Showing 30 results for System
Amirahmad Shojaei, Ahad Faramarz Gharamaleki,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
According to the professional definition of ethics, ethics is a sustainable and steady way of communication based on rights of both sides and also professional ethics is to know and act to your ethical responsibilities that every real or legal person has to others. Therefore, one of the measures of the ethicality of a university is students rights and we can count those rights to find the ethical responsibilities.
From the very beginning of entering to the university and even when the student is admitted, he/she has rights which some of them are related to the educational system. (Of course the other parts are related to the environment, including family, friends, professors, different branches of university and totally other elements of society which are not the concern of this article). Students rights can be divided into two types: the first type is those rights which have been changed into rules and are in the form of regulations and instructions and need to be followed. The other type is those rights which are not official yet and they are just some ethical principles. These rights are called ethical responsibilities and in this article we deal with these responsibilities towards students. Therefore, it is necessary to know the students rightsin the educational system and they can be the basis of many ethical judgments for the university.
Students rights are not just related to the educational system and they surround other parts of university and society as well, but the students rights in the educational system have a straight relation to his/her learning and scientific development, so those are considered as the the most important rights of students and acting to them is also very crucial.
By counting the students rights in the educational system, the university would be aware of its duties practically and it will be the first step of implementation of ethics in the university. Total duties of university and educational system towards student's rights are as following:
- 1- To recognize the students right.
- 2- To comply and show sensitivity to the students rights.
- 3- To comply the characters
- 4- Make restitution for lack of compliance.
If we look at the students rights from the university's point of view, then we should consider the duties of university all based on professional principles which are like Copernican Revolution. According to this: "others have rights and we have duties." i.e. for determining the educational duties of universities towards the students, we should first consider the students rights and then the duties of the university.
Hossein Dargahi, Reza Safdari, Saeid Asgharian,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
The first step in battling against prevention and control of a social phenomenon is to distinguish it completely and clearly. Designing the information system of substance abuse, with the aim of converting data into information and knowledge, consists a great share in prevention and control of addiction, but it is faced with challenges and problems which have unpleasant and inappropriate consequences on consumer abusers. Therefore, this article is written with the purpose of studying the medical ethics challenges of information system of substance abuse.
The present research is a review of studies. The needed information is gathered form Medline, Ovid, Elsevier, Google and Pubmed search engines and also from Police Information and Statistic Centre, Ministry of Health, and Medical Education, Welfare Organization and National drug Studies centre.
Substance abuse information system has several legal and ethical problems that if they occur, abusers will show no zest for receiving any consulting and medical services and also participating in epidemiological studies.
World Health Organization has provided a special framework in eight compasses including respect for human dignity, secrecy and privacy policy, to respond to the health information system.
Before arranging the schedule, designers and programmers of substance abuse information system should provide and codify the rules, regulations and necessary instructions to clarify and determine the legal status, in order to guarantee the secrecy and privacy policy of information.
Nahid Dehghan Nayyeri, Reza Negarandeh, Khadijeh Yazdi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (7-2011)
Abstract
With the development of professionalism in modern-day nursing, concepts such as accountability and civil responsibility have found a special place in nursing, since responsibility is an intrinsic part of this profession. Accountability typically brings civil responsibility, which means an individual can be held legally responsible for injury they have caused to another person. Due to the autonomy that nurses enjoy in their practice, they have legal responsibilities, which in turn expose them to complaints and lawsuits on grounds of negligence more often than in the past. The objective of this paper was to familiarize nurses with the concept of civil responsibility, and to help them prevent the damages arising from it, as well as to ensure patients’ safety and rights.
This was an analytical study that examined the concept of nurses’ civil responsibility based on books and articles on the subject. The study will first explicate the general definition of civil responsibility, and then proceed to explain its application to the nursing profession, and the more common stages of litigation, prosecution and defense.
The nursing profession today can benefit from a modern outlook on civil responsibility and nursing errors in order to improve teaching methods in providing better patient care and reduce errors. This can eventually enhance the quality of care, and lead to a decrease in nurses’ civil responsibilities and prevention of a waste of public resources.
Alireza Milanifar, Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi, Parvaneh Paykarzadeh, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (12-2011)
Abstract
Conflict of interest is a real situation in which a person as a decision maker simultaneously has two positions, one in private and the other in the public. In public role he or she has to pay attention to the society`s best interests and follows his or her best ones as private role. Conflict of interest is a common challenge of health system among both real and legal persons in all courses such as education, treatment, and researches.
The most causes of conflict of interest are named as deferent goals, lack of resources, authorities malfunction, health marketing and etc.
We aimed at discussing conflict of interest and its relation to law, its management, conflict of interest in pharmacy and pharmaceutical companies and also Iranian legal system viewpoint. In conclusion it seems that conflict of interest should be included in the law and the provisions to achieve the least conflict of interests in health system should be revised.
Hossein Jabbari Beirami, Fariba Bakhshiyan, Gholamreza Bateni, Mohammad Ali Mohjal Shojaae, Faridoon Abbasnejad, Majid Khalili,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract
In the middle age (500–1500), while European countries were struggling with frightening epidemics such as plague, smallpox, tuberculoses, leprosy, and their medical treatments were based on superstitions and fanaticism, scientists such as Avicenna and Rhazes laid the foundation of the golden period in medicine.
