Showing 17 results for River
P Nassiri, M Monazam Esmaeelpour, A Rahimi Foroushani, H Ebrahimi, Y Salimi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2009)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Noise in large cities is considered by the World Health Organization to be the third most hazardous type of pollution. Buses are an interesting object of study in the theme of noise pollution. They are at the same time a source of urban environmental (traffic) noise and occupational noise exposure source for drivers. The object of this study is Occupational noise exposure evaluation in drivers of bus transportation of Tehran city.
Materials and Methods: Noise levels in 90 buses were sampled in three separate sub-sample including (1)30 Ikaroos buses (2)30 Man buses (3)30 Shahab buses, which were selected by simple random sampling. Noise exposure level was normalized to a nominal 8-h working day (LEX, 8h). Simultaneous Octave Frequency Analysis were measured and sound intensity level (SIL) for bus drivers were calculated. Results, which are obtained from separate buses were compared together and too with standard levels.
Results: the normalized noise exposure levels (LEX, 8h) in Ikaroos bus drivers(82dB A) were higher than that of in in Man bus drivers (77/6dB A) and this Values were higher than that of in Shahab bus drivers(75dB A).SIL values for Ikaroos bus drivers were higher than other that of other bus drivers. Results obtained of Frequency Analysis showed that age of buses in mid frequencies ws a meaningful on noise increase.
Conclusion: Results showed that type and age of buses were effective factors in drivers. noise exposure levels (LEX, 8h), which was consistent with previous studies in this field.
R Dehghanzadeh, H Aslani, B Afshar Forugh Shams, B Ghoraishi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (7-2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Shortage of available water resource and deficiency of rainfall, increasing in population growth and industrial development, suitable use of water resources and pollution prevention is an essential issue in accord with sustainable development and environmental protection. Present study shows the qualitative status ofMehran River and determines its pollution or non pollution tomunicipal wastewater and to assess qualitative characteristics of the water according to international water quality index.
Materials and Methods:Padding strand of MEHRAN River from source to end has been done for wistful determination of branches, runoff and wastewater entrances, etc. Necessary decisions were made for determining sampling points and critical and effective points on water quality then water samples were analyzed to determine chemical and microbiological characteristics.
Results: Results showed the average of BOD5, COD, TSS, NO3, DO, pH, Turbidity and color are about 80±30, 155±58, 1013±637, 7.3±2, 4.5±3.5 mg/l, 7.2 ±1, 385±238 NTU, 122±70 TCU respectively.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the Mehran River is completely polluted with municipal sewage and is unsanitary.Water quality index varies in the range of 41-52 and the water is classified as number 4. At present the river is in a dangerous ore toxic state and could not be considered as drinking water resource or needs more advanced water treatment units.
R Noori, F Jafari, D Forman Asgharzadeh, A Akbarzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: The Atrak River is an important water supply resource in the Razavi Khorasan, Northern Khorasan and Golestan provinces. This river is the line border of Iran and Turkistan countries. Unfortunately, lack of water quality and quantity data due to nonexistence of a proper surface water quality monitoring station network is one of the main problems for water quality evaluation in the Atrak River. The main objective of the research is to offer a proper framework for surface water quality evaluation regarding to the mentioned limitations.
Materials and Method: In the first step, proper surface water quality monitoring stations along Atrak River are selected and water quality conditions are indicated using water quality index (WQI) model. The second step is allocated for determining trophic states of the river. Finally, the river water quality modeling is carried out for one of the most important index of water quality in the Atrak River i.e. total dissolved solids (TDS) based on proposed method by Oconnor (1976).
Result: Results of WQI model showed that most of the stations were in the moderate class. The result also showed that most parts of this river had trophic condition. Finally, based on findings of O'Conor model it is demonstrated that the salinity status observed in these four stations originated from the base flow and therefore, salinity is affected by the natural sources.
Conclusion: This methodology in the research can be used in rivers which don't have the proper surface water quality monitoring stations and therefore encountered with lack of water quality data. It can provide the proper strategy and management tasks to reach the good water quality conditions.
Ali Khavanin, Ramezan Mirzaee, Maryam Safari, Ardalan Soleimanian,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: city bus drivers, during driving, are always exposed to the whole body
vibration. This can lead to central- neural, musculoskeletal, and blood
circulation disorders and develop occupational diseases due to vibration. The
objective of this descriptive- analytic study is to investigate Tehran bus drivers&apos
exposure to the whole body vibration.
