Euthanasia, defined as the intentional ending of a patient's life to relieve intractable suffering, presents complex ethical, legal, and emotional challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses. Nurses play a pivotal role in end-of-life care, making their attitudes toward euthanasia crucial for understanding its implications in clinical practice. This review aims to synthesize existing literature on nurses' attitudes about euthanasia to identify key influencing factors and areas requiring further exploration. This study was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guideline with no time limitation (by December 2024). Eligible articles were selected following a search in various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar) using keywords and operators of “AND” & “OR.” The search strategy included “Perceptions” OR “Attitudes” OR “Nurse” AND “Euthanasia.” Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers (SR and NT). Studies were evaluated with the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS Tool). A total of 21 studies were included in the review. The review revealed that nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia vary widely depending on legal frameworks, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and personal values. In countries where euthanasia is legalized, such as Belgium and the Netherlands, nurses often report greater acceptance and willingness to participate in the process, emphasizing their role in ensuring patient autonomy and dignity. Conversely, in regions where euthanasia is illegal, nurses frequently express ethical concerns, moral distress, and reluctance to support the practice. Common themes include the need for clear guidelines, ethical training, and emotional support systems for nurses dealing with euthanasia-related situations. Nurses’ attitudes about euthanasia are influenced by a complex interplay of cultural, legal, and personal factors. While some nurses view euthanasia as an extension of compassionate care, others experience ethical dilemmas and professional conflict. This highlights the need for robust ethical frameworks, specialized training, and supportive resources to help nurses navigate the challenges associated with euthanasia in their practice.
