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A Review of the Ethical Challenges in Health Technologies (Case Study: Digital Health Technologies)
Faezeh Ezzati Arasteh Pour, Hossein Aliahmadi Jeshfaghani,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Recent developments in the digital domain and its influence in the health sector have led to the development of digital health technologies. The development of these technologies in addition to the benefits such as lowering medical care costs and improving the quality of patient care, has introduced new ethical challenges into the field of medicine. In this study, 25 articles were identified on the ethical challenges in digital health technologies by using literature review. These articles were in areas of mobile health, electronic health records, telemedicine, electronic health, wearable and big data technologies. The ethical challenges found in the articles reviewed in the field of digital health include: the privacy challenges that are due to the creation of huge data sources in this type of technology, how to ensure access justice, challenges for determining the responsibilities of surgical and technical members in telemedicine technologies, changing the patient's role, challenges regarding data ownership and patient access to raw data, the challenge of balancing the privacy of patient information and data sharing in advancing the community's science and health big data, and guaranteed quality of provided health information. These surveys can be effective in identifying challenges and developing ethical guidelines before developing and applying these types of technologies.

 
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Implementing Electronic Health Rrecords in Iran
Hossein Riazi, Somayyeh Abedian, Hamid Moghaddasi,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (11-2023)
Abstract
In summary, this project was carried out in the following steps: reviewing the literature, determining the ethical and legal aspects of the implementation of the electronic health records, reviewing the existing laws and regulations in Iran, identifying the shortcomings and localizing the ethical and legal aspects of implementing electronic health records in Iran, and providing operational suggestions. By reviewing the literature, a list of ethical aspects of electronic health records was extracted and analyzed. Moreover, through reviewing the laws and regulations, it was shown that in the last decade, numerous and diverse laws have been passed in the field of electronic health, especially regarding electronic health records, and there is no serious legal gap in this field in the country. However, certain serious problems were observed including non-implementation or incomplete implementation of some existing laws and regulations, lack of sufficient technical and executive regulations and determining the examples of deviation from the goals of the laws and regulations or their correct implementation, and lack of implementation guarantee for some laws and regulations. Based on the studied documents, the current state of electronic health records in Iran was investigated from legal and ethical aspects, and operational suggestions were presented for its reformation and promotion.

Ethical Considerations of Using Electronic Health Records by Healthcare Providers
Hamid Moghaddasi,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
The ethical use of patient medical records by healthcare providers is fundamentally guided by the patient's right to privacy and confidentiality, enshrined in patient rights charters. Users of patient medical records are categorized as authorized (e.g., clinicians directly involved in patient care) and unauthorized (e.g., administrative staff, external entities). This categorization informs both internal and external information disclosure policies. Authorized users access patient records based on the "need to know" principle, ensuring confidentiality while adhering to internal disclosure protocols. Unauthorized users have limited access, primarily governed by external disclosure policies that restrict access to personally identifiable information.
The transition from paper-based to electronic health records (EHRs) significantly alters the ethical landscape for healthcare providers. While paper records primarily raised concerns about physical security, EHRs present unique ethical challenges in three key areas:
1. Respect for Patient Information: Proper use of patient data requires a deep understanding of the ethical implications of accessing and utilizing sensitive information.
2. Privacy and Confidentiality: Maintaining patient privacy and confidentiality in the digital age requires robust security measures and a commitment to data protection best practices.
3. Data Integrity and Accessibility: Ensuring the accuracy, completeness, and accessibility of EHR data while maintaining patient privacy presents a complex challenge.
Healthcare providers, particularly physicians and nurses with extensive EHR access, must prioritize patient privacy and data confidentiality when utilizing information technology in patient care. This includes proactively mitigating threats to data security and adhering to strict ethical guidelines for data access and use.

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