Mohammad Rasekh, Amirhossein Khodaparast,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Reproduction is one of the basic abilities of human beings. This is often realized in a natural way, though in certain cases new methods and technologies provide infertile couples with the opportunity to realize their wish to have children. In recent years, the term “right to reproduction” has emerged, and sometimes emphasis is placed on the obligation of governments to satisfy this right. However, it seems that the ambiguity of the aforementioned term may create serious problems in our understanding of the subject matter and, in consequence, affect the manner in which it is handled in the society. In this paper, in addition to discussing the concept of rights, it is argued that the right to reproduction may be embodied both by a claim right and a liberty right, even though the latter is only a justifiable and acceptable way of representing the right to reproduction. Therefore, this right entails the freedom to bear children and to pursue provision of the requirements, including utilizing ART. As in the case of other human rights, this should be in balance and proportion with public interests, in such a way that in particular circumstances, such as problematic population situations, it may be protected or prevented by the government.
Seyed Ahmad Habibnejhad, Vahid Moazzen,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
In recent decades, the concepts of healthy lifestyle and healthcare choices have been the subject of focus by healthcare policymakers. Together with financial, mental, and ethical reasons for citizens to have a free hand as far as their healthcare, numerous arguments based on the social aspects of healthcare have also been made by proponents of the necessity to limit these options by government, believing that in addition to personal consequences, an individual's healthcare choices have social ramifications as well. On the other hand, the definitions of the concept of freedom along with the impressionability factor of the individual's healthcare choices to government and society are other parameters that affect government policy in this area. By looking at the meaning of freedom from both the functional and opportunity creating standpoints, we have attempted to demonstrate that the optimal definition of freedom in the healthcare system is a responsibility based freedom in which it is although limited by the government, a person still maintains his individuality. According to the findings of this study, without establishing the necessary prerequisites by government and society, the freedom and equality of individuals in healthcare choices is meaningless. In this context, the special role of government is to create a balance between the individual rights and public interest as well as to cultivate responsible and well-informed citizens to protect themselves and others, building a society that would not allow the withdrawal or disregards of the right to freedom.
Hasan Kohansal Vajargah,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
The Sassanid Empire ruled in Iran between 224 AD and 651 AD. The founder of this dynasty, Ardashir I (241-224 AD), a Zoroastrian cleric, took two very important steps in the beginning; One was the creation of a central government and the other was the formalization of the religion of Zoroaster. The homogeneity and alignment of government and religion in the Sassanid administration had very important effects on the growth and development of science and knowledge, especially medical science, which began in the Achaemenid Empire (330 559 AD). The under-consideration question in this research is that despite the class system and the monopoly of learning science and knowledge in the privileged classes of society, what was the status of medical science in the Sassanid period? This study showed that medical science had the highest position in the teachings of Zoroastrian religion; Because with that, they took care of their health and performed their religious duties well, and with it, they overcame the devil. In Zoroastrian religious texts, the duties and characteristics of the physician, the types of diseases and how to treat and the rules related to ‘Tebabat’(medicine) are discussed. In addition to this, the encouragement policy of kings and Sassanid government, including; Expanding cultural and scientific relations with India, Greece and Rome, translating the works of foreign physicians into Pahlavi and archiving them along with the formation of a large library, inviting foreign physicians to work at ‘GondiShapur’ University and sending Iranian physicians abroad in order to acquire more medical knowledge and experience, they were very influential in the growth and development of medical science. The current study has been conducted in a historical method with reference to library sources and archaeological sources as well as new researches have been used to complete the topics. It seems that due to the spread of Iranian civilization in the Sassanid era and paying attention to science and knowledge as well as the creation of a medical city in the Sassanid period, medical knowledge had a great importance in this period and this knowledge was researching professionally.
Mahshid Sadat Eslahi, Hasan Allahyari,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases, the growth and prevalence of which depends on the environmental and climatic conditions of each region. The Pahlavi government took measures to prevent the spread of this disease in order to ensure public health in the society. In 1334 to 1347A.H, the seventh province of Fars, which included a large part of the coastal and post-coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, was considered one of the vulnerable areas to this disease due to its geographical location. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate and analyze the actions of the Pahlavi government to control and prevent the spread of malaria in Fars province during the years 1334 to 1347A.H. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and data collection was done by referring to historical first-hand sources and unpublished local (Persian) documents. The findings of the research show that the Pahlavi government, within the framework of the second and third seven-year construction plans, has implemented solutions to treat and eradicate this disease, such as spraying operations, sending health teams, allocating special funds and implementing programs. He did training for this purpose. Statistical analysis shows that these measures were relatively successful and effective in preventing the spread and control of malaria in Fars. However, the implementation of this plan in Fars was not without challenges.
