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Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized Kashk distributed in Tehran Metropolitan
M Amirpour, M Amini, D Khademi Shurmasti,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2015)
Abstract

Background & objectives: Aflatoxin M1 and M2 (AFM1 and AFM2) are secondary toxic metabolite of molds excreted into livestock milk and dairy products when animal consume feedstuffs contaminated with AFB1 and AFB2. Considering the importance of taking dairy products in human diet, the present study was carried out to determine AFM1 of pasteurized Kashk (industrial liquid) in Tehran Metropolitan. Materials & Methods: Totally, 32 industrial liquid Kashk samples (eight brands with four different dates of production) were purchased from supermarkets of Tehran and were analyzed using High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoaffinity columns. Results: In this study, 90.62% of samples (mean: 60.17 ± 75.48 ppt) were contaminated with AFM1. The concentration of AFM1 in 20.68% of samples were higher than Iranian national standard limits (100 ppt). Comparison of different brands showed that brand B with the mean 99.09 ± 158.47 ppt and brand G with the mean 21.27 ± 16.91 ppt had the highest and lowest level of contamination respectively, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Considering contamination of more than half of the samples with AFM1 and the point that even low level of aflatoxin can be a serious problem for human health, therefore, continuous control of dairy products and preventive proceedings such as avoidance of using moldy feedstuffs for livestock is suggested


Measurement of toxic and essential metal in yogurt and kashk and risk assessment by Latin Hypercube method
Mojtaba Moazzen, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian, Nabi Shariatifar, Sara Sohrabvandi, Elham Khanniri, Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background and Obejective: Many elements can naturally or artificially enter human food and pose risks to human health. Some of these elements are toxic, while others are essential for humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentrations of toxic elements (aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)) and essential elements (cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)) in yogurt and kashk samples.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentration of 10 elements was measured using an ICP-OES device in 48 samples (with two repetitions each) of yogurt and kashk collected from Tehran. The risk associated with human exposure to these metals was then calculated using the Latin Hypercube method.
Results: The results showed that in all samples, the highest and lowest average concentrations of essential elements (in µg/kg) were attributed to iron (567.53) and cobalt (10.58), respectively. Similarly, the highest and lowest average concentrations of toxic elements were attributed to arsenic (28.60) and cadmium (1.08), respectively.
Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that the average concentration of all elements—except for Pb, Co, and Cd—was higher in kashk than in yogurt. Additionally, the average concentration of all elements was below the established standards. However, the risk analysis results indicated that children are more exposed to non-carcinogenic risks from yogurt and carcinogenic risks from the consumption of both yogurt and kashk compared to adults.
 

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