Showing 18 results for Hosein
Zhamak Khorgami, Amir Hosein Gougol, Ahmadreza Soroush,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (19 2012)
Abstract
In recent years, a new manner has been common practice in emergency departments (EDs) of governmental hospitals in Iran, in which, of course illegally, patients are encouraged to self-discharge or refer to other EDs. This is done by giving incomplete or even false information and deceiving patients. The purpose of this study is to identify the underlying causes from the point of view of EDs' personnel to clarify the root of this burden for authorities and pave the way for more studies.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, gathering opinions via questionnaire and/or direct interview with open-ended questions. During November and December 2009, hospital managers, hospital heads, faculty members, residents in specialties involved with the ED, interns, ED nurses, and nurse supervisors were interviewed regarding the frequency of such instances in their hospital, the main violators, and its possible causes and determinants.In this study 114 persons from different groups took part. From participants' point of view, the main violators in EDs are junior residents and interns 48 (42.1%) participants pointed to junior residents and 29 (25.4%) participants found interns responsible. The estimated number of patients which were refused during a week was stated as 18.1 ± 15.6 (range between 0 to 90). Among participants remarks, the most important factors which lead staff to non-admission were high work load, overcrowding of EDs, lack of facilities, lack of any motivation or incentive for doing tough tasks, inappropriate patient transfer by city emergency system, bad policies and rules, lack of sufficient supervision from deputies, and improper work sharing between different levels.Patient non-admission and diversion through deception is a common practice among EDs of educational hospitals in Tehran. High work load and overcrowding of these centers should be considered a high priority target for interventions. Further studies are highly suggested to find appropriate solutions. In future studies, junior residents and interns should be considered as main target groups.
Somayyeh Naghizadeh, Mehdi Ebrahimpour, Azad Rahmani, Hosein Rostami, Soheila Dehgani,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2013)
Abstract
Lack of knowledge of the medical team about the regulations and laws of abortion can endanger mother’s health and also faces the medical community with serious problems. The aim of this study was assessment of knowledge and viewpoint of midwifery students in Tabriz Azad Islamic University and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences toward abortion. This study is a descriptive study which was conducted in 2013 on 300 midwifery students in Tabriz Islamic Azad University and Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. A four-part questionnaire was used for gathering data parts 1 to 4 included the personal, social, educational particulars of midwifery students and studying the students’ knowledge about the I. R. Iran’s regulations and laws regarding abortion, studying the students’ viewpoints toward legal and illegal abortion. Our study showed that 26.7% of midwifery students have proper knowledge about abortion, the knowledge of 53.7% of them was in the medium level and 19.7% of students have weak knowledge toward it. The positive viewpoint toward legal abortion was observed in 89.3% of the students and 10.7% of students had negative viewpoint. Our analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between students’ knowledge about abortion (P≤0.76), students’ viewpoint toward legal abortion (P≤0.44) and students’ viewpoint toward illegal abortion (P≤0.081). Although in our study midwifery students’ knowledge about abortion regulations was not sufficient, there is the high probability of their encountering with judicial problems. Therefore, it is recommended to raise the midwifery students’ level of knowledge about the authorized cases of abortion and regulations which may decrease the fines of criminal abortions in the future.
Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti, Hamidreza Tolide-Ie, Ali Fathi, Mehdi Hoseini, Sedigheh Gohari Bahari,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Decision making is an important part of nurses’ responsibilities in providing clinical interventions for patients. Religion is among the moral factors that affect the performance and clinical decision making of nurses. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and moral sensitivity in the decision making process among nurses.This study was a cross-sectional, analytical research that was carried out on 170 nurses working in Gonabad hospitals. Subjects were selected by census, and data were collected using the Allport Religious Orientation Scale and the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.In the present study, internal religious orientation mean was 36.39 ± 4.65, external religious orientation mean was 33.77 ± 6.89 and moral sensitivity mean was 159.21 ± 14.1, and therefore internal religious orientation was higher among the nursing staff. Moreover, Pearson's correlation test showed that there was a significant, positive relationship between internal religious orientation and moral sensitivity (P = 0.01, r = 0.17). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between external religious orientation and moral sensitivity (P = 0.86, r = - 0.01).Based on the findings of this study, it seems that authorities need to develop and implement strategies to educate nurses on morality and spirituality, since members of this profession play an important part in the health and well-being of the community.
