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Examining the attitudes of general medicine students (interns) towards the disclosure of medical errors at Iran University of Medical Sciences in the year 1401-1402."
Mohamad Rafiezadeh, Mahshad Noroozi, Akram Hashemi, Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (9-2025)
Abstract
 Introduction
Physicians often hesitate to disclose their errors due to fears of legal repercussions and stigma. Understanding their attitudes toward error prevention and professional behavior is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of interns at Iran University of Medical Sciences regarding the disclosure of medical errors.

 Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study included all interns who entered the university in 2017. Data were collected using the Persian version of the Medical Mistakes Survey questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software version 26.

 Findings
Among the 186 participants, 66% reported committing a medical error. Only 21% fully disclosed errors with no significant adverse effects, while 31% disclosed errors with severe consequences.

 Conclusion
Most interns avoid fully disclosing errors, primarily due to fears of legal action and concerns about being underestimated by patients. Further studies are needed to enhance physicians' performance and patient safety.
Professionalism in postgraduate students of TUMS: patients perspective
Mahdi Forati Kashani, Soheila Dabiran, Mahshad Noroozi, ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract

Telemedicine: benefits, disadvantages and ethical challenges
Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani, Mahshad Noroozi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract

Nowadays, electronic communications technology propounds new forms of the patient-physician relationship in the field of medicine. Effective communication between the patient and the physician can play a crucial role in the process of treatment. This new form of communication greatly influences promotion of the health system by improving access to inexpensive and fast services regardless of geographic boundaries. In times of crisis, telemedicine plays an important role in delivering health services to deprived areas in a just manner. Usage of communications technology is inevitable, and due to the virtual nature of this kind of medical communication, recognition of certain ethical considerations seems essential. Successful examples of telemedicine are abundant throughout the world and usage of this technology is a helping solution for inadequacies in the healthcare system. In Iran, because of the geographical extent of the country, this technology can provide access to medical services in some cases.In order to achieve the best outcome in telemedicine, it is essential to respect confidentiality, privacy, informed consent and commitment to professionalism in this field.


Bioethics, Emerging Biotechnologies, and Society: Providing an Ethical Framework for Assessing Emerging Biotechnologies
Fatemeh Bahmani, Mahshad Noroozi, Narjes Kolahchi, Mostafa Ghanei,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Emerging biotechnologies contribute significantly to societal well-being by influencing social, economic, and health fields. Attitudes toward biotechnologies differ, in various situations and over time, based on new understanding and evidence. One issue always emphasized in the ethical evaluation of emerging technologies is their dangerous and problematic aspects for human life and well-being. Simultaneously, ethical assumptions can influence ethical decision-making toward employing these technologies, including liberty, technological optimism, determinism, the lifecycle, power, the form of life, technology neutrality, ambiguity, uncertainty, dual-use transformative potential, and the challenges that will be raised by them. For the ethical assessment of emerging technology, six principal methodologies are employed. The "principles-based approach" focuses on obtaining the intended goals rather than determining specific requirements, laws, standards, and obligations and avoids checklist design. The ethical principles raised by the principles-based approach are presented in this article, including risk-cost-benefit, adherence to individual rights, sustainability, naturalness, precautionary, trajectory, responsible stewardship, public beneficence, justice and fairness, democratic deliberation, and intellectual freedom.Finally, by presenting a conceptual model in applying the principles above in forming biotechnologies, eighteen operational recommendations are presented to facilitate the ethical evaluation and monitoring of emerging biotechnologies in the policy-making process in Iran.

Evaluation of Regional and Institutional Research Ethics Committees’ Effectiveness in Iran: Results from a Study Using a Self-Assessment Tool
Mahshad Noroozi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki, Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani, Fatemeh Bahmani, Mina Forouzandeh, Saeed Biroudian, Nazila Nikravan Fard, Mahshad Goharimehr, Akram Hashemi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
The research activities of developing countries have increased over the last two decades. The expansion and decentralization of ethics committees necessitates appropriate performance evaluation. In 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out on the Iranian research ethics Committees using the checklist called "Research Ethics Committee Self-Assessment Tool". The checklist was translated into Persian and revised based on the opinions of research ethics experts and the approved “regulation of establishment, grading, and description of duties for research ethics committees”. The electronic checklist was sent to the senior members of 269 research ethics committees. After gathering the data, it was analyzed using SPSS software. The response rate was 83%. The average overall score was 152.11 ± 25.173, or 69.14% of the maximum. The two sections (including continuing review (monitoring) and committee resources received less than 50% of the average score. The 138 research ethics committee scores were excellent and 85 committees were in the good range. The findings revealed that average scores are influenced by activity years, the number of monthly meetings, the presence of an approved annual budget, an approved quality improvement program, and having specific administrative staff. Completing the self-evaluation tool can raise the National Committee authorities' awareness about the adherence of the research ethics committees to the imperative standards. It can also lead to each committee's awareness of its strengths and challenges. Revision of national regulations governing the establishment, grading, and description of committee duties and then future self-evaluation can facilitate upgrading and improving the performance of ethics committees.

Attitudes of Medical Students Toward Patient-Centered Care at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2023-2024
Amirmahdi Taromiha, Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Mahshad Noroozi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Patient-centered care, which prioritizes patients' needs, values, and preferences, is a cornerstone of modern healthcare delivery.  This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of medical students at Iran University of Medical Sciences toward providing patient-centered care. This cross-sectional study included medical students in all academic degrees at Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) distributed online. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Of the 389 participants, 48.6% were male and 51.4% were female, with a mean age of 24.02±2.435 years. Moreover, 41.09% of the participants were in the clerkship stage, 40.9% were in the internship stage, and 14.7% had at least one parent who was a physician. The most preferred specialties were cardiology, surgery, and ophthalmology, respectively. The mean scores for the overall PPOS, sharing subscale, and caring subscale were 3.61± 0.50, 3.39± 0.64, and 3.83± 0.56, respectively, indicating a predominantly physician-centered attitude among students. There was a significant relationship between the mean scores of the three parts and gender (P-value<0.001), with female students demonstrating more patient-centered attitudes. Academic degree was significantly associated only with the mean score of the sharing subscale. The findings suggest that most medical students at Iran University of Medical Sciences exhibit a physician-centered attitude toward the physician-patient relationship. The results highlight the need for educational programs to promote patient-centered attitudes and enhance patient participation in diagnostic and treatment processes among medical students.

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