Showing 6 results for Fetus
Samaneh Tirgar, Banafsheh Karimi, Farzaneh Zahedi Anaraki, Nasrin Hamidi Abarghouei, Bagher Larijani, Soodeh Tirgar, Fatemeh Mirzaee (lotfi Azar),
Volume 7, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Abstract
Abortion of the disabled fetus is among the challenges of medical ethics, and decision-making in this respect is subject to a major controversy between Islam and Western philosophies. One reason is skepticism about the continued existence and evolution of the human soul after death, which has resulted in legitimacy of abortion of disabled fetuses in the West. Islam and Islamic philosophers, however, attribute great importance to the soul and its evolution, and therefore in decisions related to such embryos all aspects of the body and soul are considered, with more emphasis on the latter. Some issues that are raised in the Islamic worldview include: What is the reason behind embryonic defects? And does a disabled fetus also suffer from a defect in the soul?The present paper is a descriptive-analytical non-systematic review that uses a data collection approach. Regardless of the issue of ensoulment, the study intends to examine the evolution of the spirit (nafs) in the fetus during various stages of life (vegetative, animal and human) based on Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini's perspectives. It also aims to conduct a philosophical investigation into defects in creation and to find the answer to the important question of whether the soul of a disabled fetus is also imperfect.
Findings of this study show that based on Mulla Sadra’s views, all living things have been created in the best and most perfect form. The disabled fetus is not an exception and therefore has a perfect soul, but the appearance of the soul in a malformed body is defective. The imperfection may have two causes: first, a wrong choice made by the soul of the disabled fetus in the world before this one, i.e. the Zar world, although the concept is among the unfolded mysteries of creation unfathomable by human knowledge second, effect of the genes and/or the environment, regardless of the choice made by the soul of the disabled fetus in the world of Zar.However, since decision making regarding abortion of disabled fetuses is still a matter of controversy in medical ethics, further studies from the perspective of Islamic philosophy seem necessary to help resolve the issue and provide ethical guidelines based on Islamic principles.
Farzaneh Zahedi, Samaneh Tirgar, Nasrin Hamidi Abarghoei, Roya Rashidpouraei, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
In recent decades, advancements in genetics and medical technologies have made it possible for clinicians to diagnose and sometimes treat fetal abnormalities in early gestational stages. This issue presents numerous ethical challenges for parents, doctors, ethicists, jurists and other professionals in terms of the continuation or termination of such pregnancies. A non-systematic review was performed to extract the main ethical codes that should be considered when offering counseling to pregnant mothers of fetuses with congenital anomalies. Moreover, since the attitude toward the status of such fetuses in the world of creation can strongly affect ethical decision-making, we attempted to investigate the issue further by offering some Islamic perspectives on the subject.Considering Islamic principles in offering ethical advice to Muslim parents of fetuses with congenital anomalies will help them make an informed and more appropriate decision in serenity. We hope the results of this study will facilitate ethical decision-making in health care and related disciplines, and thus help us deal properly with the issue of disabled fetuses.For future studies, it is recommended to compile related ethical guidelines based on Islamic principles to investigate various aspects of the issue.
Farzaneh Zahedi Anaraki, Bagher Larijani, Banafsheh Karimi, Samaneh Tirgar, Kobra Khazali, Soodeh Tirgar, Nasrin Hamidi Abarghouei, Fatemeh Mirzaei (lotfi Azar),
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abortion has remained a subject of intense controversy in medical ethics, particularly in the case of malformed fetuses. Review of the existing literature on the issue indicates that there are two main challenges in this regard: firstly, the question as to whether a malformed fetus has the right to live, and secondly, the fate of the soul (vegetative and animal) after induced abortion.This descriptive research presents different viewpoints in order to investigate the aforementioned questions in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy with a focus on the “right to live”. The results of the study demonstrate that according to Mulla Sadra’s theory, all fetuses possess potential human souls even if they are extremely malformed or disfigured. He considers the fetus a vegetable with the potential to convert into a human. Based on this ideology, which encompasses both creation and resurrection, the malformed fetus has the right to live. The assumption is founded upon Mulla Sadra’s Theory of Substantial Motion, which implies that abortion may influence the evolution of the soul in the limbo period (intermediate state) after abortion and might even affect its resurrection. It can be concluded that in the Iranian society, which has an Islamic background, theological views should be considered in decisions about abortion. It should be mentioned, however, that philosophical approaches alone cannot be relied on for decision-making regarding the abortion of a malformed fetus. Furthermore, interdisciplinary contributions are indispensable to a thorough analysis of this controversial issue so that the ethical challenges surrounding abortion in such cases can be overcome.
