Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

Bioethics is an interdisciplinary course which includes public health. The public health is a general concept dealing with ethical, spiritual, cognitive, and physical issues. Ethical health is part of bioethics. This paper analyses the discourse between feminism and Islam regarding the influence of gender on ethics. Considering influence or lack of effect of gender on ethics is the most important difference in Islam and feminism. The essence of the difference is in ontology and epistemology principle of both views. Islam considers God as decisive ethic and ethical behaviours while feminism considers human as ethic decisive. In Islam, gender does not play role in origin of humanity and does not cause perfection or imperfection and strength or weak of being human. However, gender influences ethic and ethical behaviours and causes difference in ethical behaviours between man and woman. But, .in feminism view, gender does not affect not only humanity origin but also ethical issues and behaviours. feminism granting ethical similarity between men and women overlooks  ethic-gender roles leading to creation of a system that makes  man and woman  responsible for  and tends to  Bigender by proposing  gender similarity  between men and women ; this attitude  has unethical outcomes and affects  ethical health. This paper aimed to explain Islamic view (Quran and traditions) and outcomes of feminism view about gender effect on ethic along with investigating different sects of feminism.

Capacity, positive attitude, and proper nurses' function in dealing with death are greatly influenced by their religious beliefs. An important religious variable, the type of internal religious orientation (Implementing religious beliefs in all behaviors and practices) and the external (Using Religious Beliefs to Achieve Material Objectives). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and nursing students' attitude towards death. The study had a cross-sectional correlational design, where 202 students from all nursing students were selected by random sampling in the academic year of 2017-2018. Data were collected via Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire and the Standard Scale of Attitude toward Death (DAP-R) which were completed by participants after confirmation of validity and reliability and obtaining written consent from participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Participants included 51.5% females, the average age was 21.7 years, 89.6% single, 95.5% undergraduates, 53% resident of the dormitory, 94.6% Shiite, and 50.5% had experience of seeing death. The average score of internal religious orientation was higher than that of the outside; and it was the same in both sexes. The difference between the mean score of internal orientation and the active acceptance of death was a positive correlation (P <0.001) and with avoidance of death, it had a significant negative inverse correlation (p= 0.01/0.17); Exterior orientation with fear of death and acceptance by escape had a significant positive correlation (P <0.001); the difference in mean score of both religious orientations was not significant in terms of gender, marital status, and religion (P>0.001). The difference between fear of death and avoidance of death and acceptance by escape based on gender, and in terms of admission or escape, having experience of seeing death, had a meaningful relationship (p=0.01). While there was no significant relationship between attitude toward death and family death experience (P>0.001). Findings show the type of religious orientation of nursing students and its relationship with people’s attitudes toward admission or escape from death; as the effective factor affecting the health of individuals and the quality of providing care for dying patients.

The observance of professional ethics standards’ is inherent nature of nursing profession. Observance of ethical standards by them will be an effective factor in improving performance of patient care and affecting the quality of health care. This study was conducted to determine the facilitating and Inhibitory factors of professional ethics from the perspective of nurses. This cross-sectional descriptive study with the participation of 367 nurses in Masjed-e-Soliman hospitals was performed in 2019. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of facilitating factors in the three dimensions of management, individual, and patients and inhibitory factors in three dimensions of management, environmental, and individual care; design, validity, and reliability of the questionnaire was reported by Dehghani. Data analysis was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and statistical tests. From the nurses' point of view, facilitating factors to follow ethics were: sufficient personnel in proportion to the number of patients (64.6%) in the managerial dimension, proper interpersonal relationship between colleagues and other treatment teams (60.3%) in the individual dimension;. appropriate treatment of patients with nursing staff (59.1%) in the patient dimension. The most important inhibitory factors were: lack of attention to the ability and skills of personnel during the division of labor (71.2%) in the managerial dimension; crowded and busy wards in environmental dimension  (69.6%); shortage of time in the individual and care dimension (66.4%). In this research, most important facilitating and inhibitory factors for following professional ethics standards in nurses was evaluated. Due to the necessity of observing the standards of professional ethics in nursing performance, the managers of health care organizations can observe the current situation by conducting periodic studies in the field of professional ethics from the perspective of nurses and patients.

Professional ethics is one of the most important topics in medicine that educators or professors play an important role in teaching and measuring it. The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate the observance of professional ethics among surgical assistants of educational hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2019 by self-assessment method. This study was a cross-sectional study. Each of the assistants completed a standard questionnaire that included the variables required for the study. The sample was selected according to population of surgical assistants in the general and orthopedic departments, who entered the study using census sampling method and were equal to 47 people. Of 47 participants, 29 were assistant general surgeons and 18 were orthopedic surgeons. Observance of professional ethics was acceptable. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and communication skills and assistants in both general and orthopedic departments (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between professional ethics and assistants in both general and orthopedic departments (P<0.05). Respect for others with a mean of 1.66±6.0, had the highest mean rate. Also, interpersonal and social skills with an average of 2.17±4.48, had the lowest mean. Considering that inclusion of professional ethics in laws and regulations is one of the important and vital factors in growth and development of ethics, institutionalization of professional ethics in strategic plan should be considered by policy makers and structure, training and evaluation of professional ethics be reviewed.