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Showing 6 results for Sari
Study of the Pollution Condition of Swimming Pools in Sari City for the Staphylococcus aureus 
Z Yousefi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (11-2009)
Abstract

Backgrounds and Objectives: Swimming pools water if not disinfected properly can be one of the infection sources of different microorganisms such as staphylococcus. This study is to aware the authorities and users about the conditions existed in sheltered swimming pools in Sari and to believe the contamination of the water there, related to the existence of staphylococcus aureus.

Materials and Method: In this descriptive study 32 specimens collected randomly from 15 swimming pools in action during three months from 60 cm deep under specific conditions in sterile containers and taken to the laboratory of health college in 2 hrs and were analyzed for the contamination from staphylococcus aureus and some other parameters like temperature, pH, chlorine residual and opacity on the basis of microbiological and standard methods.

Result: Results showed an average temperature of 27.08 degree Celsius, PH=7.6, average chlorine residual 1 mil/l and opacity average was 77 NTU % and the highest contamination from staphylococcus aureus (29.3 %) in C and the lowest (10.19 %) was observed in D swimming pool. Furthermore this analysis showed that in 90% of specimens there was a direct relationship between the ratio of chlorine residual, times of swimming, water temperature and the number of staphylococcus.

Conclusion: Swimming pools water if not disinfected properly can be one of the infection sources of different microorganisms such as staphylococcus. Some suggestions inorder to optimization of the swimming pools condition presented in this paper.


Removal of High Concentration of Phenol from Synthetic Solutions by Fusarium Culmorum Granules
R Khosravi, G.r Moussavi, Sh. Roudbar Mohammadi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Effluent generated in several industries contains phenolic compounds, which have been classified as priority pollutants. Due to its toxicity, the conventional systems are inefficient for treatment of phenol-Laden wastewater. Biological processes using pure microbial culture, including fungi and yeast, are environmentally friendly techniques capable of complete destruction of contaminants.
Materials and Methods: This work was aimed at investigating the efficiency of a fungi specie in the decomposition of high concentrations of phenol ranging from 500 to 20000 mg/L. Several batch reactors were operated at different phenol concentration. The concentration of residual phenol was monitored over time using colorimetric method 4-aminoantipyrine. The removal efficiency was calculated considering the initial phenol concentration.
Results: Experimental data indicated that the phenol could efficiently degrade using the selected culture. The developed granules could completely degrade phenol at concentrations up to 20000 mg/L.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the experimental data that the biodegradation using the Fungi granules is a very efficient and thus promising technique for treatment of wastewaters containing phenolic compounds.


The Investigation and Comparison of Furfural Removal from Wastewater using Cyclic Biological Reactor (CBR) and Fusarium Culmorum Granules
Mostafa Leili, Gholamreza Moussavi, Kazem Nadafi, Rasoul Khosravi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Furfural with a chemical formula of C5H4O2 is a toxic and hazardous substance for human and environment. Furfural and its derivatives such as furfuryl alcohol, alone or in combination with phenol, acetone or urea are used mainly in the production of resin. The second major application of furfural is in the production of solvents such furan and tetrafuran frequently used as a selective solvent in the production, treatment, and refining lubricants from petroleum products. A few studies have recently been done in terms of removal or recovery of furfural. Due to advantages of biological methods, the uses of theses environmentally friendly methods are being investigated in this study.
Materials and Methods: We used cyclic biological reactor (CBR) and Fusarium culmorum granules to biologically degrade different concentration of furfural and equivalent of COD under different operating conditions. The analysis was based on the measurement of furfural degradation efficiency during operational period using spectrophotometer and measuring influent and effluent COD variations using a closed reflux method.
Results: cyclic biological reactor was operated in various flow rate (Q) of furfural-containing wastewater for a different period. For all of the flow rate used, furfural degradation and COD removal efficiency was over 99 and 90 percent respectively. Fusarium culmorum granules were also exposed to different concentrations of furfural at different incubation temperatures showing high furfural removal capacity. Conclusion: Under different operating conditions of biological systems, high removal efficiency of furfural was observed, but CBR in comparison with Fusarium culmorum granules reached the optimum and desired removal efficiency in shorter time. Therefore, these systems can be developed and replaced with chemical methods to treat furfural containing wastewater.
Assessment of Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in Raw and Pasteurized Milks of Sari City in the Summer of 2014
Mh Dehghani, B Akbarpour, M Salari, A Poursheykhani, H Rasoulzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Milk is a full meal that can provide an appropriate growing environment for different bacteria. Hence, it can be hazardous to human health in unpasteurized conditions. The present study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milks of Sari City in the summer of 2014.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 2014 in the city of Sari. Totally, 160 samples- each 200 mL of raw milk were collected from collection and distribution centers (80 samples) of raw milk, and pasteurized milk from food stores (80 samples). Under aseptic conditions, confirmatory tests were carried out in Chapman and Blood agar media. Antibiogram test was performed for positive samples. Results were analyzed using SPSS (Ver. 19) software through the t-test descriptive statistical analysis.

