Showing 17 results for Mahmoud
Seyyed Mahmoud Tabatabaee,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2008)
Abstract
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, Seyed Hassan Alam-Al-Hoda,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (26 2012)
Abstract
Medicine is a branch of health science with the purpose of maintaining health and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, and rehabilitation of patients. In addition to possessing academic qualifications and legal training, physicians and service providers should be familiar with moral and jurisprudential considerations in their profession, as is rationally and logically expected.Respect for moral values and legal principles is important since on the one hand it gives the service provider a feeling of fulfillment, and on the other hand it causes the patient to feel satisfied with the service offered.Islamic laws must be observed in all aspects of life in our country and medical practices are not an exception. Therefore it is necessary for all practices to be approved by jurists and to comply with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and ethics. Consequently, practitioners need a thorough understanding of Islamic laws and ethics in order to be considered qualified. In this regard it should be remembered that Islamic jurisprudence, or Sharia refers to a set of laws and rules of life defined by the Quran and its interpretation and explanation by the great Prophet of Islam (SAW) and Imams (AS). In Islamic culture, law and medicine are closely related to each other. Many physicians are staunch followers of the Islamic jurisprudence and try to observe them in their diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and in cases where they have dilemmas and are not certain what course of action to take, religious standpoint is what guides them to make the right decision. In recent decades, physicians have tried to apply Islamic laws in the context of medical or jurisprudential problems. This article investigates the realm of medical jurisprudence and medical ethics.
Hannan Hajimahmoudi, Farzaneh Zahedi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
Justice is one of the main principles of ethics in the healthcare system, and its establishment at macro level depends on formulation of appropriate policies by policy-makers and healthcare providers. Health care policies and payment and reimbursement systems have a significant impact on health systems’ efficiency and cost control. In this paper, payment and reimbursement policies and their impact on financial incentives will be reviewed moreover, financial policies in the national health care in Iran and related challenges will be mentioned in brief.
There is no doubt that none of the payment and reimbursement policies is perfect and each of them has the potential to put caregivers or health care providers financially at risk. Therefore, policy-makers should select a combination of the best approaches, considering socioeconomic factors, in order to provide a maximum coverage of health services and ensure fairness in the health system. Efficient payment and reimbursement approaches should undoubtedly preserve the rights of all parties in a fair and logical manner. Current national policy shows that a high percent of health care expenditures are financed through out-of-pocket payments, and therefore appropriate policies should be adopted to lighten this burden. Considering the accelerated trend toward the Family Doctor Plan in big cities in Iran, the present paper would be helpful for many health care providers, physicians and other health care professionals.
Sajjad Azmand, Farzad Mahmoudian,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Presence of physicians in different fields of the society has always been associated with ethical and legal considerations. Physician participation in legal punishment is one of the areas that are associated with different perspectives. In medical history, physicians and medical professionals have participated in legal punishment in different ways, but they have been directly involved with this process after the development of the lethal injection method. Proponents and opponents have discussed the ethical aspects of physician participation in legal punishment, and medical organizations have announced their viewpoints about this subject. In the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the Islamic punishment laws and their implementation regulations, physician participation in legal punishment is necessary, but the physician does not play a direct role in the execution of punishment. In this article we will study the main arguments of opponents and proponents as the background of the subject and will then evaluate the exact role of physicians in the execution of punishment in Iran and analyze the ethical aspects of this role.
Fariba Borhani, Mahmoud Abbasi, Abbas Abbaszadeh, Soolamz Mousavi, ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
In order to face the challenges of today’s health system, it is extremely important to promote collaborations among disciplines. Nevertheless, it seems that nurses and physicians cooperate more effectively in academic areas, and their partnership in the actual work place and clinical settings is associated with challenges.This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the attitudes of doctors and nurses in hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences toward collaboration with each other. For this purpose, the Jefferson Scale of attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration was used after it was translated and its validity and reliability were examined on 59 physicians and 164 nurses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.The results showed a more positive attitude toward the concept of collaboration among nurses (3.49) than physicians (3.12) (P = 0.02). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the attitudes of physicians and nurses toward working together across various items of the questionnaire (F = 5.06, P = 0.02), with the exception of the area of nursing autonomy (F = 0.95, P = 0.32).An appropriate nurse-physician relationship and agreement over treatment plans can increase the quality of care, and lack of cooperation can lead to stress in the workplace. Therefore, in-service training for doctors and nurses and attention to the importance of cooperation among members of the medical team must be incorporated into the nursing and medical curriculum. Thus, the traditional views on the role of nurses will change, and nurses will be able to perform their professional duties more effectively. Consequently, the cooperation between physicians and nurses and the fortified synergy between the roles will improve the quality of care.