Fatemeh Jahandar, Jamoleh Mohtashami, Foorozan Atashzadeh -Shorideh, Seyed Amir Hosein Pishgooie,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Nowadays nurses are faced with numerous complex moral conflicts. As a result, doing what one nurse considers as proper can prove contrary to the values and beliefs of other health care providers. The present study was performed to investigate the efficacy of the negotiating style for reducing the severity of moral conflicts in ICU nurses in selected hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
This was a semi-experimental single group study with before and after design. For this purpose, 45 nurses working at ICU Wards of Guilan University of Medical Sciences were selected. Data were collected using the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire by Falco-Pegueroles (2013). The questionnaire was first completed by each participant. Consequently, a negotiation style educational workshop was held for the nurses with an average or high score. After 8 weeks of intervention, the questionnaire was distributed among the participants one more time. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, t-test and ANOVA to compare the severity of moral conflict in the samples before and after the intervention.
The average severity of the nurses’ moral conflict before the workshop was 53.22. The mean reduction of the severity of moral conflict was 17.66 after 8 weeks, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results indicated a decrease in the severity of the nurses’ moral conflict following the intervention. Based on the findings of the research, the negotiating style is recommended for the purpose of reducing the severity of moral conflict in ICU nurses.
Zahra Rafee, Alireza Bibak, Somaie Hoseinee, Farzan Azodi, Faezeh Jahanpour,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Nurses comprise the largest group of service providers in the health system and have a significant impact on health care quality; therefore, ethical practice is of greater importance in the nursing profession compared to other fields of care. The present study was conducted to evaluate patients’ views on nurses’ observance of professional ethics in training hospitals of Bushehr during 2015.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed on 208 patients hospitalized in teaching hospitals of Bushehr selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions about ethics of the nursing profession. Validity and reliability of the data collection tool were approved. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using SPSS version 18.
The results showed that 94.6 percent of the patients evaluated the nurses’ observance of professional ethics as good, 4.4 percent as moderate and 1 percent as poor. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between the independent variables of age, gender, marital status, education level and history of hospitalization ward in the patients, and their views on nurses’ observance of professional ethics.
Zahra Asgari, Mohammad Hosein Heidari , Ramezan Barkhordari, Behnoosh Esteki,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Medical Philosophy is essential part of medical ethics and history. I has long history and owes its current status to developments resulted by historical, philosophical, social, and cultural experiences. The most important reflection of its revolution is its influence on the goals and missions of higher education in different time periods. In this study, two of the most important philosophical perspectives towards the medical education are compared with the aim of investigating possibilities and limits of each perspective in general education, specialized education, and treatment. The descriptive-analytical method is used for this comparison. These two perspectives are: 1) biomedical philosophy, which is based solely on human biological mechanisms, and 2) humanistic philosophy, which is based on the integrity of the human being. The results of this study show that medical education from the perspective of the biomedical philosophy focuses on specialized education, and treatment from this perspective is performed in the form of a patriarchal relationship. Whereas, from the humanistic perspective, general education is based on the integrity of the human being (including biological, psychological, and ontological) together with the specialized education. Treatment in this approach is achieved through a collaborative relationship between the physician and the patient.
Afrooz Hosein, Farideh Elahimanesh, Nammam Ali Azadi,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Patients’ satisfaction of treatment centers is one of the most important indicators for the quality of care and treatment services. Taking care of patients’ satisfaction has essential role in managing programs of health services. The aim of study was to evaluate patients' satisfaction with the quality of services provided in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qorveh in 2015. The research method was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 patients selected in one stage cluster sampling from different parts of hospital. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by means of questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed. Information was analyzed by statistical software SPSS 20 and t-test. The results showed that most of satisfaction was related to the emergency department and the lowest levels of satisfaction was related to ICU. Overall satisfaction from health services of Shahid Beheshti hospital was 72%. In this study, the satisfaction and habitat of patient had meaningful relationship, but other factors had not significant relationship with patient statisfaction. In recent years, patient satisfaction had an acceptable level due to dramatic improvements in health system. Nevertheless, the problems and weaknesses in the health care field also should be concerned and resolved and we have to improve the quality of services.
