Showing 24 results for Mahmood
Gholamreza Mahmoodi Shan, Fatemeh Alhani, Fazl-O-Llah Ahmadi, Anooshirvan Kazemnejad,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2009)
Abstract
Zeinab Peymani, Zahra Asadi Kalameh, Maryam Sherafat, Farzad Mahmoodiyan,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2009)
Abstract
Majid Nimroozi, Alireza Salehi, Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh, Hossein Kiani, Mohammadhadi Imanieh, Mahmood Nejabat,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
The medical Arjuze is one of the less known works of Avicenna, a great Iranian scientist and physician, which is written didactically in Arabic. In this book, Avicenna has composed 1326 lines about a complete cycle of traditional medicine of Iran in Arabic in the form of battle cry. Didactic poetry is one of the poetry forms which its main purpose is to provide educational aims and to convey scientific terms both in literature and poetical way. Avicenna's poetry in Arjuze is simple and fluent. The medical topics are overviewed in a sketchy way and not in full details in this book. In this book, theoretical and practical medicines are explained in two specific parts.
The existence of French and English translations of Arjuze shows the value of this work for Europeans as a complete outline about medicine in that time, but there is no Persian translation of this work, available. Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine Research Centre of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences has started the translation of medical Arjuze with the aim of introducing this precious work which shows the educational pattern of traditional Iranian scientists in using didactic poetry.
The purpose of this article is to introduce the characteristics of Avicenna's Arjuze with an overview of his position in modern traditional medicine.
Farhang Babamahmoodi, Meysam Meftahi, Mohammad Khademloo, Ali Hesamzadeh ,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (7-2011)
Abstract
A review of the history of the Patient’s Bill of Rights reveals the universal significance of this subject in health systems management. There is a long history of attempts to raise respect for patient’s rights and setting the legal frameworks associated with those rights in the health care of many countries. The present study aimed to evaluate observance of the Patient’s Bill of Rights according to patients in the teaching hospitals of the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009 in all 4 teaching hospitals of the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences on 200 patients who were either hospitalized or about to be discharged at the time. Data were collected through interviews, using a fifteen-item Likert type questionnaire based on the Patient’s Bill of Rights, and its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data analysis was performed through ANOVAs and t-tests, using SPSS version 17 software.
The results showed that according to the population under study, the patients’ rights were respected in 14.59% of the cases based on the overall score of the Patient’s Bill of Rights. This figure was 16.63% for respect for patients, their privacy and, patient non-discrimination, 14.17% for patient information availability right, 14.15% for the right to make choices and decisions freely, and 13.20% regarding complaints. There was no meaningful relationship between patients’ views on observance of their rights and their sex (P = 0.106), education level (P = 0.723), marital status (P =0.260) and place of residence (P = 0.101).
Based on the findings of this study, observance of the Patient’s Bill of Rights was not satisfactory according to the population under study and from their viewpoint. It is therefore recommended that measures be taken to eliminate any obstacles preventing observance of patients’ rights and to improve the present conditions of hospitals in this respect.
Abd-Ol-Hassan Kazemi, Mostafa Kazemi, Mahmood Abbasi, Mehrzad Kiyani, Nejat Feyzollahi, Sadyar Ataloo, Mahmood Massodiniya,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract
End stage patient control and autonomy are core principles in human bio-medical ethics and key components of end-of-life (EOL) care. Albeit, according to modern medical ethics principles the centrality of the patient as decision maker may not be relevant to culturally diverse groups of end stage people. The purpose of this article is to present results of a literature review of end stage patient control and their family position within the context of end of life support. The review revealed that the interaction between medical control and ethical values in end of life support is multifaceted and unpredictable.
According to the recommendations of American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine End-of-Life Consensus Panel and some other world class medical and ethical societies, culturally effective end of life support includes the following essential elements
• acceptance of and respect for cultural differences among all end stage patients
• willingness to negotiate and compromise when world views differ
• understanding of one's own values and biases
• contact and communication skills that enhance empathy
• information of the cultural practices of patient groups should be seen on a regular basis and
• attention that all patients are individuals and may not share the same views as others within their own ethnic group
According to the above description, applicants identified five domains of quality end of life support:
1. receiving adequate pain control
2. avoiding inappropriate prolongation of the dying process
3. achieving a sense of control
4. relieving burden on loved ones and
5. strengthening relationships
We emphasize that, despite above mentioned points and advices maintaining a sense of control is an essential element in the end of life support for some individuals, further study of the interplay between ethnicity, desire for control, and achieving a good death is needed.
