Mr Samarghandi, Ar Rahmani, Z Darabi, J Mehralipour,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Electroproxone process is a combination of ozonation process and electrolysis in which the production of hydroxyl radical and ultimately degradation of a pollutant occurs. The aim of this study was to estimate the E-Proxone process in removing ceftriaxone from a synthetic solution.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a semi-continuous reactor equipped with four graphene electrodes having 2 × 10 cm dimension and 3 mm thickness was used. The effect of pH (3-11), concentration of ozone gas (1-5 mg/min), direct electric current (1-3 A), initial concentration of ceftriaxone (5-50 mg/L) and radical scavenger dose (tertbutanol = 20 mmol/L) was studied in a 0-60 minutes reaction time. The Ceftriaxone concentration was measured by HPLC, COD was measured with spectrophotometer (DR6000) and TOC with a TOC analyzer.
Results: The results of this study indicated that this process had sufficient performance in the degradation of the antibiotic and diminishing of COD and TOC. The excellent condition was pH = 3, the electric current of 3 A, the ozone concentration of 5 mg/min, and the sodium sulfate as an electrolyte was 50 mmole/L. The ceftriaxone concentration was 5 mg/L in the duration of the 30 minutes experiment. 99.39% of the Ceftriaxone was destroyed. The process efficiency in COD and TOC removal was highest at 90 minutes. The presence of tertbutanol reduced the process efficiency to 83%.
Conclusion: The E-Proxone process, as one of the advanced oxidation processes, has the ability to reduce the pollution load of pharmaceutical industry, especially the ceftriaxone in this wastewater. This process is considered an environmentally friendly process.
Zahra Amirilagmuj, Gholamreza Moussavi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Access to safe water is critical for protecting human health. Turbidity is one of the main physical parameters that affect the quality of water from both health and aesthetical points of view. Therefore, waters should be treated based on the standards set for turbidity before consumption. This study was performed to determine the performance of a bench-scale baffled filter system for removing the turbidity, microbial population, and total organic carbon (TOC) from the contaminated water.
Materials and Methods: A lab-scale Plexiglas baffled filter consisting of five compartments with a total working volume of 2 L was designed and constructed. The polyurethane foam cubes were used as filter media. The effect of turbidity (10, 50, and 100 NTU) and surface overflow rate (SOR: 7.5, 10 and 15 m/h) was investigated on the performance of the developed system.
Results: A direct relationship between turbidity, TOC, and microbial density was observed in the inlet water. The efficiency of the baffled filter in the removal of turbidity and the period of the filter operation run both enhanced as the SOR was either decreased or the inlet turbidity was increased. In addition, almost complete removal of TOC from the inlet water was noticed.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the baffled filter system with sponge media can be a novel and effective method for the removal of turbidity, microbial contaminants and TOC from the natural surface water.