Ehsan Aliakbari Babookani, Amin Amirhoseiny,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the issues that today is considered in the moral system and jurisprudence of Imamiyah is the issue of fertility, it has considered the issue of postnatal fertility, which, if it can be considered legitimate, will have many effects. This is considered the subject of dispute between jurists and ethics scholars. In this regard, by examining the existing evidence and considering the ethical approach to the subject, this subject can be considered legitimate and, therefore, this study will examine its effects. However, the aspects of this method have not ambiguity in terms of medical sciences, but from a moral and jurisprudential point of view, there are complexities and ambiguities that require adequate accountability according to the current requirements of human societies. Therefore, this subject is considered to be a useful category as well. Naturally, since science is responsible for maintaining public order and organizing private relationships, scientific processing seems to be necessary. In this research, the concept of good legal and legal jurisprudence approach to post-death reproductive effects such as ownership of gametes based on the element of consent (explicit or implicit), custody (based on family solidarity and child abuse) and will (declaration of consent and the will of the gamet frozen by the gamet player) will be dealt with.
Jalil Etemaad, Bahram Jowkar, Hosein Dabbagh,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
What are the moral emotions, their functions, how they change and their experiences, and their association to moral actions and moral judgment are among the most important issues for moral psychology researches and moral education. The present research addresses the conceptual and theoretical exploration into the language composition so-called "the regulation of moral emotion", and the explication of the scope and the conceptual meaning by focusing on implications, theories and researches on moral emotions on the one hand, and emotional regulation on the other hand. Documentary research method and reflective evaluation was used towards conceptualization and illumination of moral emotion regulation. These steps included selecting a topic, setting goals and questions, explorative investigations and literature review, choosing a theoretical approach, collecting resources and techniques for reviewing resources, processing, writing, and reporting the research. Results indicated that based on analyzes and existing theoretical and research implications, that this concept has the meaning and necessary logic and It can integrate the research in the field of moral psychology through integrating the moral specific domain of emotion regulation process and draws new horizons for future researches and practices.
Jalil Etemaad, Bahram Jowkar, Hosein Dabbagh,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
To consider ourselves as "lesser evil" and to consider ourselves "holier" are two different categories in evaluating moral action, that its motivation and success rate vary in each other. After reviewing the justification mechanisms in four real situations involving altruistic act, the present study seeks to examine the validity of the current models of the temporality of justification for moral disengagement in terms of inclusion. In addition to verify the common models for categorizing justifications in two situations as "less evil" and as "holier", this examination aims to clarify the moral behaviors of the moral actor and facilitate ethical judgment in a more analytical space. The participants of the study were 71 undergraduate and postgraduate students at Shiraz University selected in convenience method. In order to evaluate how respondents respond to situations which require altruistic action, four realistic situations of altruistic action were designed. The responses and justifications presented by those who didn’t cooperate with the altruistic plan were subjected to direct content analysis. In the face of the altruistic plans of those who refuse, their justifications were in accordance with some of the mechanisms mentioned in the background. However, there were two categories of justification that were not understandable with the categories in the literature. These two categories are named according to their core themes, self-oriented justification, and other-oriented justification. The results implied confirmation of Klein and Epleis’s distinction of motivation toward lesser evil and holier.
Hosein Fasihi, Seyyed Mohammad Hoseini Souraki,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
It is clear that technologies related to medicine and genetics, especially genetic engineering and eugenics, have grown significantly in recent decades. These advances have led to prevention of abnormalities and treatment of diseases. However, it seems the use of genetic engineering and eugenics and the possibility of irresponsible and profitable use of these technologies it's worrying. Hence, some moral philosophers say that to use eugenics’ methods it is morally wrong. Because the result of eugenics is injustice. In this study, while referring to the meaning and types of eugenics and related ethical issues, moral considerations to eugenics are explained and analyzed with emphasis and focus on the violation of justice and with analysis and explanation, it becomes clear that with some wise decisions, injustice caused to eugenic can be prevented or reduced.
Ata Pourabbasi, Zahra Hoseini Tavassol, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (ویژه نامه کاربست طرح های دو گروه اخلاق و آموزش پزشکی 2023)
Abstract
The higher health education system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is an integrated system with multiple stakeholders responsible for training human resources in the health sector at different levels. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the effective institutional factors in this system. This study aimed to explain the position of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the country’s medical sciences education system and outline its major directions in this field. In this study, the knowledge-to-action framework was implemented in four steps. Effective institutional factors in system development were explained, and the role of the various stakeholders of the country’s medical sciences education system was compared with them. Then, the functions of the academy as a main beneficiary based on the degree of connection with the stages of the knowledge-to-action framework were weighted, and finally, these functions were classified into different categories. According to this model, although the academy plays a role in many stages of the development of the country’s medical sciences education system, it primarily functions as a think tank and observatory and to a lesser extent as a knowledge implementation unit. The model presented in this study will help the trustees of the Academy of Medical Sciences to play the largest and most effective role in the development of the country’s medical sciences education system, with optimal resource management and principled development of human capacities, thereby laying the groundwork for the improvement of the integrated health system.
