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The Quality of Informed Consent from Inpatients' Viewpoint at Educational Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study
Omid Asemani, Maryam Shabani Abadeh, Sedigheh Ebrahimi,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Obtaining informed consent is for protection of patients' rights. The aim of informed consent is not decreasing physicians' responsibility.Informed consent assists the patient in making a decision concerning their care, improve their satisfaction, and decrease legal litigations. This study examined patients' attitude toward the quality of informed consent and its challenges in educational -clinical settings. Current qualitative research was simple content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 hospitalized patients who were selected by purposeful sampling method considering type and severity of the disease, gender, age, and satisfaction or dissatisfaction from the management. The data was analyzed using MAXQDA 2007 software. Primary codes and categories were extracted then the findings were presented based on the main. Five themes were extracted from the data: "meaning, importance and status of consent in medicine", "consequences of obtaining consent", "the role of patient and therapist in the process of informed consent", "challenges of making informed consents" and "facilitators in the process of informed consent"; all could define and compile the main theme “doctor, patient, and procedural elements, three pillars of informed consent”. Inadequate explanation to the patient, signing the form prior to read it, lack of trust to the practitioner, disregarding patients' psychologic needs and stress and obtaining the consent by someone other than the physician was among the main reported challenges of informed consent. Correction and standardization of obtaining informed consent's culture requires knowledge about current situation followed by training, enforcement, supervision, encouragement, and punishment.  Collaboration of health care team needs comprehension of necessity and importance of this issue and its consequences.

Moral Sensitivity in Psychiatric Nurses: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Fariba Borhani, Mariye Jenabi Ghods, Ladan Fattah Moghadam, Tahereh Gilvari, Amirreza Rafiei Javazm, Mahshad Naserpour, Mohammad Javad Hosseinabadi ‑farahani,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Moral sensitivity is a fundamental characteristic of professional ethics in nursing, significantly influencing patient care. This qualitative study aimed to explore the concept of moral sensitivity among psychiatric nurses. The study employed a qualitative approach using content analysis. Participants included 15 psychiatric nurses working at Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Iran, selected through purposive sampling based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining ethical approval, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and managed using MAXQDA software. Data analysis was conducted following Granheim and Lundman’s five-step method (2004), and the trustworthiness of the findings was ensured using Guba and Lincoln’s criteria. The findings revealed three main categories and six subcategories:
  1. Ethical Knowledge (comprising clinical experience and education, and professional development).
  2. Ethical and Legal Conflicts (including discrepancies between ethical principles and legal frameworks, and challenges in ethical decision-making within complex legal situations).
  3. Ethical Atmosphere (encompassing individual ethics and organizational ethics).
Based on these findings, it is recommended that these insights be integrated into nursing education, research, and management to enhance care for patients with psychiatric disorders.

The Strategy of Nursing Managers in Ethical Decision-Making: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Mostafa Roshanzadeh, Ali Taj, Somayeh Mohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
In the current health system conditions, the strategies adopted by nursing managers in their ethical decision-making can lead to different results for patients, nurses, and health systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain ethical decision-making strategies implemented by nursing managers. The present study was conducted using qualitative content analysis in 2022 at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. A total of 18 nursing managers were selected through purposive sampling and were interviewed using in-depth unstructured individual interviews. Data were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The results revealed one main category (human-centeredness) and three subcategories (customer-centeredness, valuing employees’ dignity, and the conflict between respecting the rights of patients and employees and adhering to organizational policies). Nursing managers attempted to make their ethical decisions based on the principle of humanism by using customer-centeredness strategies, valuing employees’ dignity, and prioritizing the rights of individuals and employees over organizational rules. The results of the present study showed nursing managers make decisions in line with respecting the rights of patients and employees. However, sometimes these decisions conflict with the interests of organizations. In this regard, the existing obstacles that create the conditions for such conflicts should be identified. Increasing organizational commitment in managers can also be effective in decisions that benefit different groups of customers, personnel, and health organizations.

Identifying Factors Influencing Upholding Research Ethics from the Perspective of Postgraduate Students: A Qualitative Study
Mitra Bahrami, Mohadeseh Shaygan Jamal, Maryam Afshari, Omid Najm Roshan,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Research ethics is a branch of professional ethics that deals with the ethical principles guiding the research process from the beginning to the end. Ignoring ethical issues in research sometimes occurs unintentionally and simply due to a lack of awareness regarding professional research ethics. Therefore, this study aimed to identify facilitators and inhibitors of adherence to ethics in research conducted by postgraduate students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. This qualitative study was conducted using an inductive content analysis approach. The target population included postgraduate students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 29 students who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the method proposed by Diekelmann et al. For data validation, Strauss and Corbin’s method was utilized. Factors influencing adherence to research ethics included individual and personality traits (accuracy and ethical conduct of students and professors and having sufficient information about research ethics) and environmental factors (information dissemination and familiarity with research methods, the professors’ interactions with students, confidentiality of information, strictness of professors, having a clear framework from the university, respecting students’ rights, and establishing deterrent regulations). Strengthening facilitators and mitigating inhibitors of adherence to research ethics requires joint efforts from students, professors, and the university. Students need to develop accuracy and awareness, and professors should serve as ethical role models. University officials are required to create and propose clear frameworks for adhering to ethics, to be followed by all individuals involved in research.

Quantitative Evaluation of Scientific Articles in the Thematic Field of “History of Medicine in the Safavid Period” in Iran (2001-2024)
Zahra Aghabeiglooei, Roshanak Saghebi, Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Morteza Mojahedi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
The history of medicine during the Safavid period (907-1135 AH) in Iran, as one of the important periods, has always been the focus of researchers. The main objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative evaluation of articles related to the “history of medicine in the Safavid period” in Iran. This descriptive-analytical, applied study was conducted using a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study comprised all scientific productions on the history of medicine in the Safavid period indexed in domestic and international scientific databases over 22 years, from 2001 to March 2024. During the period under review, a total of 247 articles in the field of the history of medicine in the Safavid period were published with the participation of 542 authors. In terms of thematic orientation, 18.2% of the published works were on the biographies of physicians, while research, translation, and editing of medical manuscripts ranked next with 16.1%. Among universities and scientific centers, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University ranked first. Male participation accounted for approximately 60%, exceeding that of female authors, and about 68% of the works were the result of collaborative research. The Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine published the highest number of articles. The most common type of publication was original research articles. Content analysis showed that, despite significant growth in this research field, an excessive concentration on specific topics, such as physicians’ biographies, has limited scholarly attention to other dimensions of medical history in this period, highlighting the need for broader and more balanced research perspectives.

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