Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

The system of Iranian medicine in the Qajar era was the continuation of the system based on the humors view. Accordingly, the incidence of most diseases was attributed to whole view of the quadruple imbalance of blood, soda, bile, phlegm. Preventive and therapeutic approaches were also carried out in the same cognitive atmosphere. The example of Smallpox disease, indicates such a view in the Qajar era. According to the findings of this research, in Qajar medical literature, the bumps of pus in the skin of is described to be hard, single or non-separated with different colors and was called as Jodri or Smallpox. In terms of cognitive aspects, physicians of Qajar era following former physicians classified Smallpox disease in terms of humor among the hot and wet diseases and described boiling of blood in the body as the cause of this disease. Exposure to this disease was through the two pathways preventive and therapeutic measures. In order to prevent the disease, the necessary orders was recommended by the physicians by “sette zarurieh” and especially avoidance of several behaviuors. In terms of therapy, along with several types of diets, different kinds of medicines was used to relieve the symptoms and complications of the disease at different body parts. This study is a review, it has been attempted to examine the nature and purpose of the descriptive and analytical method and the therapeutic approach to treating Smallpox disease in medical system of Iranian Qajar era. Required information and data have been created in a desk research.

Muslims learned how to build a hospital using the experiences of physicians from other nations, especially Iranians, by modeling at Jundishapur Hospital, and this way set up many hospitals. In addition to building a variety of hospitals, Muslims created efficient structures and organized them based on bosses, deputies, stewards, supervisors, nurses, and the like, who served in different parts of hospitals. In Islamic hospitals, male and female physicians with various specialties treated patients regardless of religion or race. Using a descriptive-analytical approach based on library information, this research seeks to answer the question of how the structure and organization of hospitals in Islamic civilization have been. Findings of the present research verify that hospitals in Islamic civilization had a well-organized and efficient structure, and various medical departments. Findings also indicate that the structure and organization of Islamic hospitals have evolved over time.