Mostafa Ghasempour, Abbas Dadashzadeh, Majid Purabdollah, Fezeh Hoseini Lilab,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
Moral sensitivity is a crucial attribute for pre-hospital emergency personnel, significantly impacting their ethical decision-making and patient care in urgent and often complex situations. Defined as the capacity to recognize ethical dilemmas and comprehend their implications, moral sensitivity empowers personnel to navigate challenges such as resource limitations, critical patient conditions, and the imperative for rapid, independent decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the level of moral sensitivity among Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and identify key influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023, encompassing 245 EMTs selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) and analyzed employing correlation tests and regression analysis. The findings revealed a mean moral sensitivity score of (39.45 ± 7.13) among participants, indicating a moderate-to-high level of ethical awareness. A significant correlation was observed between moral sensitivity and specific demographic and professional characteristics. Notably, work experience emerged as a key determinant (P < 0.001). Regression analysis further emphasized work experience (β = 0.08, P < 0.001) as a strong predictor, demonstrating that increased exposure to clinical and ethical challenges over time enhances moral sensitivity. Enhancing ethical sensitivity among pre-hospital emergency personnel is paramount to improving their ability to identify and address complex ethical challenges and deliver high-quality patient care. Given the unique demands of emergency situations, including time constraints, resource limitations, and the need for immediate action, it is crucial to equip personnel with the tools necessary to recognize and navigate ethical dilemmas. Implementing comprehensive training programs that emphasize ethical awareness and reasoning can empower EMTs to make more informed and empathetic decisions. Furthermore, cultivating a supportive organizational culture that prioritizes ethical performance and provides ongoing training can further enhance their confidence and competence in managing ethically sensitive situations.
Fatemeh Roudi, Hedayat Jafari, Mohammadreza Jalilfar, Seyed Mohammad Mirshafiei, Seyed Tohid Hoseini, Soodabeh Eslami,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
Nurses are critical healthcare providers during global crises, particularly in situations of armed conflict and war, where they face unique and often overwhelming ethical challenges. These professionals are tasked with making immediate and difficult decisions under extreme conditions. This study aims to thoroughly examine the ethical challenges encountered by nurses during global crises, with a particular focus on armed conflicts and wars. This systematic review analyzed articles sourced from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases, using the following search terms: "nursing ethics," "war," "global crises," "ethical considerations in nursing during war," and "nursing ethics in armed conflicts." Following a thorough review and filtering process based on the study's objectives, seven articles were selected for inclusion. The findings highlight several ethical challenges faced by nurses during wartime. These challenges include: allocating limited resources under dire circumstances, providing care to both combatants and civilians without bias, maintaining patient confidentiality while cooperating with military authorities, and delivering care in hazardous and unpredictable environments. The ethical issues nurses encounter in global crises, particularly in war, include: 1) the tension between professional duty and political or military affiliations, 2) the ethical dilemma of allocating scarce resources in critical conditions, 3) the decision of which patients should be prioritized for treatment, and 4) the significant risks to life involved in providing care in conflict zones. Nursing care during global crises, especially in wartime, presents profound ethical dilemmas that demand rapid and sound decision-making. Adequate training in nursing ethics tailored to wartime conditions, as well as robust support for nurses in these high-pressure environments, are critical to addressing these challenges effectively.
Mohammadreza Jalilfar, Hedayat Jafari, Fatemeh Roudi, Seyed Tohid Hoseini, Soodabeh Eslami, Seyed Mohammad Mirshafiei,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
With the increasing need for home nursing care, patient autonomy emerges as a crucial ethical principle in delivering care services. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the importance of autonomy and individual independence in home-based patient care. In this systematic review, articles from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Magiran databases, and Google Scholar search engine, published within the last 10 years, were used to search for articles related to autonomy and independence in home nursing care. The keywords used in the search were: "patient autonomy", "home nursing care", "nursing ethics" and "autonomy in nursing home care". After reviewing and filtering the articles based on the study's objectives, 20 articles related to autonomy in home nursing care were included in this systematic review. The findings of these studies indicated that various factors can influence patient autonomy at home-care, including: · Individual factors: age, gender, physical and mental health status of the patient; · Family factors: family support, family relationships, family culture; · Social factors: social support, access to social resources; · Organizational factors: care policies, organizational structure, organizational culture. Considering these findings and their comparisons, it can be concluded that to promote patient autonomy at home, all the mentioned factors should be considered. Some of the suggested solutions to promote patient autonomy are: · Educating the patient and family about patient autonomy; · Strengthening family support for the patient; · Providing social support services to the patient; · Developing care policies that support patient autonomy; · Improving organizational structure and culture. Patient autonomy is one of the essential ethical principles in home nursing care. Considering the factors affecting patient's autonomy, comprehensive solutions should be considered to promote it. Patient and family education, strengthening family support, providing social support services and improving organizational structure and culture are among the effective solutions in this field.
