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Showing 6 results for Esmali
Confidentiality in Pharmacy Practice
Rasool Esmalipour, Pooneh Salari,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract

Confidentiality is considered as a principle commitment of all health care professionals. Respecting confidentiality creates and maintains the trust between patients and health professionals.

Patients should be assured that their information will be kept confidential unless there is a persuasive reason. Confidentiality originates from principle of patient’s autonomy, and there is no need to be requested frankly by patient.

All of the patient’s information is naturally secret unless the patient gives consent to disclosure. In this article we aimed at reviewing challenges of confidentiality in pharmacy practice in addition to presenting the national and international guidelines in this regard. The pharmacists as the last link of the treatment team are receiving a wide range of information about their patients. Therefore respecting confidentiality in pharmacy practice should be considered as a very important requirement and it seems that privacy and confidentiality is at the primary rack of ethical and legal issues in pharmacy. Obviously fundamental challenges are existent in the pharmacy which remained unsolved. In this regards all those challenges should be determined, analyzed and practiced. In the paper we introduced some challenges including challenges related to the physical environment, pharmaceutical consultation, patients confidentiality in presence of patients family, etc and presented national and international guidelines which assists in dealing with the challenges.


The Conflict of Interest in Pharmacy Practice
Rasool Esmalipour, Mojtaba Parsa,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
The conflict of interest is a situation in which professional judgment and performance in the primary interest and obligation tend to be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. Pharmacy is one of the main rings in the process of providing healthcare services. In this process conflict of interest may occur frequentlywhich occasionally has influence on the professional and moral duties of pharmacists that as a result may put the interst of the patients at risk. Taking care of patients is the first duty of pharmacist and they always must make evry effort to avoid any situations that puts the interests of the patientincluding their health, financial or non-financialposition at risk. The pharmacist must be aware of conflict of interest that exist in the drugstore as well as its effects on their professional and moral responsibilities. They also need to be able to manage them through scientific policy and logical skills. These issues and challenges may happen in terms of the relationship between the pharmacist and patients, other people or organizations, such as the relationship between doctors and pharmacists, pharmacists and pharmaceutical or non pharmaceutical companies, irrational relationship between pharmacists and patients. Although various guidelines for managing conflict of interest have been developed, there is a lack of policy on how to manage conflict of interest in pharmacy. In this study, the situations of conflict of interest and how it affects the professional relations of pharmacist with others was considered and this result was achived that the pharmacy have to be asuitable and appropriate place to give services for patients and the first priority of pharmacists must be the patients’ treatment benefits and interest
 

Designing a Structural Model for Academic Cheating in Medical Students Based on Moral Metacognition, Moral Identity, and Moral Potency
Mozaffar Ghaffari, Ahmad Esmali, Vahid Abdolmanafi, Mahtab Aligolipour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
The prevalence of academic cheating in educational centers and institutions leads to inefficiency and incapacity of graduates. Accordingly, the current study aimed to design a structural model for academic cheating in medical students based on moral metacognition, moral identity, and moral potency. This correlational study was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2022, and 350 students were selected for the study using simple random sampling method. Data were collected through the Academic Cheating Scale (ACS) (Parks-Leduc, Guay and Mulligan, 2022), Moral Metacognition Scale (McMahon and Good, 2016), Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ) (Black & Reynolds, 2016), and Moral Potency Questionnaire (Hannah and Avolio, 2010). Data were analyzed using Bootstrap, Sobel, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests via SPSS and AMOS, version 24. The results indicated that the direct effect of moral potency (-0.34), moral identity (-0.25), and moral metacognition (-0.29) was significant on estimating academic cheating in students. The indirect effect of moral identity (-1.97) and moral metacognition (-2.06) with the mediating role of moral potency on students’ academic cheating was significant. Considering the mediating effect of moral potency in the academic cheating model, it seems that moral potency plays a role in increasing the effects of moral metacognition and moral identity on reducing academic cheating.

Ethical Considerations in the Application of Stem Cell Technology in Research and Clinical Practice
Rasool Esmalipour, Narges Dastmalchi , Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
Stem cell technology and regenerative medicine are interdisciplinary fields that integrate engineering, molecular and cellular biology, and medical science to repair tissues and treat diseases using stem cell-based methods. The primary goal of this scientific field is to enhance the quality of life by replacing damaged cells and tissues with healthy ones, thereby improving injuries and disabilities. With recent advances in biomedical science and the unique potential of stem cells in treating diseases, ethical considerations surrounding this technology have become increasingly significant. Following a brief introduction to stem cell technology, this review explores ethical challenges, including the justifications for using stem cells, informed consent from patients, preservation of human dignity, and the social and cultural impacts associated with their application. As research in this field continues to expand, yielding numerous innovative findings and attracting growing interest from researchers, there has also been an increase in unproven commercial treatments that have not undergone necessary regulatory stages. The direct marketing of products in preclinical stages to consumers further underscores the importance of ethical considerations in the use of stem cells. Additionally, the unprincipled use of stem cells may lead to adverse effects, such as cancer or vascular diseases, exacerbating patients' conditions rather than improving them. The findings of this review emphasize the need to adapt existing laws and regulations to address ethical concerns and provide recommendations for enhancing ethical standards in clinical research involving stem cells. The results can serve as a guide for researchers and policymakers in addressing ethical challenges in stem cell research, ultimately improving the quality and safety of clinical research in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.

A Memorial of the Late Professor Seyed Mahmood Tabatabaei, “Tabibe Zolfonun”
Rasool Esmalipour, Seyed Mohammadali Tabatabaei,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
 This Article has no Abstract.
An Ethical Audit of Pharmaceutical Laws and Regulations in Iran
Rasool Esmalipour, Neda Mehrdad, Pooneh Salari,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Ethical challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations are among the most significant challenges for pharmacists in fulfilling their professional duties. Therefore, identifying these challenges and conducting an ethical audit is a novel and effective approach for amending related laws and regulations. The ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in providing pharmacy services were explored through conducting a qualitative content analysis study entitled "Exploring the Ethical Challenges in Providing Pharmacy Services". The identified challenges were classified into various categories, one of which was challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations. The challenges were extracted from a book entitled "Laws and Regulations of Iran’s Pharmaceutical Affairs", analyzed, and divided into three categories, including outdated laws and regulations, lack of proper implementation, and insufficient control and supervision over implementation. These rules and regulations were reviewed and analyzed in comparison with the Code of Ethics for the National Pharmaceutical System and an ethical audit was conducted. Raising awareness among officials and policymakers in the health sector, especially regarding pharmaceutical affairs, and taking necessary measures to improve laws and regulations can ultimately enhance the quality of medical and pharmaceutical services, ensuring that patients receive high-quality pharmaceutical and medical care.

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