Abdolhassan Kazemi, Soraya Mahmoud,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Genes are considered as “green gold” in this era of biotechnology. Currently, multinational companies and governments search continents to find this valuable asset in the hope to discover people with unique genetic characteristics that can be converted into capital and marketed in the future. Modern economy provides the framework to analyze any new technology from the advantage perspective and has vastly transformed the concept of capital and market thus, humans or any organism with specific genetic characteristics can be converted to capital and offered in profitable markets. Patenting and ownership of genetic resources without consideration for principles of inherent human rights will impact the society and result in a violation of these rights, especially those of vulnerable individuals and groups. In spite of the numerous benefits of biotechnology for individuals and the society, the risks to human dignity, equality, health, autonomy and research, as well as the possibility of information abuse should not be ignored, especially considering the alliance between technology and economy. Biotechnology can make claims to ownership of human life and desired genetic traits, and this is a problem caused by the biotechnology revolution in developing countries and consequently, indigenous peoples of these countries have shown different reactions to such issues. This article will discuss “human commodification”, which is a serious concern in the field of biotechnology in our world today
Ali Khaji, Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Disasters and accidents usually occur unexpectedly and without warning, and frequently cause the deaths of millions of people all over the world. In addition to general and specialized medical staff, volunteers, many of whom lack the necessary training for providing care to victims, enter the scene. In recent years, there has been rising concern about prosecution of volunteers who participate in relief operations due to the possibility of harm to victims. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of the "Ihsan rule" to liabilities resulting from unintentional and uninformed actions of volunteers who operate during disaster relief.
This was a review study conducted through examination of related articles on SID, Magiran, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The results showed that the Ihsan rule cannot absolutely and ubiquitously eliminate the liability of volunteers who participate in relief operations after disasters and accidents. The reason is that although the rule recognizes benevolent motives, good intentions and non-anticipation of monetary compensation, volunteer aid should be approved by experts, and the possibility of harming the injured should not exceed the expected benefits. Consequently, volunteer acts in disasters and accidents are acceptable if:
- Basic training and education is provided to all employees of the medical profession who may volunteer for relief operations after disasters and accidents.
- Volunteer deployment is executed in the form of committees or specific scientific groups that will organize and train members so that they will perform relief operations according to the guidelines of these institutions.
Mahmoud Motavassel Arani, Mohammad Hassan Alamolhoda, Nikzad Easazade, Gholamreza Noormohammadi,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Modern medical ethics, in particular the principle of Non-Maleficent, advises the medical staff to avoid any harm to the patient. Islamic jurists, using religious texts and sources, have introduced rules that are applicable in many areas of life. Among these rules, is the rule Non-Harm, that in this article to review this rule and its applications in medicine. In addition to discussions of the documents, a better understanding of the words "Darar" and "Dirar" and deny or forbid the word "La" at the beginning of the base document, is one of the major issues and disputes. Organ transplants, family planning and birth control, responsibility to protect the health, need to see a doctor for treatment, civil responsibility for doctors in the treatment, responsibility for custodians of society for the control of AIDS, are the problems affecting today's health systems that the rule of No Harm is flowing in them.
Nikzad Issa Zadeh, Reza Salimi, Mohammad Mehdi Esfahani, Mahmoud Motevasel Arani,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
One of the most important sources in Islamic traditional medicine is the hadiths remaining from infallible imam and the first condition for using the hadiths especially in medicine is the exact and correct understanding. The systematic and accurate understanding on fulfillment of certain conditions and applying the rules of understanding are based on the features like various aspects of semantic, generalization and encumbrance, generality and particular meaning, firm and similar ayat, abrogating and abrogated in one hand, the narrative transition from time to time and various historical vicissitudes and as a result of various damages like distort spiritual and literal, paraphrase, ambiguity, ijaz, forging and etc. in narrations of the infallible Imam. In understanding of medical traditions, the evidence attached is used more among the rules of understanding. This study analyzed the attached evidence and studied about how they are used in understanding of traditions.
