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Spirituality-based education by role model nursing instructors: a qualitative study
Jamileh Mokhtari Noori , Abbas Ebadi, Fatemeh Alhani, Nahideh Rejeh,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
One of the key strategies in the students’ process of learning is being affected by role models. Recognition of the spiritual strategies of role model instructors for when nursing students are exposed to threats and obstacles to spiritual growth can enable nurses to deal with such situations. This study was conducted to investigate the experiences of nursing students about the spiritual strategies of role model instructors in the role modeling process. In this qualitative study, 22 nursing students were selected based on purposive sampling in 2012. Data were analyzed through content analysis. Data from three focus group discussions (n=20) and two individual interviews with nursing students were collected from five nursing schools in Tehran. Spiritual strategies for role modeling were classified in two main categories: religious beliefs establishment and commitment to ethics. The use of teaching strategies based on spirituality by role model instructors in hidden curriculum was an expression of their religious beliefs in the face of the challenges and obstacles that nursing students confront in their profession, and these strategies helped the spiritual growth of nursing students. It is therefore recommended to promote spiritual development in nursing education, and employ the spiritual strategies of role model instructors to encourage the spiritual growth of nursing students, on whom public health depends.
Cultural competency in nursing education: a review article
Somayeh Khezerloo, Jamileh Mokhtari,
Volume 8, Issue 6 (3-2016)
Abstract

Nurses face numerous patients with different cultural backgrounds and needs on a daily basis. Cultural diversity can be an obstacle in the way of providing quality healthcare services. Cultural competency is the proper response to cultural and ethnic diversity in the society. This research was conducted to define the concept of cultural competency in nursing education.

In this study, Persian and English keywords related to cultural competency, nursing education and nursing curriculum were first searched separately and in combination on the internet and in existing literature. Consequently, papers that were more directly related to the topic were chosen and their concepts were extracted. Cultural competency refers to a set of knowledge, views and skills used simultaneously to enable the individual to work efficiently in different cultural conditions. In this study, first cultural competency was defined and then the process of its acquisition, the facilitating factors, barriers and consequences were described.

Considering that in Iran cultural variables are affected by many different factors, it seems necessary to investigate cultural competency in the existing cultural conditions. Moreover, there seems to be a need for comprehensive planning to provide solutions for professors and students in this respect.


A review of the evolution and challenges in nursing role development
Shamsa Ahmadian, Jamileh Mokhtari,
Volume 9, Issue 6 (3-2017)
Abstract
Nursing role development was created to response to the challenge of balancing supply and demand in healthcare system. The aim of this study is to examine the evolution in nursing role development and subsequent experience in dealing with the challenges in the world. In this study, electronic resources were searched till to 2015 by English keywords contain 'Role development' and 'Nursing role' in combination and individually. Data were extracted from articles that were more relevant. This study found two approaches regarding nursing role development. First, the role extension that relates to progressing in the field of medicine and the traditional functions of physicians, and the role expansion that implies any enlargement of the nurse's role within the boundaries of nursing education, theory and practice. In many countries that seek to expansion/extension of the nurses’ role. However, despite the shortage that exist in nursing and also because of the increased workload of nurses, caused employment of workers with lower skills and in result multiple significantly challenges have been experienced.  In our country, nursing role development has not considerable progress. The current situation does not provide enough infrastructures such as the licensing professional qualification and data-based decision-making from monitoring the effect of changes on the quality of care. Therefore, decision-making about the implementation of any changes in the nursing profession and its role development, must be accomplished very prudential with regard to all aspects of the professional Ethics.
 

No to Ageism in Older People: A Review Paper
Fatemeh Estebsari, Maedeh Moradpoor Ivki, Mohadeseh Mokhtariyan Delooei,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (Supplement of 11th Annual Iranian Congress of Medical Ethics 2024)
Abstract
While the concept of ageism has existed across centuries, countries, contexts, and cultures, the term itself is relatively new and lacks a universal equivalent in many languages. Ageism encompasses stereotypes (how we think), prejudice, and discrimination directed towards individuals based on their age. Given the recent emergence and growing attention to this concept, this study aims to establish a common and consistent understanding of ageism within scientific literature. This review examined the concept of ageism in older adults. A search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted using the keyword "Ageism" and "Older adult," yielding 18,945 English-language abstracts published between 2014 and 2024. Two researchers independently reviewed the articles in two stages. An initial review of titles and abstracts resulted in the selection of 77 relevant papers. A subsequent full-text review narrowed the selection to 34 papers, of which 17 were ultimately included after a quality assessment. The findings encompassed various aspects of ageism, including types of ageism, its effects, determining factors, and strategies recommended by the World Health Organization to mitigate ageism. Age discrimination significantly diminishes the quality of life for older adults, increasing social isolation and loneliness. Ageism has profound and widespread consequences for individuals' health, well-being, and human rights. For older adults, ageism is associated with shorter life expectancy, poorer physical and mental health, slower recovery from disability, and cognitive decline. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to implement policies and laws, integrate ageism education into curricula from elementary school to university and in both formal and informal settings, and invest in interventions that foster intergenerational contact to effectively reduce age discrimination.

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