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Showing 3 results for Karimian
Survey Attitude of Nursing Managers of Kurdistan Hospitals towards The Voluntary Reporting System of Medical Errors
Shilan Ghaderi, Mehran Sadeghi, Fayegh Yousefi, Mohammad Saleh Vahedi, Nader Karami, Aram Karimian,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the main methods of improving patient safety is use of reporting systems and providing facilities for analyzing and preventing mistakes. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of nursing managers of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences towards the voluntary reporting system of medical errors in 2015. In this descriptive-analytic study, all managers of selected hospitals in Kurdistan province were enrolled in this study. The data was collected through a valid questionnaire for attitude towards the voluntary reporting system of medical errors. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20, independent t-test, chi - square and ANOVA. According to the results of the study, 87.9% (80 participants) of the managers encountered reporting of errors in their workplace. 68.1% (62 participants) of the managers had a positive attitude toward the voluntary system of medical errors and 16.15 % (15 participants) had a negative attitude and 15.38% (14 participants) were indifferent. According to the results of the research, more than 68.1 % of managers have a positive attitude towards the voluntary reporting of medical errors and with the necessary measures a suitable platform for launching the voluntary reporting system of medical errors in the treatment centers can be provided.

Conflict of Interest in Research
Shiva Khaleghparast, Samaneh Karimian,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
Conflict of interest refers to situations in which professional judgment or actions related to a primary interest are unduly influenced by secondary interests. In scientific communication, such conflicts can compromise professional decision-making and threaten the integrity of research outcomes. As educational, research, and clinical activities in the medical field expand, the prevalence of conflicts of interest across healthcare domains has increased. Despite the efforts of organizations such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the Committee on Publication Ethics, which have established guidelines for conflict of interest disclosure, there remains a significant gap in awareness and understanding among researchers. This highlights the urgent need for increased attention to this issue. The UK National Research Ethics Advisory Panel defines conflict of interest as situations where professional judgment concerning a primary interest, such as patient welfare or the credibility of research, is improperly influenced by a secondary interest, such as financial gain. In clinical research, therapeutic studies primarily aim to validate the safety and efficacy of new drugs or devices. This goal should take precedence over secondary concerns, such as economic benefits derived from pharmaceutical production. Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) stress that researchers have primary responsibility for the health and medical care of participants. Therefore, any conflict of interest represents a significant risk to participants, potentially compromising their welfare. To safeguard scientific integrity, institutions must enforce policies that uphold ethical principles, require researchers to disclose conflicts of interest to ethics committees, and implement measures to mitigate associated risks. Identifying and managing conflicts of interest based on their potential impact is crucial to preserving the credibility of clinical research. Members of ethics committees, like researchers, must disclose their conflicts of interest, as they significantly influence study processes. Transparency in research funding is essential to minimizing bias and managing conflicts of interest. Effective strategies for addressing conflicts of interest include the development of comprehensive policies and guidelines, the maintenance of an electronic database for conflict disclosure, and the promotion of regular training for ethics committee members and researchers on managing such conflicts. Collaborative learning initiatives and the ongoing refinement of institutional policies further enhance the management of conflicts of interest, ensuring the integrity of scientific research.

A Critical Review of the Ethical Aspects of the Electronic Health Record System (SPAS in Iran)
Shiva Khaleghparast, Saied Bagheri Faradanbeh, Samaneh Karimian, Fahimeh Khosrobeigi Bozchaloei, Seyed Ebrahim Hoseini Zargaz, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The electronic health record system (SPAS in Iran) records information related to the health of individuals in an electronic format. It is the center for collecting health information and data on outpatients and inpatients. This system records information such as the patient's full name, marital status, gender, date of admission, level of education, occupation, type of admission, and other relevant medical data. The core values and ethical requirements of SPAS include safeguarding citizens' rights, respecting individuals, observing justice and fairness, transparency, encouraging participation, and accountability. In this study, the ethical aspects of SPAS were evaluated using the model proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for ethical evaluation. This model emphasizes fundamental ethical principles such as human well-being and health, respecting individuals and communities, justice, and fairness. Concerning human well-being and health, SPAS can prevent unnecessary and redundant interventions and provide physicians with quick access to an accurate patient history. Furthermore, the system ensures the confidentiality of information, which is essential to respect individuals and communities. Regarding justice and fairness, the system can improve access to health services for disadvantaged and remote areas. Moreover, SPAS adheres to procedural ethical principles such as solidarity, transparency, participation, and accountability. Therefore, by critically examining the ethical dimensions of the electronic health record system (SPAS), the findings of the present study provide valuable insights for policymakers, health professionals, and regulatory organizations to ensure the ethical and efficient performance of electronic health record systems in Iran.

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