Ghasem Ahmadi, Ali Elhami, Reza Baghizadeh, Hossein Moradi, Mahmoud Motaharinia,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Bioethics is an interdisciplinary course which includes public health. The public health is a general concept dealing with ethical, spiritual, cognitive, and physical issues. Ethical health is part of bioethics. This paper analyses the discourse between feminism and Islam regarding the influence of gender on ethics. Considering influence or lack of effect of gender on ethics is the most important difference in Islam and feminism. The essence of the difference is in ontology and epistemology principle of both views. Islam considers God as decisive ethic and ethical behaviours while feminism considers human as ethic decisive. In Islam, gender does not play role in origin of humanity and does not cause perfection or imperfection and strength or weak of being human. However, gender influences ethic and ethical behaviours and causes difference in ethical behaviours between man and woman. But, .in feminism view, gender does not affect not only humanity origin but also ethical issues and behaviours. feminism granting ethical similarity between men and women overlooks ethic-gender roles leading to creation of a system that makes man and woman responsible for and tends to Bigender by proposing gender similarity between men and women ; this attitude has unethical outcomes and affects ethical health. This paper aimed to explain Islamic view (Quran and traditions) and outcomes of feminism view about gender effect on ethic along with investigating different sects of feminism.
Marjan Shamspour, Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, Seyed Hamid Reza Naghavi,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
The most important conditions necessitating Hajj are financial affordability, physical, and psychological capacity. Most persons who become bound to make the Hajj ignore the psychological capacity. Each year many persons lacking psychological capacity, go on Hajj and cause other mentally qualified people deprived of travel. A number of these pilgrims undergo medical treatment or are hospitalized during their travel and some of them are returned back to the country. No study has been carried out so far on these special conditions, psychological capacity, of Hajj. In quantitative part of this study, information of all records existing in the medical center of Hajj during 2012-2015 was extracted. The information was analyzed by assistant psychiatrist, professor, and physicians based on DSM-IV-TR standards. In qualitative part, systematic information was extracted from authorities of Hajj organization. From studied records related to psychiatric disorders, cases of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders were identified as lacking mental and psychological capacity. The results of this study showed that about 16% of the people with mental disorders such as schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, and that their dispatch to Hajj's journey was in contradiction with the principles of jurisprudence and ethics. This study can be regarded as a religious and ethical guide for identifying the examples of people who have been deprived, to help policy makers of the Hajj system to apply more strict monitoring of the dispatch of pilgrims, eliminating the time spent by other pilgrims and defusing national pride, and helping to replace eligible people instead of those who are not qualified for Hajj.
Halimeh Zarei, Parviz Azodi, Marzieh Mahmoudi, Zahra Sedighi, Faezeh Jahanpour,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
Communication skills are recognized as an essential part of nursing services and as they are faced with an extended range of referees, they have to communicate with them in a specific way. This study was performed to determine the communication skills of nursing staff of pediatric wards with their colleagues. This descriptive-analytic study as cross-sectional was performed on 110 nursing staff of pediatric wards from Persian Gulf’s hospital during 2019, in Bushehr, Iran, by using census sampling method. Data collection tool was a communication skills’ questionnaire including demographic part and items for self assessing communication skills of nurses with their colleagues. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test, Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05. The mean score of professional communication was 54.33 ± 7.26 which was relatively significant. Scores of professional communication were not statistically associated with age, work experience, educational degree, employment status, type of responsibility, interest to job and marital status. The results showed statistically significant relationship between the mean scores of professional relationship with workplace (p <0.013) and shift work (p <0.020). The highest professional communication score was 58.83 in the nursing office and the lowest score was 50.21 in the pediatric emergency department. The Pearson correlation between age and work experience was positive with the mean score of professional communication, and the highest score of professional communication was related to staff working in shift work. According to the findings of the present study, the status of professional communication among nursing staff of pediatric wards was relatively desirable and therefore, based on the results, it is suggested that nursing authorities and planners plan and endeavor to enhance nurses' professional communication.