Results: The results showed that 38.75% of 80 samples of raw milk collected were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, while no contamination was observed in pasteurized milk samples. The average number of colony formation of raw milk was estimated to be within 3×104 to 7×104 Cfu/mL. Maximum sensitivity was found against vancomycin, gentamicin, and Co-trimoxazole antibiotics and the maximum resistance was observed  against ampicillin, methicillin and cephalotin antibiotics with of 87.5, 25, and 12.5%, respectively.

Conclusion: The raw milk showed the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, compliance with and control of sanitation at different steps of preparation, supplying and consumption of milk can prevent the human infection with this type of contamination.


Evaluation of two remediation techniques for the removal of silica from contaminated soil, Azandarian region, Iran
Arash Babaei, Maryam Bahrami, Masoomeh Maleki, Hadis Tavafi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract 
Background and Objective: Bioremediation and one of its main branches, namely phytoremediation, is one of the most important and basic processes for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Due to the large number of silica factories in Azandarian area of ​​Malayer city and high soil silica pollution in this area, this study was conducted to compare the bioremediation effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Portulace olerace.L phytoremediation on silica uptake.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, portulaca oleracea was cultivated in greenhouse conditions and different concentrations of silica and under the treatment of fungi in a completely random statistical design. For this purpose, portulaca oleracea cultivation was carried out under greenhouse conditions, fungal treatment and in different concentrations of silica in a completely randomized manner.
Results: The results showed that the fungus grew easily at high speed at 95% concentration of silica and was able to absorb 84.50% of the silica in the soil and the plant was able to absorb 80% of silica, the highest absorption rate of 69.71% and the highest rate of silica uptake in plant and fungus coexistence is 80% silica and 69.90%. The results showed that the fungus grew easily in the presence of silica with 95% concentration and could absorb 84.50% of silica in the soil. In the presence of 80% silica, the plant demonstrated the highest adsorption rate of 61.71%. The highest rate of silica uptake (69.90%) was reached at the 80% initial concentration of silica under the coexistence activities of plant and fungi.
Conclusion: In conclusion, silica exhibited a positive and significant effect on the physiological traits of Portulaca oleracea and also increased the amount of phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The coexistence of fungi and plants also increased the mentioned physiological traits in Portulaca oleracea. Also, the coexistence of plants and fungi showed a positive effect on silica adsorption, which can be effective in reducing silica contamination in the region.

Evaluation of environmental health measures related to corona disease in dental offices of Sari in 2021
Zabihollah Yousefi, Adel Naderi, Seyed Noureddin Mousavi Nasab, Samaneh Dehghan,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The high risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection in dental centers is a serious problem for doctors and patients. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental health measures related to corona disease in the dental offices of Sari city during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021.
Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive and cross-sectional, and the tool used in it is a researcher-made questionnaire collected with the cooperation of the personnel working in 100 active dental service centers in Sari. to determine content validity, two qualitative and quantitative -qualitative methods were used. The qualitative content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 8 environmental health experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software V. 25.
Results: Based on the results of this study, personal protective equipment was used continuously in 100% of the centers. In 93% of the centers, sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde were used to disinfect the equipment, and in 94% of the cases, the frequency of disinfection of the equipment was after each patient. Disinfection of toilets was done daily in 62% of the centers and every two days in the rest. In 72% of the examined dental centers, had no local hood installed or turned on above the units, but in 92% of the offices, there was proper ventilation of public spaces. In addition, according to the results, in 99% of clinics, waste management was carried out in accordance with national laws and regulations and based on the rules and methods of the executive management of medical waste and related waste and related instructions, and also in 100% of clinics, water consumption was healthy and desirable.
Conclusion: Overall, environmental health measures in dental offices were at an optimal level in most cases and in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Health. Not installing a hood or not turning it on above the units and improper ventilation of the dentist's office were the most critical problems of the centers, which need to be given more attention and corrective measures should be taken according to the instructions of the Ministry of Health.
 

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