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Showing 4 results for Street Dust
Spatial Variability Analysis of Heavy Metals in Street Dusts of Kashan City
Q Moradi, R Mirzaei,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Street dust is consisting of solid particles with complex compositions which can be an appropriate indicator to determine urban environmental contamination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine spatial patterns and heavy metals contamination in the street dusts of Kashan.   

Materials and Methods: A total of 48 urban street dust samples were collected and total concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Cd were determined in the dust samples. The geoaccumulation index was applied to assess heavy metals contamination. In addition, the spatial patterns of heavy metals concentrations in the street dust were determined using GIS.

Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Cu in the street dust samples were 237.21, 0.43, 37.12, 16589.77, 13.62, 45.18 and 45.58 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than their local background values. Based on geoaccumulation index, the heavy metals in the street dust were in the following decreasing order: Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd > Cr.  According to the spatial analysis results, higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed in the city center and Kashan-Qom highway; whereas, lower concentrations were found in the residential regions.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it seems the high concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu and to a lesser extent Fe and Cd concentrations in the dust samples was derived from anthropogenic activities; whereas the concentration of Cr and Ni has been mostly affected by natural sources. The high concentrations of heavy metals in the street dusts of Kashan could be attributed to vehicle emissions and industrial activities.


Assessment of the metals and metalloids level in street dust of the east and west of Tehran
S Mazloomi, A Esmaeili - Sari, N Bahramifar, M Moeinaddini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is considered as one of the important sources of particulate matters and heavy metals in the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to assess the heavy metals pollution in street dust of Tehran and evaluate their ecological risk.
Materials and Methods: The sampling of street dust was carried out in two areas at the east and west of Tehran. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The pollution level of heavy metals in the street dust was assessed using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk index (RI).
Results: The results of the calculations of the indices showed that the street dust in both studied areas was non-polluted with Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr and Ba. The origin of these elements was mainly natural sources. However, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Sn and Pb had medium to high level of contamination. These elements had a very high to extremely high enrichment in both areas. Their origin was mainly anthropogenic sources. The ecological risk index indicated a moderate ecological risk for the east and a low ecological risk for the west area.
Conclusion: The higher level of lead in the East is the main reason of higher ecological risk of this area. Therefore, the heavy metals pollution of the street dust, especially lead and its enterance into the environment, should be considered in this area.
 

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust in Abadan
N Ghanavati,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate risk of heavy metals on human health including (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, V, As and Co) in street dusts in Abadan.
Materials and Methods: 30 dust samples were collected from sidewalks of main streets of Abadan and analyzed by inductively coupled spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method.
Results: The mean concentration of the heavy metals was as follows: Pb (59.13), Zn (287.50), Cu (112.97), Cr (50.30), Cd (0.52), Ni (56.77), V (35.83), As (10.7) and Co (7.33) (mg/kg). The concentration of all of the heavy metals, except V, in the dust samples was several times higher than the field concentration (concentration in the earth's crust). The average value of the potential ecological risk of the heavy metals V, Cr, Zn, Ni, As, Cu and Pb was low and had a low potential ecological risk. Cd had a moderate potential ecological risk. Also, based on the average value of Risk Index, the samples were at medium risk. Cumulative non-carcinogenic hazard of all the heavy metals in the street dust was higher for children than adults. This indicates that children are more at risk for heavy metals than the adults. In both age groups, Cr had the highest risk of carcinogenicity and Pb had the lowest risk.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the main source of the heavy metals in the study area is anthropogenic sources such as traffic, industrial facilities and burning of fossil fuels.
 

Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of Hg and Cu in streets dusts of Zahedan city
M Moradi Baseri, H Kamani, Sd Ashrafi, E Bazrafshan, F Kord Mostafapour,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is an important factor in urban pollution which consists of soil, particulate matters and heavy metals. At present, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate health risks of heavy metals in street dusts in Zahedan.
Materials and Methods: The samples of street dust were collected in Zahedan. After preparation, the samples, were injected to ICP-MS for determination the amount of Hg and Cu. According to the measured concentrations, Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate the health risk assessment.
Results: Results showed that Hazard quotient for both Hg and Cu was less than 1 for children and adult. HQ for Hg and Cu was in order of HQingestion >HQdermal >HQinhalation> HQvapour for adults and HQvapour > HQingestion > HQdermal > HQinhalation  for children. HI was also less than 1.
Conclusion: The value of HQ showed that inhalation of mercury vapor and ingestion were the main routes of exposure to Hg for children and adults. The non-carcinogenic risk was within the safe value (HI <1) in this study.
 

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