Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

The first step in battling against prevention and control of a social phenomenon is to distinguish it completely and clearly. Designing the information system of substance abuse, with the aim of converting data into information and knowledge, consists a great share in prevention and control of addiction, but it is faced with challenges and problems which have unpleasant and inappropriate consequences on consumer abusers. Therefore, this article is written with the purpose of studying the medical ethics challenges of information system of substance abuse.
The present research is a review of studies. The needed information is gathered form Medline, Ovid, Elsevier, Google and Pubmed search engines and also from Police Information and Statistic Centre, Ministry of Health, and Medical Education, Welfare Organization and National drug Studies centre.
Substance abuse information system has several legal and ethical problems that if they occur, abusers will show no zest for receiving any consulting and medical services and also participating in epidemiological studies.
World Health Organization has provided a special framework in eight compasses including respect for human dignity, secrecy and privacy policy, to respond to the health information system.
Before arranging the schedule, designers and programmers of  substance abuse information system should provide and codify the rules, regulations and necessary instructions to clarify and determine the legal status, in order to guarantee the secrecy and privacy policy of information.

Political behaviors are a group of practices that are not essential in organizations, but can impact organizational resources and their reward systems. Employees and managers try to demonstrate political behavior to gain power. Today, most organizational behavior researchers have focused on the perception of political behaviors and how these behaviors are presented with regard to ethical considerations. Therefore, this review is aimed to study the goals, reasons, outcomes, and morality or immorality of political behaviors and power in organizations. The current paper is the result of a literature review that was conducted by using Medline, Ovid, Elsevier, Google, Pub Med, Scopus, Springer, and Cochran library search engines and through selection of 5 key words and 110 references out of which 41 references were ultimately chosen. Most political behaviors are the consequences of employees' personal differences and organizational specifications. Some employees follow moral political behaviors and the rest prefer immoral ones, although it seems difficult to establish which political behaviors are moral and which ones are not. We believe that political behaviors that are based on ethical considerations should be consistent with organizational interests. Seeing as political behaviors are a fundamental component of organizational conduct, they cannot be eliminated therefore, managers should believe in the political nature of their organizations and determine their political strategies and try to employ these strategies to the advantage of their organizations.

Emphasis on the organizational commitment of employees is a soft management technique to enhance performance and efficiency. This study aimed to determine the relationship between organizational commitment in the employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and their tendency to display non-ethical behavior.

This study was a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional research conducted on the headquarters employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2013 and 2014. A sample size of 150 employees was determined using the Cochran formula. Research tools consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire measuring non-ethical behavior, and Allen & Meyer’s Organizational Commitment Scale. The validity and reliability of both questionnaires were confirmed. The response rate was 85%. Data were collected using the SPSS software, and Pearson’s statistical methods were applied.

The average organizational commitment of the employees in this study was 62.32, which is considered as moderate. It should be added that the majority of the employees did not demonstrate a tendency for non-ethical behavior.

Although the average organizational commitment was not high in TUMS employees, it was not correlated to their non-ethical behavior tendency. It seems that the organizational commitment of TUMS employees is influenced by other factors such as supervisor and organizational ethics, which can be the subject of future studies.

It is an undeniable fact that nurses have an important role in the provision of health services. The psychological well-being of nurses is associated with an improvement in their job performance. The aim of this research was to survey the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and the psychological well-being of nurses.

This was a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 128 nurses working in hospitals of Bojnourd during 2013. The subjects were selected through availability sampling and responded to King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS software version 18.

The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and psychological well-being (P<0.01). The regression analysis showed that spiritual and moral intelligence could significantly predict 26 percent of the variance of psychological well-being (P<0.01).

Based on the positive relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and the psychological well-being of nurses, it is recommended that these factors be taken into consideration in programs designed to promote nurses’ mental health

Job stress is rather common in the nursing profession and affects many areas of nurses’ personal lives such as physical, psychological, social and family aspects. Considering the important role of nurses in the society, it is necessary to identify factors that influence their professional and domestic life, and take preventive measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of job stress on marital stress and subjective well-being of nurses.

This was a descriptive correlation research. Study population consisted of 120 nurses employed in the city of Ardabil during 2013 and 2014 selected through available sampling. To collect data, Job Stress Questionnaire (Tufts and Gary Anderson), a subjective well-being questionnaire, and Stockholm-Tehran Marital Stress Scale (STMSS) were used. Data analysis was performed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis.

The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative correlation between job stress and subjective well-being in nurses. Moreover, a positive correlation was discovered between job stress and marital stress. Additionally, regression analysis showed that nursing job stress could predict 25 percent of variance of subjective well-being, 27 percent of variance of marital stress and 29 percent of variance of empathy.

It can be concluded that due to the nature of the nursing profession, nurses’ physical, mental and personal lives are influenced by the stress of the workplace. This will in turn lead to increased marital stress and reduced subjective well-being, which may intensify the risk of developing psychological problems and marital issues in the long run.