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Showing 11 results for Ethical Challenges
Ethical challenges in the community pharmacy setting from the perspective of the faculty members of Shiraz School of Pharmacy and pharmacy practitioners: a qualitative study
Shahin Reisnejadian, Sedigheh Ebrahimi, Shiva Hemmati,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (2-2016)
Abstract

Pharmacists serve as members of both the society and the health care team, which may involve them in activities that could be the subject of ethical query. They can face issues and problems in the workplace that may raise questions as to whether their acts are appropriate, right, just or legal.

This study aims to explore ethical issues from the perspective of pharmacists and to examine their reasoning processes regarding social phenomena such as ethical challenges. Moreover, it explores the ethical decision-making strategies that pharmacists employ when dealing with such problems in pharmacies and in their interactions with people.

This was a qualitative content analysis study. The participants were chosen using purposeful sampling from community pharmacists and the academic staff of the School of Pharmacy at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals and analyzed using content analysis approach.

Analysis of the interviews led to extraction of the following six categories: pharmacists' understanding of key ethical concepts; pharmacists' experiences and duties; relationship with other health professionals; the pharmacy as a commercial setting; the difference between the practice of ethics in pharmacy, medicine and nursing from the perspective of pharmacists; and the actual response of pharmacists in confronting ethical problems.  Each of the above-mentioned categories were further divided into sub-classifications describing specific ethical challenges in pharmacy practice

Awareness of ethical issues and professional guidelines is a fundamental part of the education of health care professionals and provides a structure that will enable them to assess ethical problems and make appropriate, justifiable decisions. The findings of this study indicate the need for implementation of professional guidelines and codes of ethics in pharmacy practice to cover all ethical issues


Evaluation and comparison of conventional ethical decision-making models in medicine
Mansoure Madani, Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract

Moral dilemmas are among the most important challenges in medical ethics. Dilemmas can occur frequently during a physician’s career and if physicians lack the ability and skills to solve them, they may be pushed to unethical behavior. Bioethics experts have always been concerned with solving ethical dilemmas in the medical profession and facilitating physicians’ decision-making process. Therefore, they often try to find useful and practical solutions by combining the views of different schools of ethics. Designing decision-making models is part of their effort to apply ethics in medicine. It is impossible to solve dilemmas without acquiring the necessary skills, and the ability to apply a decision-making model can be part of the training process.

These models aim to facilitate ethical decision-making in the field of health care by providing various frameworks. This article aims to introduce and evaluate the popular models of ethical decision-making in medicine in the hope of helping physicians choose appropriate solutions when faced with moral challenges. By presenting the advantages of applying the model approach and offering a brief introduction to popular models, the article recommends applying the approach in analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas. Although the models each have their advantages and disadvantages, becoming proficient in their application will facilitate ethical decision-making for physicians.


Ethical and Legal Challenges of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing
Azam Rasti, Reza Behnamfar, Javad Tavakoli Bazaz,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer genetic testing are marketed directly to customers and provides people access to their genetic information without necessarily involving a healthcare provider or health insurance company. Such tests can be helpful in managing and monitoring people's health, but the ethical and legal issues related to these services are completely new and require a comprehensive consideration. The present paper studies the challenges of such tests by analyzing information collected through the library method. Expanding the scope of such tests, it seems more important than ever the need to educate on such tests, build an appropriate infrastructure, the regulatory systems and designing a framework for DTC-GT companies.

 

Ethical Dilemmas in Health Policymaking
Tahmine Salehi ,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Ethical considerations have been underemphasized in health system policymaking compared to areas like clinical ethics and biomedical research. Allocating resources effectively, promoting equitable access, and resolving societal needs within the health system necessitate robust ethical frameworks. Neglecting these frameworks creates significant dilemmas and challenges. An analysis of health system policymaking and macro-decision-making reveals a pervasive disregard for systemic ethical thinking. A primary ethical dilemma stems from conflicts of interest, leading to policy choices that may not prioritize ethical service delivery. This can manifest as over-provision, non-standard services, or diminished quality of care. Economic constraints pose another critical dilemma, characterized by inadequate health expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP). This limits equitable access to healthcare and exacerbates inequities in resource distribution. A prime example is the neglect of the network-based health system, favoring hosp ital-centric development and an overemphasis on specialized care over comprehensive primary care. Determining the appropriate model for the health system – enterprise-driven or governance-oriented – presents a fundamental conflict. This choice significantly influences health policy decisions. Furthermore, the simultaneous role of policymakers as both providers and purchasers of healthcare services fuels conflicts of interest and incentivizes "induced demand."Shifting towards an ethical perspective in health system policymaking requires a systemic and comprehensive approach. Incorporating ethical considerations into policy decisions, recognizing the unique characteristics of the health market, and addressing conflicts of interest are crucial for improving system performance. This approach would likely prioritize network-based care, strengthen primary care, enhance referral systems, develop a robust primary care workforce, and elevate the importance of health education within the system.

Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing and Dissemination
Amirmohammad Azarakhsh, Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi, Kian Nouroozi Tabrizi, Kowsar Nouri,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the publication of research articles, transforming the landscape of academic writing and dissemination. However, the integration of AI in this process presents significant ethical challenges that require careful consideration. This review study utilized a comprehensive search strategy, employing keywords such as "artificial intelligence," "publication ethics," "ethical challenges," "academic integrity," and "research dissemination" to identify relevant articles in scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The search included articles published between 2010 and 2024 in both English and Persian. Research articles, systematic reviews, and case reports that included the specified keywords in their titles and abstracts were selected. A total of 150 articles were screened, and 50 relevant studies were included for detailed analysis. The analysis identified several ethical challenges associated with the use of AI in academic publishing. Concerns regarding academic integrity are paramount, as AI-generated content can blur the lines between original research and automated writing, raising concerns about authorship and plagiarism. Furthermore, the reliance on AI tools for data analysis and manuscript preparation can raise questions about the accuracy and validity of research findings. additionally, the potential for bias embedded within AI algorithms is a significant concern, as it can influence the selection of research topics, the framing of research questions, and even the peer review process. The lack of transparency in AI-driven editorial processes can further undermine trust in academic publishing. This review underscores the urgent need for robust ethical frameworks and regulations to guide the responsible use of AI in academic publishing. Increased awareness and training among researchers and editors regarding the ethical implications of AI are crucial. Interdisciplinary collaborations are essential to address these challenges effectively and ensure the integrity and trustworthiness of academic research in the AI era.
 

Telehealth: Ethical and Legal Challenges in the Healthcare System
Hooman Heydary, Shakila Belkafeh, Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Telehealth has emerged as a rapidly expanding method for delivering healthcare services, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach has opened new avenues for accessing medical care and contributed to reducing healthcare costs. However, the growth of telehealth has introduced significant legal and ethical challenges that warrant thorough investigation. This review study employed keywords such as "telemedicine," "telehealth," "ethical challenges," "legal challenges," and "healthcare system" to search scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Articles published in English and Persian between 2010 and 2024 were reviewed. Eligible sources included research articles, systematic reviews, and case reports focusing on legal and ethical issues related to telehealth. Following an initial screening, articles were assessed based on quality and scientific credibility, and the selected works were analyzed for the final synthesis. Telehealth presents several critical challenges that must be addressed to ensure safe and equitable care delivery. One of the foremost concerns is patient privacy and data protection; the exchange of sensitive health information necessitates robust security protocols and adherence to data protection regulations to uphold patient confidentiality and trust. Another key issue is informed consent, which must be adapted to the virtual context to ensure patients are adequately informed of both the benefits and potential risks associated with telehealth services. While telehealth enhances healthcare accessibility, it may also deepen existing health disparities due to unequal access to digital technologies. Therefore, investments in communication infrastructure and digital literacy are essential to promote inclusivity and equal access to care. Although telehealth offers substantial benefits—including improved access, convenience, and enhanced coordination of care—its legal and ethical implications must not be overlooked. To fully realize its potential, stakeholders must collaborate in developing comprehensive regulations and ethical frameworks. Addressing these challenges is imperative to advancing telehealth in a manner that ensures patient safety, protects rights, and promotes health equity.

Investigating the Ethical Challenges of Nurses in End-of-Life Care at Home for Elderly Patients: A Review Study
Nayereh Baghcheghi, Zahra Maddah,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
With the increasing elderly population and the growing demand for home healthcare and end-of-life care services, nurses are facing expanded duties and responsibilities. This intensification of responsibilities can expose them to significant ethical challenges. This study aimed to investigate the ethical issues nurses encounter in providing end-of-life care at home for elderly patients. This review study involved a comprehensive search of databases including PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, ISI Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, SID, IranDoc, IranMedex, and Magiran. The keywords used were: nursing ethics, ethical challenges, end-of-life care, and home care, along with their Persian equivalents. The search covered literature published between 2000 and 2024. The review identified several prominent ethical challenges faced by nurses in home-based end-of-life care, including: lack of attention to patients’ rights and independence, disrespect for the dignity of elderly patients, inadequate empathetic care, poor communication, and unsafe home environments for nurses. These challenges may lead to moral distress, as well as psychological and emotional consequences for both the care providers and the elderly patients. Given the serious ethical challenges nurses face in end-of-life home care for the elderly, it is essential for them to be well-versed in ethical principles relevant to this context. Enhancing awareness and competence in ethical practices can help nurses uphold patient rights, promote autonomy, and provide high-quality, compassionate care through effective communication and support.

