Women play a central role in human reproduction, with the continuation of the human race relying on their pregnancies. When women contribute to this vital social function for the survival of humankind, society has a moral obligation to safeguard their health. While healthcare interventions benefit the fetus, the fetus is entirely dependent on the mother, and any treatment must occur through her body. Consequently, the best strategy for improving fetal health lies in enhancing the care and support provided to pregnant women. The current state of population dynamics, associated challenges, and the introduction of general population policies led to the formulation and enactment of the "Supporting Families and Population Rejuvenation Law." This legislation aims to address many—though not all—of the challenges related to population growth and childbearing. The efforts to combat population aging and meet demographic needs are laudable, and the law includes several economic incentives to encourage childbearing. However, financial incentives alone are insufficient to address the complex reasons behind individuals' unwillingness to have children. Cultural, social, and political factors also play significant roles, and these are addressed to some extent within the law. Notably, specific provisions focus on supporting infertile couples, assisting pregnant women, and offering solutions to address illegal abortions. Regrettably, during the drafting of these provisions, the expert opinions of relevant scientific associations were overlooked. As a result, numerous ethical and scientific challenges have emerged in the implementation of the law, leading to deviations from its intended objectives. In particular, certain sections fail to adequately protect the fundamental rights of pregnant women. This article aims to analyze these challenges and propose solutions grounded in the principles of medical ethics.
