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Cloning and human health: positions of international organizations and governments’ policies
Simin Mehdipour, Afsar Foroud, Mohammadreza Amini,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (6-2012)
Abstract

Recent advances in cloning have offered hopes for disease treatment and resolving some other difficulties related to health, but this technology comes with social, legal, ethical, religious and other questions, and has caused different reactions worldwide. While some countries have enacted legislations on cloning, other countries have no clear law. Many countries and organizations, for various reasons including ethical concerns, have taken strong stand against reproductive cloning, and some even against research cloning. Some refer to the positive results of cloning and are in favor. Overall, most are in favor of cell and tissue cloning for therapeutic reasons and against reproductive cloning. In general, cloning is an important development in genetics and biotechnology that can be both lifesaving and destructive. Therefore, decision makers should be aware of its positive aspects for human health and prevent potential social and ethical problems through appropriate legislation In this paper, we present the opinions of opposers and supporters, and an overview of the position of countries and organizations regarding human cloning.


A review of students’ evaluation of the medical ethics curriculum
Sakineh Mohebbi Amin, Mehdi Rabiei, Amir Hossein Keizoori,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract

In recent years, the general consensus is that medical education should comprise ethics courses focusing on clinical decision-making skills and professional ethics in order to institutionalize a set of values in physicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal and external qualities of the medical ethics curriculum from the perspective of students.This was a survey research on a study population of 157 medical students who were taking the medical ethics course. A sample of 113 students were selected by simple random sampling, and data collection tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires. In this research, the internal quality of the curriculum was evaluated according to the following 9 elements as proposed by Francis Klein: objectives, content, learning activities, learning strategies, instructional material, resources, grouping, time, location, and evaluation. The external quality of the curriculum was assessed based on Kirkpatrick’s model with attention to students' views on achievement of course objectives in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). Based on the findings, the students viewed the internal quality of the medical ethics curriculum as undesirable in terms of the above-mentioned nine elements. Students also believed that the external quality of the ethics curriculum was at an average level in the knowledge and attitudes components, and undesirable in the skills component. Overall, our findings indicate that from the perspective of students, the quality of the medical ethics curriculum is low and the course needs to be reviewed and redesigned.


Assessing the Compliance of Medical Affairs with Religious Standards from the Viewpoint of Patients and Interns in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences In 2020
Sasan Moogahi, Farkhondeh Jamshidi, Negar Parvizi, Ali Mohammadi Sepahvandi,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
In medical centers, compliance of personal and social behaviors with ethics and religious standards is very important and requires constant evaluations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the compliance of medical affairs with the standards of the Holy Sharia from the perspective of patients and interns in the teaching hospitals of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in 2020. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the statistical population consisted of 204 interns and 385 patients referred to the teaching hospitals of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz. Sampling was done randomly. Data were collected by data collection form and questionnaire from patients and interns which was collected by the researcher including 17 questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS version20 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. From the interns' point of view, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the compliance of medical affairs with the standards of holy sharia in different hospitals and gender, but there was no significant difference in different ages and marital status (P> 0.05). From the patients' point of view; There was no significant difference (P >0.05) between the compliance of medical affairs with the standards of the Holy Sharia based on gender, age, education, marital status, and hospital. From interns and patients point of view, compliance with Holy Sharia standards were 45.1% and 40.5%, respectively. According to the results of the present study, physical space and more medical staff in both genders are required to fully comply medical affairs with the standards of the Holy Sharia in all the examined hospitals.

Attitudes of General Medicine Students (Interns) Towards Medical Error Disclosure at Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2022-2023
Mohammad Rafiezadeh, Mahshad Noroozi, Akram Hashemi, Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Physicians often refrain from disclosing their errors for various reasons, including fear of legal claims and the stigma of incompetence. Engaging in professional behavior requires not only adequate knowledge but also a proper attitude toward the behavior in question. Accordingly, understanding physicians’ attitudes is essential for preventing unprofessional conduct under different circumstances. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of medical interns toward the disclosure of medical errors at Iran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all interns admitted in 2017 at Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using the Persian version of the Medical Errors Scale and analyzed with SPSS software version 26. Among the 186 participants, 66% reported having committed a medical error. Only 21% of interns fully disclosed errors that had no significant adverse effects on the patient, and the final outcome was favorable. In contrast, in situations where errors resulted in severe consequences for the patient, 31% of participants fully disclosed the error. The findings indicated that most interns avoid fully disclosing their medical errors. Fear of legal action by patients and concerns about being underestimated by them were the two primary reasons reported by participants for nondisclosure of errors. Therefore, further studies are required to propose effective solutions and improve physicians’ performance and patient safety.

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