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Favaed-al-Afzalieh: a treatise on medicine and its standing in the Safavid era
Ali Akbar Jafarey, Fatemeh Alian Aminabadi, Zahra Hossein Hashemi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Ali Afzal Ghate’ Ghazvini was a renowned physician, scholar, and calligrapher of the Safavid era whose personality and efforts in the field of medicine have not been fully recognized thus far. Among his works, three medical treatises can be of use in researching the medicine of the Safavid era. The present article adopts a descriptive-analytic method to introduce one of these treatises, Favaed-al-Afzalieh, and present a survey of its content in addition to the author’s biography. The findings here are based on the three chapters of this medical classic, which indicates the encyclopedic nature of this treatise. Favaed-al-Afzalieh reveals details on a variety of practical medical issues prevalent in the Safavid era, and is considered outstanding due to the volume of all the medical information it contains. The present study discusses the standing of this treatise in the history of medicine along with a suggestion to revise and publish this valuable, comprehensive work and reintroduce it to the world of medicine.
Introduction and Critique of the Paper "Medicine of the Safavid Era Relying on Western Travelogues"
Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Shahrbanoo Asadi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
The Safavid period is considered one of the most important periods in the history of Iranian medicine. During this period, medical knowledge was developed many works in the field of medicine were written and several hospitals were established. In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the medical history of the Safavid period. The purpose of this study is to introduce and critique the paper "Medicine of the Safavid era relying on Western travelogues" by Saeed Agharezaei and Shiva Rezaei. This research is an analytical-critical study that uses library resources to review and evaluate the paper in terms of structure, content, and method. The paper has coherent writing and indicates the authors' efforts to explain the medical and health situation of the Safavid period from the perspective of Western tourists. In the structure of the paper, sometimes inappropriate references and writing errors are seen. Failure to mention the reasons for the migration of physicians to India, failure to determine the true location of hospitals, failure to mention the position of dental, veterinary and surgical knowledge, failure to mention epidemics and ambiguity of the pharmacology situation in the Safavid period can be enumerated content critiques. The results show that the paper, despite attempts to reveal various aspects of medicine in the Safavid era, has some structural, content, and method problems. Therefore, it is expected that the respected authors, by eliminating the mentioned problems, will be able to publish a more significant work on the history of medicine in future research.

Methods of Teaching Medical Sciences in Iran until the End of the Safavid Era
Hamid Kavyani Pooya,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Education in Iran, as in the rest of the world, has a long history, and with the foundation of inclusive national governments, due to the interaction of civilizations and adaptation of scientific achievements, education and educational institutions and centers have undergone major changes and transformations. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine different methods of teaching medical sciences and transferring medical achievements to scholars and those interested in this profession in the history of Iran until the end of the Safavid era through a library-based method. Data were collected from original medical resources, travelogues, and reliable historical documents and evidence in Arabic, Persian, and English. Data were then described and analyzed using domestic databanks. The findings indicated that throughout the history of Iran, particularly in the Islamic civilization, medical education and sciences have been transferred both theoretically and practically. In modern terms, this involved lectures (theory) and clinical training (practice). Nevertheless, there have been differing opinions regarding the importance and priority of each method, and the period under study witnessed significant evolution and changes in improving the ways medical concepts have been conveyed to scholars.

Quantitative Evaluation of Scientific Articles in the Thematic Field of “History of Medicine in the Safavid Period” in Iran (2001-2024)
Zahra Aghabeiglooei, Roshanak Saghebi, Jamal Rezaei Orimi, Morteza Mojahedi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
The history of medicine during the Safavid period (907-1135 AH) in Iran, as one of the important periods, has always been the focus of researchers. The main objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative evaluation of articles related to the “history of medicine in the Safavid period” in Iran. This descriptive-analytical, applied study was conducted using a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study comprised all scientific productions on the history of medicine in the Safavid period indexed in domestic and international scientific databases over 22 years, from 2001 to March 2024. During the period under review, a total of 247 articles in the field of the history of medicine in the Safavid period were published with the participation of 542 authors. In terms of thematic orientation, 18.2% of the published works were on the biographies of physicians, while research, translation, and editing of medical manuscripts ranked next with 16.1%. Among universities and scientific centers, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University ranked first. Male participation accounted for approximately 60%, exceeding that of female authors, and about 68% of the works were the result of collaborative research. The Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine published the highest number of articles. The most common type of publication was original research articles. Content analysis showed that, despite significant growth in this research field, an excessive concentration on specific topics, such as physicians’ biographies, has limited scholarly attention to other dimensions of medical history in this period, highlighting the need for broader and more balanced research perspectives.

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