Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

How can we determine that death has occurred? To answer this question, two points should be noted. First, in order to determine the incidence of death, there should be a standard for determining the occurrence of death; secondly, we need to determine certain clinical tests to determine whether the criterion has been met. In this article, we first introduce different criteria that are presented in different definitions of death, and then offered arguments against each of them. Cardiopulmonary and brain criteria are also introduced and criticized. The basic objection in these definitions is that they see death as an event. At the end, it will be argued that biological death, contrary to conventional wisdom, is a process, not an event. Based on this understanding of death, we provide a definition that addresses the problems of other criteria and shed new light to some issues related to death such as euthanasia and brain death.

A study on the adaptability of the patient's admission process with ethical standards has a significant role in reducing the misconduct of the medical staff and increasing the satisfaction of patients. Hence, by the study of the patient's admission process in the Neurosurgery ICU and the identification of its personnel faults; we are going to provide a platform for excellent service to patients. This study is a qualitative study. It had done with the In-depth interviewing with 28 staff of the Neurosurgery ICU of Loghman Hospital during the winter of 1396 (December2017- March 2018). The data is collected and analyzed with triple coding: open, selective, and axial. "The lack of ethical sensitivity to nursing profession and its importance" is a general tag for seven categories of functional status of ICU staff: the use of staff with insufficient professional competence, the impact of staff tastes in professional relationships, irrational expectations, lack of communication skills, the inability to admission new patients and work in other health centers. Accordingly, "the lack of moral sensitivity to the profession and its importance" in the ICU staff is a central phenomenon that results from neglect of the importance of developing transparent processes for various activities in the ICU, as well as the lack of professional training. This will make the ICU staff ignore the implementation of the defined standards, and subsequently  the decline in the quality of health care services in ICU.
 

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and cognitive-emotional self-regulation by mediating moral characters among students. The study participants were 293 students of different fields and levels of Shiraz University (Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Science) who were studying in the academic year 2018-2019. To measure the variables of study, three high personal sensitivity scales (sensory processing) of HSPS, ethical sources and CERQ-P cognitive adjustment scale were used and to evaluate the proposed research model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied by using AMOS software; intermediate relationships were also tested using the Bootstrap method. The results of the structural equation model showed that Cognitive aesthetic sensitivity directly (p <0.01, β = 0.67) and also through positive moral characters (p <0.01, β = 0.26), predict cognitive self-regulation, positive emotion. In other words, people who better understand the subtle differences in the environment try to change the amount and type of emotional experiences; they are also more successful at doing so. On the other hand, the ease of direct and positive stimulation (β = 0.31, β = 0.33) and the mediation of negative moral characters (0 = 0.01, β = 0.12) can predict cognitive-emotional and negative emotional self-regulation; in fact, people with low sensory thresholds are less likely to cope with stressful situations and misbehaviors, and use inconsistent emotional strategies. Finally, positive moral sources directly predict positive cognitive-emotional self-regulation (p <0.01, β = 0.30), and negative moral sources directly predict negative cognitive-emotional self-regulation (p <0.01, β = 0.38).