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A Criticism of the Distribution of Contraceptives According to the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law
Elaheh Homayounzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Azin,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
The reproductive right, in its positive or negative form, has been raised in all religions and sects as well as in international documents and human rights, as an important principle and a supported and demanded right. However, the negative population growth rate in recent years in Iran, despite religious documents and laws and jurisprudential and theological support, shows the importance of the government’s attention to the causes of negative population growth and the necessity of taking measures to resolve this problem. Even though the population increase is of paramount importance and governments have the right to recommend and encourage population growth according to their visions, it is the right of every family to freely make their own decision regarding fertility or non-fertility. Although the reproductive right requires the freedom of decision, we should not ignore the positive and negative consequences of legislation regarding the population increase under any title and for any purpose. Informing people of these consequences is the responsibility of the governments and it is the right of the citizens to be fully aware of them and then make a decision freely; the freedom of action which has been neglected by the legislators in the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law and needs to be revised. This study attempted to investigate different viewpoints and domestic and foreign scientific and legal texts, to first prove the freedom of individuals in the implementation of reproductive rights, and then, explain the merits and demerits of Article 51 of the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law. Finally, certain suggestions were proposed to change this article as well as the legislators’ point of view regarding the strategies to increase the population growth rate.

Ethical Considerations in Providing Healthcare Services to the Elderly in Iran: A scoping review
Jalal Saeidpour, Alireza Hajizadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
As one of the countries with the fastest growing aging population, it is predicted that more than 20% of the Iran’s total population will be elderly in 2040. It is important to address ethical considerations in providing healthcare services to aged population. This study aimed to review the evidence related to ethical considerations in providing healthcare services to the elderly in Iran.  This study was a scoping review conducted using the six-step protocol of Arksey and O’Malley. The English-language, Persian-language databases and Google Scholar, were searched without time limitation. After selecting studies and extraction the data, the narrative analysis was used to analyze the data. Providing comprehensive healthcare including, preventive, diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitation services to the elderly needs to be based on humane-Islamic principles and values ​​accepted by society. The most important ethical considerations required are: Maintaining the dignity and eminence of the elderly in all situations, considering ethics in communication with the elderly, ensuring autonomy and independence of the elderly in relevant decision-making, paying attention to the principles of justice and benefit in healthcare interventions, empathy and cheerfulness among healthcare providers, ensuring confidentiality and privacy and protecting information, paying attention to privacy, obtaining informed consent in healthcare centers, paying attention to religious and Islamic rules in caring for the elderly, the responsibility of government and non-government institutions in preventing stigma and discrimination against the elderly, carrying out timely and ethically-based care actions, healthcare providers' adherence to teamwork and scientific and professional behaviors, supporting the elderly as a vulnerable population group in prioritizing health services, preventing conflicts of interest in elderly care, and using safe, affordable, reliable, and evidence-based healthcare services for the elderly. It is necessary to pay attention to the ethical considerations identified in this study in providing healthcare services to the elderly. So, it is recommended that policymakers, managers, and healthcare providers take actions at the levels of the ministry of health, medical universities, and healthcare centers providing services to the elderly to promote humane-Islamic principles and values.

Ethical Considerations of Pregnancy in the “Supporting Families and Population Rejuvenation Law”
Kobra Joodaki,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Women play a central role in human reproduction, with the continuation of the human race relying on their pregnancies. When women contribute to this vital social function for the survival of humankind, society has a moral obligation to safeguard their health. While healthcare interventions benefit the fetus, the fetus is entirely dependent on the mother, and any treatment must occur through her body. Consequently, the best strategy for improving fetal health lies in enhancing the care and support provided to pregnant women. The current state of population dynamics, associated challenges, and the introduction of general population policies led to the formulation and enactment of the "Supporting Families and Population Rejuvenation Law." This legislation aims to address many—though not all—of the challenges related to population growth and childbearing. The efforts to combat population aging and meet demographic needs are laudable, and the law includes several economic incentives to encourage childbearing. However, financial incentives alone are insufficient to address the complex reasons behind individuals' unwillingness to have children. Cultural, social, and political factors also play significant roles, and these are addressed to some extent within the law. Notably, specific provisions focus on supporting infertile couples, assisting pregnant women, and offering solutions to address illegal abortions. Regrettably, during the drafting of these provisions, the expert opinions of relevant scientific associations were overlooked. As a result, numerous ethical and scientific challenges have emerged in the implementation of the law, leading to deviations from its intended objectives. In particular, certain sections fail to adequately protect the fundamental rights of pregnant women. This article aims to analyze these challenges and propose solutions grounded in the principles of medical ethics.

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