Showing 7 results for Performance
M.a Zazouli, E. Ghahramani, M. Ghorbanian Alahabad, A. Nikouie, M. Hashemi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: One of environmental outcomes in industrial towns is developing environmental pollution such as production of industrial wastewaters. These industrial wastewaters should be appropriately treated before entering to receiving waters. However we can't solve environmental anxieties by establishing of wastewater treatment plants alone but permanent and regular assessment of these treatment plants performance is necessary for achieving environmental standards. Thus, this research has been done in order to investigation of activated sludge performance in wastewater treatment of Agghala industrial town in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study implemented in sewage treatment plant laboratory of Agghala industrial town in Golestan within 12 months at 2007. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameter determined twice in week, But Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test accomplished weekly. pH measured by pH meter daily. Experiment of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) carried out every 10 days. All tests accomplished according to standard method for water and wastewater examination (2005). Then data analyzed using excel 2007.
Results: The average of BOD, COD and TSS in influent was 11196.17, 1854.58, 1232.25 mg/L respectively.Maximum influent organic loading rate was related to Shahrivar andMehr months. The total average of removal efficiency for BOD, COD and TSS was calculated 99.66, 98.2, and 97.6% respectively.
Conclusion:Quality of this treatment plant effluent was according to effluent disposal standards all over year. In sum, efficiency of this treatment plant (activated sludge system) was very good ininfluent pollutant removing. However occasionally effluent was not adapted with environmental standards but these deficiencies is solvable by accurate management and supervision on flow rate and influent organic loading rate easily.
Ali Kazemi, Habibollah Younesi, Nader Bahramifar,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: bisphenol A and nonylphenol are xenoestrogen materials used as a monomer of plastics in widely volume in the production of plastic materials especially mineral water bottles and disposable plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the potential of migration of bisphenol A and nonylphenol from disposable plastic containers into water at different temperatures and also from mineral water into water at different temperatures. Materials and Methods: We conducted bisphenol A and nonylphenol extraction from each sample through liquid-liquid extraction. For identification and quantitative determination of bisphnol A and nonylphenol, we used gas chromatography equipped with mass detector, and for quantitative determination of these two compounds, we used high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. Results: We found that increasing temperature increased significantly the rate of migration of these two compounds in the water. Moreover, it was revealed that only the presence of bisphenol A in water of mineral water bottles was detected and the increase in temperature also increases the rate of migration bisphenol A into water. Conclusion: In general, results of this study showed that improper storage of mineral water bottles and also use of disposable plastic containers for hot drinks would result in increasing consumer exposure to these compounds.
Mansour Shamsipour, Homa Kashani, Masud Yunesian, Kazem Naddafi, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Reza Saeedi, Mahdi Hadi, Alireza Mesdaghinia,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess Iran’s position and trends for environmental health status among the countries of “Iran’s perspective document in 1404” according to the indicators used in Environmental Performance Index (EPI) report in 2018.
Materials and Methods: The score of indicators in environmental health area; air quality (including household solid fuels, exposure to PM2.5, and PM2.5 exceedance), water and sanitation (including drinking water and sanitation) and heavy metals (including lead) were extracted for all studied countries as well as for the last and baseline (generally ten years prior to last report) years from EPI 2018 database. According to EPI scores, the performance of the studied countries in each indicator was ranked. The percent change in the score of each indicator from baseline to current year was calculated and compared with the mean percent change for all studied countries.
Results: Iran ranked 7th regarding air quality in 2016. Also, it ranked 6th, 8th, and 9th in terms of household solid fuels, exposure to PM2.5, and PM2.5 exceedance, respectively. The EPI score for Iran regarding water and sanitation was 54.4 in 2005 and 58.74 in 2016 (percent change=7.98%). Iran ranked 21st in 2005 regarding lead exposure index. Although this index showed a growth of 100% in 2016, which is very desirable compared to the average growth of all countries (34.47%), but only leads to one step up in the ranking of Iran and was ranked 20th in comparison with other countries.
Conclusion: Totally, according to EPI 2018, Iran ranked 6th in the field of environmental health issues among 23 countries of “Iran’s perspective document in 1404”. However, there is uncertainty in the accuracy of the EPI raw data used for calculating index scores. Hence, caution should be exercised in their interpretation.
