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Moral distress: evaluating nurses’ experiences
Maliheh Ameri, Zahra Safavi Bayat, Tahereh Ashktorab, Amir Kavoosi, Atefeh Vaezi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Moral distress is considered as an important issue in nursing. Nurses participation in ethical decision making and taking deliberate action are facing them with many ethical challenges in their work environment. Confronting those challenges can lead to moral distress. This descriptive study was conducted to determine moral distress and its contributing factors from the perspective of oncology nurses in Tehran teaching hospitals in 2011. Data collection was done through a demographic questionnaire, the Moral Distress Scale – revised (MDS-R) and a questionnaire on moral distress related factors administered to all oncology nurses with inclusion criteria. Findings showed that nurses reported a high level of moral distress overall. The highest level of moral distress was associated with giving inadequate information to patients about informed consent and carrying out a physicians’ order for unnecessary tests and treatments. A significant correlation was found between oncology nurses’ age, their work experience and employment status with moral distress. Institutional factors such as managers’ support, nurses’ autonomy and having determined duties had the greatest effect on moral distress from oncology nurses’ view. Oncology nurses commonly encounter situations that are associated with high levels of moral distress, and therefore strategies need to be developed in order to mitigate moral distress.
Transformation of the concept of filiation in the light of assisted reproductive technology
Mohammad Rasekh, . Faezeh Ameri, Zohreh Behjati Ardekani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract

The increasing use of infertility treatments has given rise to the issue of filiation of the children conceived through such methods and created serious theoretical challenges. In this regard, it seems necessary to scrutinise the concept of filiation and understand its nature. The main question here would be whether filiation is a biological and natural concept, or a legal and normative one. The present study attempted to explain and criticize both the natural and normative outlooks, and it seems that strong arguments may be put forth in criticism of the former and in defence of the latter.

This study employed an explanatory/analytical method whereby the claims related to the issue were studied, explained, and analysed in a theoretical and philosophical manner. The results showed that with the recent developments in assisted reproductive technologies, the current outlook, which considers filiation to be a biological concept, might give rise to various theoretical as well as moral and legal problems that the biological theory cannot solve. It can be concluded that filiation, as it seems prima facie, is not a purely biological concept and may be established on normative and upbringing bases.


Empathy among undergraduate nursing students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Tahmine Salehi, Zahra Arab Ameri, Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Agha Fatemeh Hosseini, Fatemeh Ghaffari,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract

Empathy is a necessary condition for an effective nursing care. An empathetic relationship between nurse and patients leads to positive treatment outcomes and moral sensitivity among students in clinical and educational environments. This study was conducted in 2014 to determine the level of empathy among nursing students and its relationship with their demographic data. A cross-sectional study (Descriptive analysis) was undertaken using paper-based versions of the Jefferson Scale of nursing Empathy. By using stratified random sampling, 320 undergraduate students from the first to forth-year of their program in Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected.

The result shows that participants reported good empathy levels, and the average of empathy score was 103 ±11. Empathy scores increased with increasing academic year. There was a significant relationship between sex and empathy. Students who did not passed the effective communication course scored higher than their counterparts. Empathy score increased with age, and older students recorded higher scores than their younger colleagues. Single and employed students recorded higher empathy scores than married and unemployed students.

There were no significant differences between the place of living (dormitory versus personal house), Interest in nursing education as well as their marks.

Regarding the relationship between empathy with students’ academic years, the finding offers insights into the importance of incorporating and promoting empathy in nursing curricula from the first year of training.

In addition, it is necessary to pay more attention to teaching empathy to male students.


“As Infertile” Couples and Iranian Legal System: A Theoretical and Comparative Study
Mohammad Rasekh, Saeedreza Ghaffari, Alireza Milanifar, Farhad Yaghmaie, Faezeh Ameri, Shirin Boroomand,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Development of new methods of treatments for infertility has given rise to a serious question as to the access to such methods. Determination of the ones who can access the mentioned treatments and the limits of this access, depends to the definition of infertility. The Law of the method for Embryo Donation to Infertile Couples according to Iranian legislature considers the infertile couple who “cannot reproduce in accordance with credible medical certificate” as eligible to receive the donated embryo. However, applicants for modern infertility treatment methods have gone beyond infertile couples and include those couples who wish, based on credible medical evidence, to avoid having unhealthy children, especially by using donation methods or surrogacy. Accordingly, having supported a preventive approach to ARTs, a new concept of infertility will appear on the horizon. Expanding this concept to couples who are considered fertile from a common medical perspective but give birth to seriously unhealthy children shall inevitably lead us to revise the common legal concept of infertility. Therefore, by resorting to ethical reasoning, laws, and regulations of various legal systems and Fiqhi opinions we can develop another interpretation of Embryo Donation Law and argue for the access of the “perceived as infertile” couples to the infertility treatment with the help of third parties.

From Nature to Nurture; A Brief Study of Comparative Law of Filiation of Children Resulting from Reproductive Methods with the Intervention of a Third Party
Mohammad Rasekh, Faezeh Ameri,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Filiation is one of the important legal issues which has gone under developments during the history of legal system. Over the modern times, along with the emergence of new methods of reproduction particularly those with the help of a third party, legal regulation of filiation of children resulting from such methods has encountered with new challenges. To whom these children are to be filiated? According to one of the traditions, the mother filiation is based on gestation and the father’s one on gamete. The question, however, is that whether these two criteria can regulate the filiation of such children in a consistent and effective manner. A study of laws and regulations of various countries gives us a negative answer. Laws that merely rely on these two criteria for the determination of filiation of those children would give rise to vagueness, undecidedness and uncertainty in this regard. Therefore, the necessity of a new criterion, i.e. that of intention, has been put forth. In this paper, we intend to study efforts made by legislators and judges of different legal systems so as to reach an effective and consistent criterion in this area.

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