Morteza Khaghanizadeh, Hasn Maleki, Mahmood Abbasi, Abbas Abbasi Pour, Mahdi Mesri,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract
Medical ethics is an interdisciplinary knowledge which increasingly developed during the last 30 years, and nowadays it becomes a part of medical student’s curriculum. Although, the quality of medical education has improved in Iran, but medical ethics teaching has not accomplished effective alteration yet. For deeper and more actual recognition of the challenges of medical ethics curriculum, we interviewed medical ethics instructors in a qualitative study. The data was collected by semi-structured interview with fourteen medical ethics instructors of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1389 and analyzed by Mairing content analyzing approach. Results of this study shows weaknesses and challenges in medical ethics curriculum which presented under five themes: comprehensiveness of goals, composing organization, proportion of content, active teaching method, and comprehensive system of evaluation. According to this the existing weaknesses and challenges of medical ethics curriculum can be considered as important obstacles in moral development of students. Considering those challenges, can develop medical ethics curriculum and introduce new models for medical ethics teaching.
Mohammadreza Lashkarizadeh, Farzaneh Jahanbakhsh, Mitra Samareh Fekri, Bahram Poorseyyedi, Mahmood Aghaeei Afshar, Mostafa Shokoohi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1 2012)
Abstract
Disclosing the diagnosis of cancer to a patient could impact various aspects of their life. The present study was performed to evaluate the views of cancer patients about disclosure of the diagnosis of disease to them. The present study was conducted on 385 cancer patients in three teaching hospitals (Afzalipour, Shafa, and Bahonar) affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences between 2010 and 2011. These patients were evaluated for their views on revealing the diagnosis to them using a questionnaire that included the type of cancer, demographic information and their preferred manner of being informed of the diagnosis. Out of 385 cancer patients, 155 patients (%40) were aware of the diagnosis of their disease. The majority of patients who were aware of their diagnosis (%89) said they would like to know the diagnosis before treatment. Almost all patients who knew the diagnosis preferred to be aware of the prognosis of the disease and the complications of treatment. The only significant demographic variable was sex men were more eager to know the diagnosis of the disease (P value< 0.05). This study showed that the majority of cancer patients would like to be aware of the diagnosis, even though most of them were unaware that they had cancer.
Seyed Mahmood Tabatabaei,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
More than half a century has passed since the onset of successful life-saving and at times astonishing transplantations of organs from brain dead donors, numerous books and articles have been written on the subject, and local, regional and international meetings and conferences have been held. Nevertheless, no consensus has yet been reached among scholars of various fields such as medical sciences, religion, ethics and law on a number of generalities as well as theoretic and practical details of this issue.
There have been discussions on topics such as the organ donor’s legal will, gaining consent while the donor is still alive, seeking consent from the brain dead patient’s family, nature of the required organ, observance of religious, cultural and conventional standards, individuals’ dignity and so on. The main challenge to overshadow other factors has so far been the discord among experts, physicians and religious scholars specifically, over determining the time the spirit leaves the body, and a unified definition of death. Some researchers have attempted to minimize religious, ethical and legal challenges and thus facilitate organ donation following brain death by emphasizing the urgency of organ donation and the practices related to certain specialties, and even maintain that brain death is the equivalent of death and a lifeless body. Others have focused on the time of death and the spirit leaving the body based on lexical, religious and medical evidence, regardless of equality of brain death and death, and ensuing rulings. These researchers have thus separated the solution to the problem of those in need of transplants from considering brain death to occur at the same time when the spirit leaves the body, and encourage experts to seek different solutions.
Organ donation by brain dead patients is an undeniable social necessity that can be resolved without bringing about fundamental changes in lexical and jurisprudential concepts, and through other alternatives such as propounding “urgency”, declaring a patient “as good as dead” and in general “non-elucidated jurisprudential issues”. Through references to lexical, jurisprudential and medical sources and examination of previous research, the present article will review several definitions of death, spirit, and the time the spirit leaves the body, as these are concepts that are related to brain death for all practical purposes. The article also considers organ donation following brain death to be an undeniable and unavoidable fact of life in human societies, and will examine the necessity of altering lexical and jurisprudential concepts to accommodate current interests and goals.
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili, Mahmood Nekoeimoghadam, Atefeh Esfandiari, Fatemeh Ramezani, Hedayat Salari,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
In recent years, the financial relationship between the physician and the patient and some issues such as informal payments for health care have arisen as an unethical but common problem in many countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Such issues are a threat to the professional reputation of physicians, and can have their own causes in different parts of the world. This study attempts to assess the causes of informal payments and the manners in which they are done in the hospitals of the Kerman Province in Iran in 2012.