Afsaneh Askari Zade Haghighi, Samaneh Abolli, Mahmood Alimohammadi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: barbershops are one of the most important public places for beauty activities, which requires attention to health issues (personal and environmental), and non-compliance with health standards and procedures can be a threat to public health. The level of awareness and performance of employees can affect the management of waste production. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of personnel about waste production and performance in southern Tehran in 2021.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Tehran with a statistical sample of 330 places. In this study, a questionnaire was used which comprised of three sections; demographic information, the level of awareness and performance of personnel, and the information was completed after interviews with hairdressers. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney using SPSS software (IBM-v.26).
Results: The average scores of awareness and performance of individuals in waste management were 43.18 and 48.27, respectively, and based on the results of qualitative analysis, the scores of awareness and optimal performance of individuals in waste management were 53.6% and 72%, respectively. Also, 46.6% and 28% of the participants obtained unfavorable scores on knowledge and practice in waste management, respectively. People's knowledge about the management of waste produced in hairdressers had a significant relationship with gender, history of health education, history of health crimes, education and performance of people about the management of waste produced in hairdressers with gender and history of health education. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and practice with other variables.
Conclusion: Barbershop is a place where paying attention to environmental health is effective in promoting community health and disease control. Ignoring this issue can lead to the spread of various diseases. In general, the results of this study showed that the level of awareness is effective in the performance of barbers regarding the management of waste production. Additionally, health education was known effective in the level of awareness and performance of hairdressers in this field, so the improtant roles of these variables should taken into consideration.
Mohsen Ansari, Mahdi Farzadkia,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Today, the issue of health aspects in urban waste management, especially recycling, has received a lot of attention during Covid-19 around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of workers of one of the waste recycling centers in Tehran metropolis regarding health aspects during the spread of Covid-19.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study and the study population was all workers working in one of the recycling centers of Tehran Municipality. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability in four sections: demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice of workers toward Covid-19 and solid waste.
Results: Findings of the study showed that the highest number of workers employed were in the age group of 20 to 40 years (60 percent). The level of knowledge was about 80 percent and the lack of awareness was 20 percent. The level of workers' positive attitude, negative attitude, and lack of attitude were 79.71, 14.56, and 5.72 percent, respectively. The level of positive practice among workers was about 67.43 percent and the negative practice was 32.57 percent.
Conclusion: The results clarified that in order to succeed in waste management programs in recycling centers, municipal waste managers should pay more attention to educational aspects, especially through the focus on programs and their development and adaptation for different age groups, especially 20 to 40 years.
Mobina Nadem Souraki, Fatemeh Nejatzadeh, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The current research aimed to evaluate the level of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance of the citizens of Mazandaran province in 2021.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, the level of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance of the citizens of Mazandaran province were evaluated. The statistical population of the research (384 people) was selected by simple random method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire whose reliability was determined in previous studies was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Using Pearson's correlation test, the relationship between knowledge and environmental performance was analyzed.
Results: Among the 384 participants, only 135 answered all the questions. The results of the study showed that, despite the average knowledge of the citizens, the environmental performance is at a good level. The average score of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance was 5.93±2.06, 47.67±9.30, and 58.70±12.69 respectively, and the most source of obtaining environmental information is television (46.7 percent) and social conversations (19.3 percent). The results of Pearson's correlation test show that there was a significant relationship between the awareness and environmental performance of citizens (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Despite the average knowledge of the citizens, their environmental performance was at a good level, but according to several reports, the Mazandaran province's environmental indicators are not in good condition, which indicates that probably mechanisms and other factors such as environmental policies and economic factors also affect people's environmental performance, which should be investigated.
Ensiyeh Norozi, Farideh Fathinejad, Fatemeh Salmani, Parisa Sadighara, Tayebeh Zeinali,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference in knowledge, attitude, and performance in terms of food hygiene and safety between people with and without a history of Covid-19.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 712 people from August to September 2021 using a standard online questionnaire. The questionnaire had four sections, the first section includes demographic information, the second section includes seven questions related to participants' knowledge about food hygiene and safety, the third section includes ten questions about participants' attitudes, and the fourth section contains 10 questions related to participants' health performance. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the main predictors of knowledge, attitude, and performance. The significance level was considered as p < 0.05.
Results: There were 271 (43%) people with a history of infection and 361 (57%) without infection. Demographic factors were not significantly different between people with and without a history of infection. The results of the present study showed that knowledge (p=0.05) and people's performance (p=0.002) about food hygiene and safety have a significant relationship with the history of corona infection. However, people's attitude was not affected by the corona infection (p=0.17). Attitude was the major predictor of performance (p <0.001).
Conclusion: It can be claimed that contracting Corona has increased people's knowledge and improved performance regarding food hygiene and safety during the Covid-19 pandemic and has improved health conditions.