Materials and Methods: We measured parameters related to the whole body vibration, such as
acceleration of the frequency weighted root sum of squares, the overall
equivalent acceleration, vibration dose value, and crest factor were measured
separately at three directions (X, Y, Z) in 80 buses in 5 different types,
which were selected randomly. The results obtained were compared with ISO 2631:
1997 Standard, and finally permitted driving time was calculated for different
buses.
Results: Acceleration
of the frequency weighted root mean of squares at X, Y axes in all of the buses
was below the district of health warning and at Z axis, it was in the district
of health warning, while the overall equivalent acceleration in Icarus buses
was above the district of health warning and in other buses it was in the
district of health warning according to standard ISO 2631: 1997. Vibration dose
value (VDV) was less than 8.5 and crest factor was less than 9 and in all of
the buses, it was less than the suggested permitted limits of ISO 2631: 1997 standard.
Moreover, permitted driving time was estimated less than 8 hours per day and
Icarus buses had the most and Man buses had the least vibration acceleration,
crest factor, and vibration dose value respectively.
Conclusion: According
to the results obtained, there is the possibility of developing potential
health risks in bus drivers therefore, it is recommended that the health and
safe managers consider decrease of working hours and increase of rest time
while purchasing new buses.
Hossein Banejad, Mahsa Kamali, Kimia Amirmoradi , Ehsan Olyaie,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rivers are the most important resources supplying drinking, agricultural, and industrial water demand. Their quality fluctuates frequently due to crossing from different regions and beds as well as their direct relationship with their peripheral environments. Thus, it is essential to be considered the surveying and predicating changes in the water qualitative parameters in a river. In this study, in order to estimate some of the qualitative parameters (Total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and sodium absorption rate) for Tehran Jajroud and Kermanshah Gharasu rivers, we used wavelet-artificial neural network (W-ANN) hybrid model during a statistical period of 24 years. Methods: We compared W-ANN model with ANN model in order to evaluate its capability in detecting signals and separating error signals for estimating water quality parameters of the abovementioned rivers. The evaluation of both models was performed by the statistical criteria including correlation coefficient, the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NS), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE). Results: The results showed that the optimized W-ANN with correlation coefficient of 0.9 has high capability to estimate SAR parameter in the stations studied. Moreover, we found that W-ANN had less error and higher accuracy in the case of EC and TDS parameters rather than ANN model. Conclusion: W-ANN proved high efficiency in forecasting of the water quality parameters of rivers, therefore, it can be used for decision making and assurance of monitoring results and optimizing the monitoring costs.
A.a Babaei, Z Nazari, E Ahmadpour, M Hosseinzadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: alkylphenol poly ethoxylates (APnEOs) and their metabolites enter environment through discharging wastewater and are of particular concern due to their persistence, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and a potential endocrine disruptor. In this work, we focused on the determination of nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEOs) in sediment samples collected from Karun River, Khoozestan Plain, Iran. Materials and Methods: Sample collection of Karun River sediment was carried out on rainy and dry seasons from 10 hydrometric stations. The sediment samples were prepared and extracted using solid phase extraction procedure and were analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Results: We found that NP and NPnEOs concentrations in sediment samples of Karun River were 0.21-2.43 and 0.18-0.91 µg/g respectively. This study revealed that NP concentration in sediment samples of Karun River was higher than the other alkyphenolic metabolites. Conclusion: The results indicated accumulation of endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs) in the Karun river sediments. The results showed significant difference between mean concentrations of these compounds in the upstream and downstream stations of Ahwaz Megacity (p-value<0.05).
T Rajaee, R Rahimi Benmaran, H Jafari,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The prediction and quality control of the Karaj River water, as one of the important needed water supply sources of Tehran, possesses great importance. In this study, performance of artificial neural network (ANN), combined wavelet-neural network (WANN), and multi linear regression (MLR) models were evaluated to predict next month nitrate and dissolved oxygen of “Pole Khab” station located in Karaj River. Materials and Methods: A statistical period of 11 years was used for the input of the models. In combined WANN model, the real monthly-observed time series of river discharge (Q) and the quality parameters (nitrate and dissolved oxygen) were analyzed using wavelet analyzer. Then, their completely effective time series were used as ANN input. In addition, the ability of all three models were investigated in order to predict the peak points of time-series that have great importance. The capability of the models was evaluated by coefficient of efficiency (E) and the root mean square error (RMSE). Results: The research findings indicated that the accuracy and the ability of hybrid model of wavelet neural network with the attitude of elimniations of time series noise had beeb better than the other two modes so that hybrid model of Wavelet artificial neural network wase able the improve the rate of RMSE for Nitrate ions in comparison with neural network and multiple linear regression models respectively, amounting to 35.6% and 75.92%, for Dissolved Oxygen ion as much as 40.57% and 60.13%. Conclusion: owing of the high capability wavelet neural network and the elimination of the time series noises in the prediction of quality parameters of river’s water, this model can be convenient and fast way to be proposed for management of water quality resources and assursnce from water quality monitoring results and reduction its costs.