Mahmoud Motevassel Arani, Mojtaba Parsa, Seyed Hesamoldin Sayyedin , Nikzad Isazadeh, Abdolrahman Rostamian , Mohsen Parwiz, Hossein Dargahi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
Organizational culture is defined as prominent values and a set of key characteristics govern the organization. Paying attention to the importance of organizational culture increases staff’s productivity and job satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was identification, counting and classification of organizational culture components based on Islamic-Iranian values by synthesizing approach and looking at health care organizations. First, 892 indicators were identified and counted by application of Pearson and English databases and using organizational culture, Islamic – Iranian culture, indicators, component, and health care organizations as key words, consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, field literature review, data entry into Excel software. Then using Delphi method and opinions of seven cultural elites in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and after performing 11 stages, repetitive indicators in terms of meanings, concepts, and examples were merged and grouped into 39 components. Moreover, the extracted components were divided into three levels of organizational culture and the application of the components of each level in organizations were presented. Therefore, it is recommended the final components and application of each of them be used as an organizational charter in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Mahmoud Akbari, Mohammadnabi Salim,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
One of the most important and influential events in the interaction between Islamic civilization and the West was the Crusades, which lasted for nearly two centuries and extended from Europe to the Levant and Egypt. The main reasons for these wars, apparently, were the religious zeal of the Christians to seize Jerusalem from the Muslims and, in fact, the territorial expansion and influx of the surplus population of Europe to the east. The present study aims to explore the role of the Crusades in the transfer of medicine to Europe. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method and library resources to explain the process of transferring Islamic and Eastern medical science to the world, affected by religious wars. Referring to texts, honesty and trustworthiness, citation of used texts, avoidance of bias in inference from texts or analyzes have been observed. The results of the research show that during the Crusades, Europeans, observing the scientific progress of Muslims, decided to translate the works of Islamic physicians and transfer them to Europe. This led to the advancement of medical knowledge and the development of health in Europe's Renaissance. Thus, he most important consequence of the Crusades was facilitation of the transfer of the cultural and civilizational foundations of the Islamic world, including the reserves of Islamic and Persian medicine to Europe
Mr Farhad Khormaee, Khatoun Mahmoudnezhad,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
Academic dishonesty is one of the important challenges of educational centers. In the present study, the role of moral disengagement mediators’ in the relationship between moral characters and academic dishonesty was investigated. The present study is a correlation study. The statistical population included all students of Shiraz University and the participants were 246 students selected by random cluster sampling. Moral disengagement and academic dishonesty scales and moral characters questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. Structural Equation Modeling was performed using AMOS software to analyze the research data. The results of the structural equation model showed that positive moral characters are directly related to academic dishonesty, also negative moral characters has a significant relationship with academic dishonesty directly and with mediating of moral disengagement. Moral disengagement has been directly predictor of academic dishonesty in students, too. According to the findings, it can be concluded that positive moral characters directly and negative moral characters directly and with mediating of moral disengagement can predict academic dishonesty. Moral disengagement was predictor of academic dishonesty in students, too.
Maasoumeh Barkhordari-Sharifabad, Seyedeh-Zahra Kaka-Tafti, Parnia Bastani, Farideh Mahmoudi-Hashemi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Health care providers need moral sensitivity to provide effective ethical care Since spirituality is an integral part of morality, and spiritual intelligence is the basis of an individual's beliefs that affect his performance, this study was conducted to determine the role of spiritual intelligence in moral sensitivity of nursing students. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in 2021. The target population was nursing students studying in the first semester of 2021-2022 in Yazd, of which 153 people were selected by simple random sampling. In order to data gathering, questionnaire of King's spiritual intelligence and Lutzen's moral sensitivity was used. The validity and reliability of the instruments have been determined in previous research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test and T test) by SPSS software version 16. Results indicated the mean of moral sensitivity (64.24 ±10.46) and the mean of spiritual intelligence of nursing students (53.90 ±34.13) were moderate. There was no statistically significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and moral sensitivity (P=0.245). Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies to investigate the mediating factors that may affect these variables for a better and deeper understanding.
Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaee, Narges Tabrizchi, Seyed Jamaleddin Sajjadi Jazi, Bagher Larijani, Seyed Mahdi Seyedi, Nasser Simforoosh, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh, Mina Mobasher,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (ویژه نامه کاربست طرح های دو گروه اخلاق و آموزش پزشکی 2023)
Abstract
Academic faculty members play the most influential role in realizing the goals and ideals of higher education and community health. In the contemporary period, the cultural and educational role of professors, in the most crucial mission of higher education, has not received the required and necessary attention, and neglecting it has resulted in irreparable damages and adverse consequences. This study attempted to identify the prominent cultural roles of professors in relation to students (with an emphasis on higher health education), while explaining the necessity and importance, and effective solutions were examined and proposed. The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and a focus group discussion. Selected views of expert professors and data from authentic local scientific articles and related topics in upstream documents were utilized. The findings of the study were classified into five main themes and forty categories. “Cultural goals and ideals”; “general mission of professors for the cultural education of all students” and “special mission of professors of higher health education”; “authentic methods”; and “requirements for cultural education of students” were identified and recommended under the eight selected topics in each axis in order of priority. University Professors play a central role in the cultural and ideological education of students. It is appropriate to develop this responsibility in an objective manner and with suitable scientific methods and observe its excellence and realization in the education system.
