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Assessing the Need to Pay Attention to the Ethical Considerations of Medical Staff in Dealing with Patients with Covid-19
Mehdi Basouli , Seedeh Derakhsh,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
In recent decades, on the one hand, we have faced atmospheric phenomena and environmental changes, and on the other hand, with the emergence of new diseases called emerging diseases. Managing emerging diseases requires an ethical approach to control and care for them. Ethical problems raising from new diagnostic and therapeutic advances in medical science have increased the need to address medical ethics. One of these emerging diseases of the present century, which is faced by almost the whole world and its problems, is coronavirus (COVID-19). The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing attention of medical staff towards ethical considerations in the care of patients with COVID-19. In this study, in addition to the use of articles published in English related to this disease from late 2019 to early 2020, as well as using national researches by different research groups, different dimensions of the disease is reviewed; Interviews were conducted with the COVID-19 recovered patients who were hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd Province from the beginning of February 2020 to the end of October 2020. Studies showed the need to put ethical considerations in the care of patients with COVID-19 by training health care providers about professional ethics and medical ethics in the pandemic of the virus in order to optimally manage the disease

Ethical Challenges of Care and Treatment for Patients with COVID-19 in a Hospital from the Perspective of Service Providers
Roya Malekzadeh, Afshin Amirkhanlou, Ghasem Abedi, Fereshteh Araghian Mojarad,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19, lack of standard treatment, time constraints, and lack of resources are challenges around the world. Considering the importance of ethics in providing care to patients with emerging diseases, this study was conducted to explain the ethical challenges in care and treatment for patients with COVID-19. The present study was conducted by qualitative content analysis during 2019. Participants were 22 infectious disease physicians and nurses of COVID-19 care wards with at least five years of experience in hospitals of Mazandaran province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on the purpose and method of snowball after obtaining informed consent from participants and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed using Granheim Lundman method. Guba and Lincoln proposed criteria were used for the accuracy and robustness of the study. In the present study, five main themes and 18 sub-themes were extracted. Respect for patients' rights, maintaining patient independence, preventing the effects of stigma and discrimination against patients, lack of comprehensive support, and lack of support and accountability of the authorities were the main ethical challenges in caring for patients during the admission period. According to the findings of the study, solutions to address ethical challenges, protect patients' rights and provide quality care through informed and ethical decision-making to increase patient satisfaction and improve their health are recommended.

Conflict of Jurisprudential Rules and the Obligation of Self-Preservation with Ethical Standards in the Care and Management of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Behnam Ghanbarpour ,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
Common sense, according to rules such as no harm and no harm, the obligation to repel probable harm, the denial of embarrassment, the sanctity of induction in motion, the repulsion of harm from oneself is rationally and religiously obligatory, whether harmful or rationally possible; on the other hand in the teachings Islamic ethics embodies concepts such as self-sacrifice, compassion, cooperating, patience, benevolence, and the preservation of human dignity. The question that arises is whether physicians and caregivers are allowed to leave, according to the holy verse, "I should not leave until I die." Will their mission be to manage contagious diseases such as Corona virus infection? The present study, which has been organized by analytical and descriptive methods in order to combine the ethical principles of caring for infectious patients on the one hand and the rules related to protecting one's life from stagnation and eliminating self-harm, does not reflect the patient leaving in these conditions. Considers it against human dignity; therefore, it is appropriate for physicians and nurses, apart from their job duties, while strengthening the spirit of self-sacrifice and compassion in themselves, based on the rules of the medical system and the ethical principles governing the rules of jurisprudence, with strict and complete observance of health instructions. The rule of "Al-Misr Lightrak Bal-Masour" while protecting their health to care for and treat patients with coronary heart disease.

The Relationship between Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies of the family members of Patients with Coronavirus Admitted to the Intensive Care Units of Ardabil Medical centers
Dariush Azimi,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
The widespread and increasing number of deaths due to the Corona virus has caused many psychological injuries, including stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the relationship between perceived stress and coping strategies of the family members of patients with Corona virus admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Ardabil medical centers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. Sampling was done by available method among the companions of patients with Corona virus infection admitted to the ICU (between May and September 2020). The number of research samples according to the results of a pilot study was estimated at 462 people. Available sampling method was used for sampling. Data collected included patient demographics, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and the Blinges-Moss Coping Styles Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Spearman and Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance by SPSS software version 24. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of perceived stress were 44.80 ± 5.92 and emotion-oriented and problem-oriented coping styles were 19.08 ± 3.02 and 32.35 ± 5.54, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficient test showed a significant relationship between perceived stress with problem-oriented coping style (r = 0.321) and emotion-oriented coping style (r = 0.113) (p <0.05). This study showed that the companions of coronary patients admitted to the intensive care unit use more emotional coping methods, which results in increased emotional behaviors. Therefore, in order to help the psychological health of coronary patients, it is possible to strengthen the application of problem-oriented coping style by designing and implementing educational and supportive-care programs.

Components of Good Governance in the Corona Era by Looking at the Approvals of the National Anti-Corona Headquarters (with Emphasis on the Legal and Managerial Dimension)
Fezzeh Salimi, Mohammad Bagher Parsapour, Zahra Nikkhah Farkhani,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
 Corona is a global crisis that has affected government systems. The transition from crisis to crisis requires prudent measures. Governance is a continuous process through which conflicting interests are harmonized and cooperative actions are taken. The latest theory in this concept is good governance, which is doubly important in times of crisis. Good governance is the product of the favorable participation of the three institutions of government, civil society and the private sector. The components of good governance are numerous from the perspective of the World Bank, the United Nations, and thinkers in this field. The National Anti-Corona Headquarters was established by the order of the Supreme Leader and based on the approval of the Supreme National Security Council in March 2020 to take appropriate decisions regarding the treatment of Covid-19 disease, including announcing closures and other restrictive measures in case of violation of health instructions. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to explain the components of good governance in this period according to the unique legislative approvals in this field, while determining the competence of the mentioned headquarters in regulating. From the authors' point of view, the approvals of the Corona National Headquarters as one of the sub-councils of the Supreme National Security Council are beyond the ordinary law and among the existing components; Efficiency and effectiveness, transparency and accountability and pivotal consensus were recognized.

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