H Malvandi, N Hassanzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals contaminations are readily bioaccumulated in aquatic systems and lead to increased concentrations in food chains, posing a serious threat to human health, water-related organisms and aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of the present study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in surface sediments of CheshmehKile River, to evaluate environmental and ecological risk and to determine the degree of contamination of the elements studied.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 samples of surface sediment were collected from the CheshmehKile River. The heavy metals content of the samples was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. According to the content of heavy metals in sediment samples, environmental and ecological risk indices were calculated. Also, river contamination was evaluated by comparing the elements studied values with the sediment quality guidelines values.
Results: The mean concentration of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and arsenic were 41.27, 356.35, 16756.32, 9.17, 11.87, 41.24 and 24.60 µg/g, respectively. Based on the values of the CF and Igeo indices, all of the elements, with the exception of arsenic, showed a low degree of contamination. The indices of Eir and RI also showed the lowest ecological risk at all stations.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the surface sediments of CheshmeKile River in Mazandaran province were somewhat contaminated with arsenic. However, fortunately, the river sediments were of good quality from the point of view of the content of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc.
S Mortazavi, M Hatami-Manesh, F Joudaki,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Considering the toxicity, health and ecological hazards of heavy metals in the environment and the impact on organisms, it looks essential to measure and evaluate their concentrations at the various levels in indigineous ecological strctures. The present study evaluated the concentration of Lead, Nickel, Copper and Zinc and their ecological risk assessment in surface sediments of Sezar River in Lorestan province.
Materials and Methods: 16 stations along the Sezar River were selected for sampling. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined by Atomic absorbtion.
Results: The average total concentration of the detected metals Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb in the sediment was 71.84 > 40.56> 7.75 > 5.61 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the evaluation of the Potential acute toxicity, ecological risk, and Pollution Load Index represented a low pollution in the sediments. The environmental risk of the metals in the sediment was evaluated as: Ni> Pb> Cu> Zn. The findings showed that among metals, the contamination factor and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) for nickel was moderate and in the mediun to severe pollution level to the contamination, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that Potential acute toxicity, pollution and ecological risk in the region for investigated metals were low. However, a rapid expansion of various human activities in the area and the pollution of nickel in the river along with the probability of its biological effects require continuous monitoring of the river in order to assess the health risk and its ecological risk.
Mohammad Gholizadeh, Omid Heydari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increased untreated wastewater and unsustainable development of agriculture has deteriorated water quality of rivers. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of water in Gorganrud River basin using NSFWQI IRWQISC and Liou Pollution Index and compare them with the global standards. To do this, GIS software.was used
Materials and Methods: In this study, 5 sampling stations were selected based on standard criteria including land use type, accessibility and standard distributions along the river. 12 water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, organic phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity in river for one year were measured from June 2019 to May 2019 follwoing standard methods.
Results: The amount of phosphate and turbidity was increased along the river from station 2 to the mouth of the river. This was due to the presence of agricultural and municipal sewage. There was a significant difference in BOD, fecal coliforms and nitrates with those of the standard values. Water quality indicators showed the great effects of urban wastewater and human waste in the river area. The best quality was observed in Station 1 (75; Good Quality), which was less exposed to human activity and development. Based on the conformity of the results of the indicators with the terrestrial reality, the results of the IRWQIsc index (Iranian surface water quality) showed the best results due to compatibility to the land uses and the trend of variables.
Conclusion: The presence of urban sewage and unsustainable agricultural in the city of Gonbad Kavous is the most important reason for the decline in water quality (poor quality class). In this regard, a comprehensive management in water resources and environmental impact assessment is needed.
Omid Lahijani, Meisam Rastegari Mehr, Ata Shakeri, Mina Yeganeh Far,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals contamination, particularly in aquatic environments, is an important concern. Since Mahbad river is the source for supplying drinking water to the city and the dam established on it is used for catching fish and sale in the market, heavy metals concentrations in the sediments of Mahabad River and the Dam, and the possible health risk of the fish consumption were investigated.
