS was measured 2863 mg / L at organic loading rate of 0.091 kg COD/m3.h. Conclusion: The results showed that SBR could be applied as a practical, effective, and reliable technology for treatment of wastewater containing formaldehyde.
R Shokohi, A Shabanloo, F Zamani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nitrophenols are among the most common and toxic compounds in industrial effluents that 2, 4 dinitrophenol (2, 4-DNP) is the most toxic compound in this group. The object of this study was to optimize the removal of 2, 4-DNP by thermally activated persulfate using a central composite design.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on a batch thermal reactor with a volume of 4 L. In this study, a central composite design (CCD) with RSM method was used for designing and optimizing the operation parameters such as initial pH of solution, potassium persulfate concentration and temperature. The effect of 2, 4-DNP concentration and reaction time at optimum conditions were also investigated.
Results: The results indicated that the degradation rate of 2, 4-DNP was enhanced by increasing the concentration of persulfate and reducing temperature and pH. The optimum conditions for the highest degradation efficiency (99%) were as initial concentration 10 mg/L, reaction time 30 min, temperature 60 °C, Potassium persulfate concentration 10 mmol/L, and pH 5. At the optimum conditions, when 2, 4-DNP concentration was increased to 50 mg /L, the 2, 4-DNP degradation rate decreased to 73%.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the heat-activated PS oxidation could be an efficient approach for decomposition of 2, 4-DNP. Temperature was the most influential variable in this regard (p<0.0001).
R Bagheri, S Sobhanardakani, B Lorestani,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In countries such as Iran that are facing with water scarcity and water crisis, paying attention to the quantity, quality and sustainable use of water resources is very significant. Petrochemical processes discharge pollutants into the environment, contaminating surface water resources. Therefore, treatment of the wastewater of these industries is necessary. Due to the capabilities of AHP process such as generalization, consideration of various parameters, multi-dimensional selection and quantifying the qualitative parameters by experts, the current study was carried out to select the best wastewater treatment alternative for HDPE plant of petrochemical research and technology company-Arak center based on AHP in 2016.
Materials and Methods: In this study, both sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) systems based on environmental, technical-functional, economic and management criteria's according to the expert's opinion were weighted. Then, the paired comparisons of the selected wastewater treatment systems for each criterion were developed. Finally, the results were analyzed to select the best wastewater treatment systems for HDPE unit of petrochemical industries using Expert Choice 11 Software.
Results: The results showed that the SBR wastewater treatment system was the best method for the wastewater treatment of HDPE plant of petrochemical research and technology company-Arak center as compared with the ESSA system. Also, consistency ratio was ranged from 0 to 0.10 in all emphases. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the SBR system had the highest priority of economic and environmental criteria. The ESSA system had the highest priority of technical-functional and management criteria.
Conclusion: Based on the results, although ESSA method requires more maintainance and management than the SBR method, due to increasing requirement for the compliance of the output effluent quality with permissible limits and the need for less land for the establishment of the treatment plant, the SBR method was selected to be the most suitable process for HDPE plant wastewater treatment.
Abdolmotaleb Seid Mohammadi, Ghorban Asgari, Reza Shokoohi, Parastoo Shahbazi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Considering the importance of alkalinity in pH regulation and its buffering role, in this study, the effect of inlet wastewater alkalinity on the efficiency of the anaerobic unit of the wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, a superior chemical compound in providing alkalinity to wastewater was investigated.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed in the treatment plant to determine the relationship between input alkalinity and removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5 and TSS. In order to determine the optimal alkali material for superb anaerobic wastewater performance, four common chemical substances including, NaOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2 and MgO were selected and examined using One Factor At Time (OFAT) test method.
Results: According to the results maximum removal efficiencies were obtained 62, 66.6 and 71.2% for COD, BOD5 and TSS, respectively under alkaline condition of 1260 mg/L CaCO3. Furthemore, the optimal dose to supply one unit of alkalinity by Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2 and MgO were 0.53, 0.54 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. These values were obtained 5 min contact time and mixing rate of 150 rpm. However, for NaOH the optimal dose supply was obtained 0.35 mg/L for 3 min contact time and mixing rate of 100 rpm.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the performance of anaerobic baffled reactor is highly related to the supply of influent alkalinity to the reactor. In addition, the use of MgO can be considered as a suitable alkaline substance to neutralize acidic wastewater and provide alkalinity for ABR system.
Farah Rashadi, Nahid Navidjouy, Ali Ahmad Aghapour, Mostafa Rahimnejad,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new green technology that uses the catabolic ability of microorganisms to produce bioenergy while simultaneously removing organic matter and other wastewater contaminants. Electrode material is one of the factors affecting the performance of microbial fuel cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of microbial fuel cells in COD removal and bioenergy production from synthetic and real beverage wastewater.
Materials and Methods: In this research, a two-chamber microbial fuel cell with Nafion membrane and aerated cathode was set up using two electrodes made of carbon felt and flat graphite after being contacted by synthetic wastewater with a concentration of COD 5000 mg/L and real beverage wastewater. Organic matter removal efficiency and voltage, power density and maximum current were determine.
Results: Experimental results showed that maximum COD removal efficiency of 92 % was achieved in synthetic wastewater and with a carbon felts electrode. In this condition, maximum voltage, power density and output current density of 469 mV, 175.28 mW/m2, and 855 mA/m2, were obtained, respectively. However, by using real industrial wastewater (beverage), maximum removal efficiency of COD, voltage, power density and output current density, related to carbon felt electrodes were obtaines as 84 %, 460 mV, 91/65 mW/m2, and 635 mA/m2, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings showed that synthetic wastewater outperforms microbial fuel cells in terms of bioelectric production and organic matter removal as compared to real wastewater (beverage). The reason for the decrease in the cell performance might be the presence of solids and other confounding pollutants in real wastewater.