This study was carried out using qualitative research methods, and semi-structured interviews. Structured interviews were conducted on a purposeful sample of 45 participants including patients, providers and policy makers in the Kerman province in Iran in 2012. This study was authorized by the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, and the consent form was completed by all participants. In this study the participants were asked questions regarding reasons for informal payments, and data were analyzed using content analysis.
There are several reasons for making informal payments, which include cultural, legal and quality factors. A number of reasons for asking informal payments by providers were discovered, including those related to tariffs, structural factors and ethical factors as well as to demonstrate the skill and competence of service providers.
Most of the reasons discovered for informal payments in Iran are similar to other countries in the world. They showed that inadequate funding of the health systems and inadequate formal payments to providers are the most important supply-side factors leading to informal payments. Given that qualitative studies usually cover potential reasons only, further studies are needed to investigate the matter more extensively.
Batool Nehrir, Yaser Saeid, Abbas Ebadi, Mohammad Najafloo, Hadi Khoshab, Hossein Mahmoodi, Akbar Mozafarpoor,
Volume 7, Issue 6 (3-2015)
Abstract
Nowadays, ethics is an important factor that can determine the clinical competency of nurses. The aim of this study was to compare the moral intelligence of nurses in civilian and military hospitals.In this descriptive-comparative study, 315 nurses from hospitals in Tehran and Kerman were recruited by convenience sampling. Lennick & Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory was used for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests including T- test, ANOVA and Chi-square test.149 study subjects were military nurses and the remaining 166 were civilians. The nurses’ moral intelligence was found to be at an average level. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between the moral intelligence level of civilian and military nurses (P < 0.001).The results showed that the moral intelligence of most nurses in this study was at an average level. It is therefore recommended that health managers pay more attention to this issue and incorporate it into the required courses for their employees especially during service training. Moreover, offering extensive training courses on ethical issues is a solution that should be considered in military hospitals.
Maryam Zahedi, Omid Asemani, Hossein Mahmoodian,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the rate of cesarean section in Iran. Physicians can have an active role in controlling this rate as they are truthfully consulted and followed by the general public. The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education has also adopted new policies to control the national cesarean rate. The present study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude of medical residents towards elective cesarean section versus normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in 2015.
In this cross-sectional study, residents of four major fields of specialty (obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, general surgery and internal medicine) were interviewed using a researcher-made questionnaire. The face and content validity and reliability of the instrument were determined, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.77. A total of 108 residents with the mean age of 32.89 participated in the study. Of this number, 53 reported at least one personal experience of childbirth (their own or that of their wives) with a satisfaction rate of 9.5 and 6.3 out of 10 for NVD and cesarean respectively. The mean score of the domains of "knowledge", "attitude" and "function" were 3.5, 3.6 and 3.3 (out of 5) respectively. There was a meaningful correlation between the variable of "sex" and the domain of "knowledge", "specialty" and all three domains, and "methods of delivery" and the two domains of "attitude" and "function". 34.3% of the residents chose "mandatory public education of pregnant women" as the first step to decrease the cesarean rate.
It can be concluded that educating pregnant women should be the main strategy for decreasing the cesarean rate in Iran. Considering the significance of medical specialists’ "knowledge", "attitude" and "function” with regard to the method of delivery chosen by pregnant women, it is recommended to develop specialty educational programs in line with the policies of the Iranian Ministry of Health to decrease the cesarean rate
Azam Mahmoodi, Lotfali Khani, Mozaffar Ghaffari,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Abstract
The cultural competence, responsibility and ethical beliefs are influential factors in providing quality services by nurses and pay an important role in patient's right. The purpose of this research was to illustarte a predictive model of patient's right based on cultural competence, responsibility and ethical beliefs. The research method was correlational study conducted in 2016 among 300 nurses in west Azerbaijan in 2016, selected by multistage cluster sampling. For gathering the data, the Perng and Watson’s nurses’ cultural competence questionnaire, and the Mergler and Shield responsibility questionnaire as well as the Mahmoudi and et al questionnaire on ethical beliefs and Scale rights of patients were used. The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlational coefficient and bootstrap through SPSS software and amos-22. The results indicated that the model was fitted and has direct effect in cultural competence (0.11), responsibility (0.57) and ethical beliefs (0.24) on nurse’s attitude with the rights of patients were significant. The indirect effects of cultural competence (0.03) and responsibility (0/03) with mediating of forming the model of ethical beliefs were significant. In conclusion, %65 of the variance in nurses’ attitudes to the patients' rights was determined by the variables of this research model. Due to the direct and indirect effects of cultural competence, responsibility and ethical beliefs on the attitudes of nurses towards patients' rights, it is important to increase cultural competence relationship and responsibility with nurses’ attitudes towards patient’s rights by focusing on ethical beliefs.