Jannat Mashayekhi, Zeinab Derakhshan, Alireza Parsapoor,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
The human moral or, in other words, his human dignity has long been the subject of discussions among various thinkers. Almost all theories that have addressed this issue are in principle the dignity of man and the supremacy of his position in relation to all beings, but what makes a different perspective on this topic is the criterion of this dignity and excellence. Making essential decisions for the fetus, including preserving the fetus or abortion, is one of the main applications of the principle of human dignity and is directly is influenced by its human and ethical status. Two groups of theories have focused on the issue of the dignity of the fetus: secular theories and theories based on religions and schools. The secular ideas, have some attractions that human intuition accepts them to some extent, but none is free of criticism, and the critique of each theory is all remarkableness and worthwhile. Hence, this article, while it is reviewing some of the secular views and the views of religions and schools on the status of the embryo and addressing some criticisms of them, provides the dominant human-being theory of fetus based on Shi'a thought and introduces the valuable position of man from fetal times. Finding the root of human dignity by relying on human thought and without resorting to revelation inspiration is faced to serious challenges. Human embryos, due to the ability to become human, have been at the beginning of being a valuable place that increases the value of fetal age when it increases its age so that it is not worthy of human dignity with God's soul. But because its granting by the Lord on the basis of the religious teaching perception, the egg cell should not only be eliminated, but also should be taken care of and protected due to its potential to become human
Mohaddeseh Moeinifar,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
In general, there are four types of policies in the world in relation to the issue of abortion, based on five basic approaches such as social, feminist, liberal, population-based, and religious-based. Each of these approaches provides a solution to the conflict between mother's rights and the right to life of the fetus, so based on the first three perspectives, abortion is permissible and based on the fourth view, it can be permissible or not and finally according to the religious view (Islam and Christianity) the abortion is forbidden. In the present paper, we tried to answer the main question by using the descriptive-analytical method, why in some of these approaches the right of the mother is preeminent, but in others, the right to life of the fetus proceeds? It seems that the way of Islamic legal system seems to be more logical, because in Western countries the rights of parents are always prioritized in the conflict between the rights of children and their parents. However, in the legal system of Islam, in addition to the moral orders, there are some principles that are anticipated to prevent the conflict of the rights of these two groups and the unequivocal predominance of one on another.
Mohamad Rasekh, Shirin Boroomand,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
Modern infertility treatment methods, along with favorable results, sometimes bring about unfavorable consequences. Multiple pregnancy is one of those consequences that puts the health of mother and life of fetus in danger. Fetal reduction, namely removing one or more fetuses with aim of preserving pregnancy and also certain preventive measures such as transfer of fewer fetuses into uterus of mother in each cycle of In Vitro Fertilizations (IVF), is one of solutions to tackle this unfavorable consequence. In a number of legal systems, along with a permission to conduct fetal reduction, precise provisions on the number of transferable fetuses are enacted. A comparative study of fetal reduction in countries in which there is an experience of legal encounter with this issue shall open a horizon for the legislator and policy makers in the field of health in Iran, where there is no consistent laws or regulations in this context, so that they adopt an appropriate approach to the problem. It seems that a fetal reduction permission, limiting regulations on the number of transferable fetuses, and proper insurance coverage embody an appropriate legal system in the context of fetal reduction.