Materials and Methods: Sediment samples from 21 sites in Mahabad dam, and river, and 16 fish samples (Sander lucioperca and bramis brama species) were collected. After preparation, the samples were analyzed using ICP-MS method. For data analysis, enrichment factor (EF), potential ecological risk index (RI), health risk indices, principal component analysis (PCA) and Mann-Whitney test were used.
Results: The EF and RI values of the studied heavy metals in the sediments were low. The max concentrations of lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and manganese were 36, 162, 74, 22.8 and 3221 mg/kg, respectively. This was more obvious in the samples taken from the downstream of the dam. However, accumulation of the heavy metals in fish tissues resulted in high values for total hazard quotients (THQ), particularly for As (1.19); high hazard index (above 1); and high estimated daily intake (EDI) for copper (1.64) in the study area.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the conditions for elements’ mobility and bioavailability was suitable in the river and Mahabad Dam. Therefore, assessing the mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the sediments of the region, and measurement and continuous monitoring of the heavy metals concentrations in the water, sediment and fish of the study area are needed.
Mina Yeganeh Far, Ata Shakeri, Meisam Rastegari Mehr, Omid Lahijani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Microplastics (MPs) pollution are considered as a major growing global environmental problem in the past few decades. Dams could be an important reservoir for microplastics accumulation, therefore, in this study the presence of microplastics in sediments of Taleqan Dam and its upstream river was investigated in order to: 1) determine the local status of microplastic pollution and 2) determine the abundance and characteristics of the identified microplastics.
Materials and Methods: Sediment sampling was performed at 15 stations in the upstream of the river and the dam reservoir. After the sample preparation, separation method based on density difference was used for separation of the microplastics from the sediment, and stereo microscope and SEM-EDX were used for counting microplastics and investigation of their characteristics.
Results: Based on the results, maximum of the counted microplastic particles were observed in Taleqan City area with 2050 particles/300 g and minimum number was observed in the dam reservoir with 478 particles/300 g of sediment. The dominant shape, color, and size of the counted particles were polyhedral, colorless (transparent), and 100-250 μm, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that the concentration of microplastics in the stations near the urban and rural areas were higher due to the entry of sewage and the release of municipal solid wastes. Also, their concentrations were high in the stations close to the dock area of the dam due to the greater traffic of the locals and tourists and dumping of wastes in the shoreline of the lake.
Mohammad Gholizadeh, Mohammad Zibaei,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Surface water is usually highly variable in chemical composition due to contact with different geological formationsand other surface and groundwater resources. Knowledge on water quality and the impact of human activities are particularly important for sustainable management and planning of water resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and hydrochemical quality of Chehelchai river water in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 6 sampling stations were selected based on standard criteria including land use type, accessibility and standard distributions along the river in 2018. 10 river water quality parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total soluble solids, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium - were measured according to standard methods for one year period. Piper, Schuler, Durov, Wilcox and Gibbs diagrams were applied for hydrochemical analysis using RockWorks.17 software. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: Results indicated the abundance of major ions was found in the order of HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+. The river water type was predominantly determined as calcic bicarbonate. The findings revealed that the water of the study area is acceptable for drinking purpose based on Schuler diagram and also appropriate for agricultural uses considering Wilcox diagram (80% of the samples in class S1-C3 (saline - usable for agriculture)) and the average sodium uptake ratio (0.79).
Conclusion: The presence of dolomite ores, the absence of factories and domestic sewage and adhering to hygiene regulations by the residents, are the main reasons which have increased the quality of Chehelchai river water.
Samane Zeraatkari, Ata Shakeri, Meisam Rastegari Mehr,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Due to the importance of Mordab river, the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in sediments and part of Caspian sea coast, mostly affected by the Mordab river, were evaluated. Additionally, considering the possibility of heavy metals release from sediments to water column and transfer to crops, the health risk of rice consumption in the region was assessed.
Materials and Methods: 21 sediments samples and 4 rice samples from paddy fields along the Mordab River were collected. Heavy metal contents of the samples were measured using ICP-MS. Data analysis was performed using enrichment factor (EF), ecological risk index (RI), health risk index, principal component analysis (PCA) and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The maximum concentrations of elements was higher in coastal sediments than the Mordab River. The results showed low to moderate risk of elements in most stations except for two coastal stations which exhibited considerable risk of contamination with regard to Cr. Principal component analysis categorized the elements into three components of different origin. Moreover, the estimation of weekly intake of elements through rice consumption were less than their permissible concentration set by World Health Organization.