Shiva Khaleghparast, Saied Bagheri Faradanbeh, Samaneh Karimian, Fahimeh Khosrobeigi Bozchaloei, Seyed Ebrahim Hoseini Zargaz, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The electronic health record system (SPAS in Iran) records information related to the health of individuals in an electronic format. It is the center for collecting health information and data on outpatients and inpatients. This system records information such as the patient's full name, marital status, gender, date of admission, level of education, occupation, type of admission, and other relevant medical data. The core values and ethical requirements of SPAS include safeguarding citizens' rights, respecting individuals, observing justice and fairness, transparency, encouraging participation, and accountability. In this study, the ethical aspects of SPAS were evaluated using the model proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for ethical evaluation. This model emphasizes fundamental ethical principles such as human well-being and health, respecting individuals and communities, justice, and fairness. Concerning human well-being and health, SPAS can prevent unnecessary and redundant interventions and provide physicians with quick access to an accurate patient history. Furthermore, the system ensures the confidentiality of information, which is essential to respect individuals and communities. Regarding justice and fairness, the system can improve access to health services for disadvantaged and remote areas. Moreover, SPAS adheres to procedural ethical principles such as solidarity, transparency, participation, and accountability. Therefore, by critically examining the ethical dimensions of the electronic health record system (SPAS), the findings of the present study provide valuable insights for policymakers, health professionals, and regulatory organizations to ensure the ethical and efficient performance of electronic health record systems in Iran.
Hosein Fasihi, Dr. Syyed Ahmad Fazeli,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
In the realm of philosophy, numerous thinkers have offered profound, and at times amazing, insights into the nature of existence. Among them, Spinoza stands out with his unique perspective, establishing a deep connection between ethics, religion, and the divine nature. Spinoza posits that religious texts, beyond their religious teachings, serve a motivational role in inspiring moral behavior. He locates the foundation of virtue within human nature and essence, arguing that the moral quality of actions is not inherent but is derived from God as the ultimate source of good and evil. Ultimately, adhering to the principle of universal necessity, Spinoza extends this concept to ethics, viewing it as an expression of divine nature. This perspective implies that morality and all human actions unfold within the framework of natural and divine necessity. An examination of Spinoza's views reveals a profound unity between humanity and the divine, characterized by a harmonious and interactive relationship between religion and ethics. Within Spinoza's philosophical system, these two categories are aligned, guiding individuals toward happiness and virtue. This innovative approach not only enriches our understanding of Spinoza's thought but also, by bridging religion, reason, and health, opens avenues for reconsidering medical ethics and spirituality in the contemporary world. This study, through a critical analysis of Spinoza's views, lays the groundwork for future investigations into moral philosophy, religion, and medical ethics, fostering a constructive dialogue between tradition and modernity.
Zahra Aghabeiglooei, Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Seyed Mohammad Hashemimehr, Roshanak Saghebi, Morteza Mojahedi, Seyyed Amir Hosein Latifi, Mehdi Salehi, Seyed Abdollah Mahmood,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Evaluating and analyzing scientific productions play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of research and effectively managing research resources. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the content of theses in the field of the history of medical sciences in Iranian universities from 2013 to 2022. This applied study was conducted using the quantitative content analysis method. The findings revealed that the highest number of theses were completed in 2022 (19.2%), with topics related to traditional medicine and traditional pharmacy being the most prevalent. Descriptive and descriptive-analytical studies were the most common research methods. Moreover, the most frequent keywords included “Medical History”, “Traditional Medicine”, and “Iranian Medicine” and their Persian equivalents. Regarding historical periods, the Islamic period (from the emergence of Islam to the early Safavid era) accounted for the highest number of theses, while the contemporary period had the lowest. The results indicated a research focus on traditional medicine and the Islamic period, highlighting the need for further exploration of other historical periods and the use of qualitative methods to deepen understanding of historical complexities.