Ethical Challenges of Nurses in Caring for Patients with Chronic Mental Illness
Alireza Zare, Mohammad Hossein Taklif, Alireza Javid, Zahra Amadeh, Negin Farid,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Nurses, as key members of the healthcare team, face complex ethical issues when caring for patients with chronic mental illnesses. These challenges include maintaining confidentiality, obtaining informed consent from patients with limited cognitive abilities, managing conflicts between patient rights and safety requirements, and addressing social stigma. Inadequate attention to these challenges may lead to reduced care quality and psychological stress for nurses. A better understanding of these challenges and the provision of appropriate solutions is essential. This study was conducted through a simple review approach. A comprehensive search was first conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. Combined keywords such as "ethical challenges," "nursing," "chronic mental illness patients," and "ethical care" were used. Inclusion criteria included studies published in English and Persian from 2010 to 2023, including research, review, and qualitative articles related to the topic. A total of 150 articles were identified, and after evaluating their quality and relevance, 30 articles were selected for final analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic and comparative analysis methods. The findings revealed that nurses face multiple challenges, including maintaining confidentiality when interacting with families, obtaining informed consent from patients with cognitive disorders, and managing ethical conflicts between patient safety and individual freedom. Additionally, a lack of specialized ethical training, the absence of clear protocols, and the pressure from the social stigma of patients were identified as key challenges. The ethical challenges faced by nurses in caring for patients with chronic mental illness require special attention from relevant organizations. Providing continuous education, developing ethical guidelines, and creating psychological and legal support can help mitigate these challenges. Further studies on practical, experience-based solutions to address these issues are recommended.

Nursing Ethics in the Care of Elderly Patients: A Review of Challenges and Solutions
Alireza Zare, Mohammad Hossein Taklif, Alireza Javid, Zahra Amadeh, Negin Farid,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
As the global elderly population continues to rise, nursing care for this demographic faces increasing ethical challenges. The elderly are particularly vulnerable, requiring specialized care that addresses their physical, psychological, and social needs. However, these needs often present ethical dilemmas, including issues related to autonomy, informed consent, fairness in resource allocation, and managing conflicts between patients and their families. This systematic review aims to identify the ethical challenges nurses face in caring for elderly patients and to propose solutions that enhance the quality of care. A comprehensive search was conducted across several reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "nursing ethics", "elderly", "ethical challenges", and "ethical care". Articles published between 2010 and 2023 in English and Persian were considered for inclusion. After an initial screening, 40 eligible articles were selected for final analysis, and thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. The findings reveal several key ethical challenges for nurses in elderly care, including respecting patient autonomy, navigating decision-making processes in cases of cognitive decline, ensuring confidentiality, and managing family pressures. Additional difficulties include resource shortages, high workload, and limited access to ethics training. Proposed solutions to address these challenges include continuous ethics education, the development of comprehensive ethics protocols, and the formation of interdisciplinary teams to facilitate more informed decision-making. Addressing ethical challenges in elderly care requires robust planning and action from health systems. By establishing clear ethical guidelines, promoting ongoing education, and fostering a supportive work environment, the quality of care for elderly patients can be significantly improved. Further research should evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating ethical issues within nursing practice.

An Ethical Audit of Pharmaceutical Laws and Regulations in Iran
Rasool Esmalipour, Neda Mehrdad, Pooneh Salari,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Ethical challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations are among the most significant challenges for pharmacists in fulfilling their professional duties. Therefore, identifying these challenges and conducting an ethical audit is a novel and effective approach for amending related laws and regulations. The ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in providing pharmacy services were explored through conducting a qualitative content analysis study entitled "Exploring the Ethical Challenges in Providing Pharmacy Services". The identified challenges were classified into various categories, one of which was challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations. The challenges were extracted from a book entitled "Laws and Regulations of Iran’s Pharmaceutical Affairs", analyzed, and divided into three categories, including outdated laws and regulations, lack of proper implementation, and insufficient control and supervision over implementation. These rules and regulations were reviewed and analyzed in comparison with the Code of Ethics for the National Pharmaceutical System and an ethical audit was conducted. Raising awareness among officials and policymakers in the health sector, especially regarding pharmaceutical affairs, and taking necessary measures to improve laws and regulations can ultimately enhance the quality of medical and pharmaceutical services, ensuring that patients receive high-quality pharmaceutical and medical care.

Ethical Challenges in Elderly Care: A Narrative Review
Zahra Khalilzadeh-Farsangi, Samaneh Fallah-Karimi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy and a growing elderly population worldwide, elder care has become a major priority for health systems. These care services are accompanied by numerous ethical challenges, and neglecting them can negatively affect the dignity, rights, and quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to address the question: “What ethical challenges are faced in elder care?” Accordingly, a systematic review was conducted guided by PRISMA guidelines. To identify relevant studies, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Google Scholar were searched for the period 2013–2025, using the keywords “Ethical Challenges”, “Elderly Care”, “Nursing”, and their Persian equivalents. Inclusion criteria were original articles (qualitative, quantitative, experimental, or quasi-experimental) with a direct focus on ethical challenges in elder care, written in Persian or English, and with full-text availability. Exclusion criteria included letters to the editor and conference abstracts. The quality of the studies was assessed using the appraisal tool proposed by Gifford. In total, 31 eligible articles were included in the final analysis. The results indicated that ethical challenges in elder care can be classified into four main categories, including autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Subthemes included privacy preservation, shared decision-making, end-of-life care, equitable resource allocation, and the prevention of physical and psychological harm. The findings underscored the necessity of strengthening ethics education and informing policymaking in elder care.

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