Seyed Mohamad Hasan Alamolhoda, Mohamad Rasol Imani Khoshkho, Mahmood Motavasel, Mahmood Motaharynia,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
In its broad sense, health encompasses a wider area than simply physical health. It includes mental, social and spiritual health as well. There is evidence that a child inherits from his parents not only genetic traits but also morality and acquirable traits epigenetically. This means that the parents, especially the mother, have a double responsibility towards their children. In the Islamic literature there are general recommendations regarding choosing a spouse, as well as norms of fertilization, and time of conception; these could be explained today as epigenetic factors in shaping a child’s personality. Some specific recommendations are as follows: Refraining from marrying an ill-humored woman; remembering god at the time of fertilization; and avoiding intercourse at special places, times, states and situations, which would have negative influences on a person’s psyche. Although these cannot be explained on the basis of experimental criteria, their effect on the health of the fetus is worth studying using appropriate methodology. Influence of maternal health on child health in terms of environment, genetics, and epigenetics are the areas that will be explored more by research in Islamic and new scientific resources.
Hossein Mahmoodian, Hamide Barzegar,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Patients have the right to make decision about their medical care. Thus, all the available information regarding decision-making should be provided for them. In surgical context, informed consent is essential for therapeutic relationship between patient and surgeon and sustains mutual trust and shared responsibility for decision making. Thus before surgery, the surgeon should describe available treatments, benefits and harms of them to the patients. So the patient can make a correct decision. In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients underwent gynecological surgery in a hospital in Shiraz during 2014 were recruited. The questionnaire which was used in this study had three parts. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated using expert panel and SPSS software. In this study, there was no significant association between age, marriage status, job, home place, emergency or elective surgery and the amount of informed consent. There was significant difference between patients with primary school education and patients with higher education. Patients’ participation in decision making was 57%. Patients’ information about their rights in hospital and the amount of reading informed consent form were poor. This survey shows that the amount of informed consent obtained from patients is poor. So, we should consider some changes in content and obtaining informed consent.
Mohsen Rezaei Aderyani, Saeid Nazari Tavakkoli, Mehrzad Kiani, Mahmood Abbasi, Mohsen Javadi,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Medical ethics is an old science. Some of its issues have historical precedence, and others are modern challenges, and have emerged with advances in technology. One of such historic but newly emerging challenges is "bi’natijeghi-e-pezeshki (futile treatment)", which is defined as the treatment that cannot achieve its goal. This term entered medical literature as "medical futility" in late 1980s. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that this term should only be used when the desired outcome following medical procedure and the outcome sought by the medical team and patient/family (patient's health) is unlikely to be realized. There are various equivalents for this term in our country (Islamic Republic of Iran), including "bi’fayedegi-e-pezeshki (medical uselessness)", "bi’houdeghi (frivolity) in medicine", and even "inappropriate treatment". The present article aimed to find a suitable Persian equivalent for this concept. The use of interpretations such as "frivolity" or "uselessness" may cause misunderstanding between patient/family and the medical team, and can ruin the trust between patient/family and the medical team. Thus, the best alternative to this English term appears to be "bi’natijeghi-e-pezeshki (futile treatment)".
Hossein Mahmoodian, Haseli Sara,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Ethical approach is one of the most important features of medical staffs expected to be used. One of the most important diseases that have been allocated to high moral challenges is HIV/AIDS. Nurses should provide standard care to these patients in their professional careers. In this descriptive study, 136 nurses working in the internal and surgical wards of one of the hospitals in Shiraz were selected through a cross-sectional questionnaire in 2015.Frequency of compliance with ethical values of nurses toward HIV/AIDS patients within various aspects showed that in total 40.4% of nurses in the observance of moral values has unsatisfactory performance, 33.1% relatively good performance and 26.5% has optimal performance. (P-value: 0.018)The mean score of different dimensions to separate parts of questionnaire showed no significant difference in dealing with AIDS patients among nurses according to different ages, sex and working years. The mean score of the separation of education in the respect of client/patient and keep his human dignity significantly differ between Diploma, B.S and M.S. Findings showed poor compliance with ethical code among nurses toward HIV/AIDS patients. Due to importance of ethical approach towards patients especially this vulnerable group of patients, regular educational program in relation to AIDS patients, in order to improve the quality of services, is recommended.