Conclusion: The concentration of chromium in sediments, especially coastal sediments, is high, which may be partly due to the concentration of heavy minerals (chromium) in this fraction. Therefore, the origin of elements, particularly chromium, should be determined through sequential extraction methods. On the other hand, despite the pollution of river sediments and high consumption of rice among the residents of the study area, there is no danger to rice consumers in terms of heavy metals.
Reza Kheiri Soltan Ahmadi, Habib Nazarnejad, Farrokh Asadzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: With the industrialization of communities, population increase and use of surface water, river pollution has been increased by agricultural, industrial pollutants and urban wastewater. Therefore, investigation of river pollution for regional and environmental planning is of great importance. To evaluate surface water pollution, a number of surface water quality indices have been investigated.
Materials and Methods: Iran water quality index for surface water resources (IRWQISC) approach was used to evaluate the water quality of the Mahabadchai river, Iran. Sampling was carried out along the Mahabadchai river based on some criteria such as approximately to drainage areas for landfills/domestic and agricultural effluents.
Results: Pearson correlation coefficient between physical, chemical and microbial parameters of water showed that fecal coliform, BOD, COD, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, turbidity and total hardness had a significant positive relationship with each other at 99% confidence. According to this index, upstream samples of the river are classified as good, mid-stations relatively good to moderate category, and downstream samples of the river are classified as relatively bad.
Conclusion: Based on the relationship between each variable, fecal coliform, BOD, COD, ammonium, and turbidity were more effective in determining the IRWQISC. Most of the examined variables showed low concentrations in upstream areas of the river while their concentration gradually increased along the river to downstream areas, especially close to urban and industrial districts.
Houshang Ghamarnia, Meisam Palash, Zoleikha Palash,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Increasing the productivity of surface water, the unsustainable development of agriculture in the boundaries of rivers, and human sewage have reduced the quality of these water resources. Therefore, investigating the amount of pollution and its sources is very necessary for regional planning. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Golin River using WQI and Liou indexes.
Materials and Methods: Sampling of Golin river water was performed to check water quality based on (WQI) and (Liou) indices in Najjar village station for one year from April 2019 to March 2020.
Results: Water quality, according to the Liou index, during the research period in the sampling station in September and March, was in a good category and other months were slightly polluted. According to the results of the WQI index, water quality in September and March were in the excellent descriptive category, with values of 47.82 and 49.74, respectively, but in other months it was in a good category. In September and March, water quality improved compared to other months because of lower BOD5 due to reduced agricultural activities, and both indicators showed these quality changes well.
Conclusion: Due to the lack of stable conditions in water quality affected by seasonal changes and its departure from the category of high-quality water according to the results of the WQI index and also a little water pollution according to the Liou index, the direct use of Golin River water for drinking purposes is recommended and for this purpose, regular purification should be done and accurate and continuous evaluations of water quality in Golin River are necessary.
Fatemeh Kakouei Dinaki, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Bahareh Lorestani, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Atefeh Chamani,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Monitoring and remediation of metal contaminants in aquatic ecosystems is of particular importance to estimate, control, and reduce the level of threats to alive creatures and humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate metal contamination of surface sediments and the ability to monitor and bioremediation of iron, lead, and copper by aerial and underground tissues of Typha Latifolia and Nasturtium microphyllum located along the aquatic ecosystem of the Lar River, Tehran, Iran in 2021.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, after selecting four sampling sites, 48 plant samples and 12 sediment samples were collected. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples in the laboratory, the contents of the elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Also, pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), bioconcentration coefficient (BCF), bioaccumulation (BAF), and translocation factor (TF) were calculated. Statistical analyses of the results were performed using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The highest values of Fe, Pb, and Cu (mg/kg) in sediment samples were 11.8 ± 0.665, 0.915 ± 0.030, and 0.710 ± 0.026, respectively, and belonged to station 4; and in plant tissues 11.4 ± 1.25, 0.578 ± 0.180, and 0.298 ± 0.095, respectively, and were belonged to the roots of T. Latifolia. The PI values showed that the pollution of Fe, Pb, and Cu was "low" and the average PI values for the elements followed the descending order of Pb > Cu > Fe. The average values of PLI also vary from 0.003 to 0.006, indicating the quality conditions of "no pollution" in all the studied stations. On the other hand, T. Latifolia had a BCF > 1 and TF < 1 for Fe.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that T. Latifolia is a suitable species for stabilizing Fe in sediments and could be used to monitor and remediate potentially toxic elements from polluted aquatic ecosystems.