Mohammad Khodayari Fard, Bagher Ghobri Bonab, Faramarz Sohrabi , Abdollah Khorami Markani, Enayatollah Zamanpoor, Roya Raghebian , Gholamali Afrooz, Valiollah Farzad , Nasrin Mahmoodi, Behnoosh Zeinalizadeh , Narges Tankamani,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Spiritual intelligence is a set of personal capacities that helps to adaptation and problem solving. The aim of this study was determining domains and construct validity of cultural and religious context of spiritual intelligence scale in Iranian students. In this mixed methodological study, we assessed the existing scales, and selected 62 items. Then we interviewed with 67 students and derived 42 items. We determined the scale construct validity by exploratory factor analysis with 1000 students' samples that were selected by stratified random sampling from universities. The ethics permission of study was obtained from ethical committee of Tehran university. Factor analysis reduced items number from 104 to 39. Among 10 dimensions in theoretical model, 7 dimensions explained the 60.21% of scale total variance. These dimensions were meaning perception and religious works effect; perception and extension of consciousness; perception of extraordinary phenomena superior than material being; existential critical thinking; personal meaning production ability; problem solving by using spiritual resources, and spiritual adaptation in interpersonal relationship. Inter items’ reliability was determined by internal consistency as 0.731 to 0.906 and the scale total reliability was 0.945. A 39 items’ spiritual intelligence scale with optimal psychometric properties and acceptable structural model based on Iranian religious and cultural practices can be used as a valid and reliable scale in community of Iranian students.
Zahra Mahmoodzadeh, Tahereh Ashktorab, Seid Mohammad Kazem Naeeni,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the most common ethical issues in nursing profession is moral distress which causes discomfort and impedes nurses proper moral performance, despite having sufficient knowledge. Moral distress disturbs the relationship between nurse and patient which leads to the decreased quality of care. Caring behaviors greatly contribute to improving the quality of care and patient safety. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between moral distress and caring behaviors of nurses in intensive care units of Bandar Abbas hospitals in 2018. This was a descriptive correlational study that was performed on 173 nurses working in ICU and NICU departments of Bandar Abbas hospitals. The data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, the moral distress scale of nurses of intensive care units, and nursing Caring Behaviors Inventory. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. Moral distress in nurses in the intensive care unit was in the middle range (1.75 ± 0.81 of 4 score). Also, the mean score of nurses' caring behavior was 5.28 ± 0.48 of 6 score which was considered as an acceptable level. There was a significant negative correlation between moral distress and caring behavior (r = -0.150, P = 0.049). Regarding the importance of moral distress, as well as the role of caring behaviors in improving the quality of care of nurses and satisfaction of patients, it seems necessary that nurses get more familiarized with this concept and attempts to provide solutions for coping and reducing moral distress and improving nurses' caring behaviors.
Arefe Marzoghi, Hossein Mahmoodian,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cyber-ethics skills and behaviors of students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) using descriptive and survey research. Three categories of students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was selected as statistical population in this study including medical, dentistry, and bachelor of nursing and midwifery in academic year of 2016-2017. A group of 200 students were selected using a simple random sampling method for the study. Data analyzed using SPSS software (22) and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that students' cognitive skills and ethical behaviors are lower than acceptable level. Also, there was no significant difference between students based on demographic characteristics e.g. gender, field of study and educational level regarding their skills and ethical behaviors.
Zahra Aghabeiglooei, Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Seyed Mohammad Hashemimehr, Roshanak Saghebi, Morteza Mojahedi, Seyyed Amir Hosein Latifi, Mehdi Salehi, Seyed Abdollah Mahmood,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Evaluating and analyzing scientific productions play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of research and effectively managing research resources. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the content of theses in the field of the history of medical sciences in Iranian universities from 2013 to 2022. This applied study was conducted using the quantitative content analysis method. The findings revealed that the highest number of theses were completed in 2022 (19.2%), with topics related to traditional medicine and traditional pharmacy being the most prevalent. Descriptive and descriptive-analytical studies were the most common research methods. Moreover, the most frequent keywords included “Medical History”, “Traditional Medicine”, and “Iranian Medicine” and their Persian equivalents. Regarding historical periods, the Islamic period (from the emergence of Islam to the early Safavid era) accounted for the highest number of theses, while the contemporary period had the lowest. The results indicated a research focus on traditional medicine and the Islamic period, highlighting the need for further exploration of other historical periods and the use of qualitative methods to deepen understanding of historical complexities.