In the late periods of golden centuries, during the Mogul invasion of Iran, Rashidaddin Fazlollah Hamadani devoted a great deal of effort to preserve the knowledge by foundation of the knowledge city of Rabé Rashidi and
Daralshafa (Medical and Health Service College) in Tabriz.
Rashidaddin established a successful health management system which was accordance with the current modern health management systems. The objective of this review is to present a clear perspective of a successful Iranian Islamic model of health delivery system 700 years ago.
The review was conducted in the form of descriptive bases of original documents with a systemic approach.
Findings show a successful management experience in health system in terms of stewardship, resource allocation, provision of health services and financing which appears to be in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration in 2000.
Promotion of team working, employment of fulltime and part-time physicians, implementation of a fair and functional economic structure, health economic, sustainable financial mechanisms, public insurance, home care provision, and isolation of communicable diseases in hospitals can be considered as examples of a successful Iranian Islamic health management system.
It can be concluded that as Iranian health management system is faced with many different challenges, gleaning lessons from successful national historical experiences can play a key role in the establishment of a competent system based on our Islamic and national values and in accordance with modern scientific achievements.
Hannan Hajimahmoudi, Farzaneh Zahedi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
Justice is one of the main principles of ethics in the healthcare system, and its establishment at macro level depends on formulation of appropriate policies by policy-makers and healthcare providers. Health care policies and payment and reimbursement systems have a significant impact on health systems’ efficiency and cost control. In this paper, payment and reimbursement policies and their impact on financial incentives will be reviewed moreover, financial policies in the national health care in Iran and related challenges will be mentioned in brief.
There is no doubt that none of the payment and reimbursement policies is perfect and each of them has the potential to put caregivers or health care providers financially at risk. Therefore, policy-makers should select a combination of the best approaches, considering socioeconomic factors, in order to provide a maximum coverage of health services and ensure fairness in the health system. Efficient payment and reimbursement approaches should undoubtedly preserve the rights of all parties in a fair and logical manner. Current national policy shows that a high percent of health care expenditures are financed through out-of-pocket payments, and therefore appropriate policies should be adopted to lighten this burden. Considering the accelerated trend toward the Family Doctor Plan in big cities in Iran, the present paper would be helpful for many health care providers, physicians and other health care professionals.
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili, Mahmood Nekoeimoghadam, Atefeh Esfandiari, Fatemeh Ramezani, Hedayat Salari,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2013)
Abstract
In recent years, the financial relationship between the physician and the patient and some issues such as informal payments for health care have arisen as an unethical but common problem in many countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Such issues are a threat to the professional reputation of physicians, and can have their own causes in different parts of the world. This study attempts to assess the causes of informal payments and the manners in which they are done in the hospitals of the Kerman Province in Iran in 2012.
This study was carried out using qualitative research methods, and semi-structured interviews. Structured interviews were conducted on a purposeful sample of 45 participants including patients, providers and policy makers in the Kerman province in Iran in 2012. This study was authorized by the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, and the consent form was completed by all participants. In this study the participants were asked questions regarding reasons for informal payments, and data were analyzed using content analysis.
There are several reasons for making informal payments, which include cultural, legal and quality factors. A number of reasons for asking informal payments by providers were discovered, including those related to tariffs, structural factors and ethical factors as well as to demonstrate the skill and competence of service providers.
Most of the reasons discovered for informal payments in Iran are similar to other countries in the world. They showed that inadequate funding of the health systems and inadequate formal payments to providers are the most important supply-side factors leading to informal payments. Given that qualitative studies usually cover potential reasons only, further studies are needed to investigate the matter more extensively.
Hadi Jafareimanesh, Atefeh Alibazi, Mansoureh Zaghari Tafreshi, Mehdi Ranjbaran,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Abstract
A model is a summarized representation of facts. Health-related models show values, perceptions and various understandings of health care. This study investigated the nursing advocacy models and the nurses’ protective role. In this review article, related literature and documents were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Medex, and Scientific Information Database, using the general search engine Google. The search was performed by keywords “advocacy” and “nursing advocacy model”. In this stage, 89 sources including books, articles and dissertations on the subject of nursing advocacy written between 1991 and 2014 were collected. In the next stage, 43 sources were chosen for the review article. Finally, 8 models that were more consistent with the topic and objectives of the study were extracted. Considering the findings of this study and the benefits of nursing advocacy, we propose to design a model in order to promote the advocacy role of nurses in Iran. In this model, legal constraints, social factors and values, organizational culture, position of the nurse in the health care system and political and economic considerations should be taken into account.
Hossein Ebrahimi, Effat Sadeghian, Naeimeh Seyedfatemi, Eesa Mohammadi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Abstract
Patient autonomy is the opposite of paternalism and an essential element in individualised, patient-centred, ethical care. Challenges associated with patient autonomy are culture-related and have not been fully investigated in Iran so far. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges to the autonomy of patients in Iranian hospitals.This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis methods. In 2013 13 patients, 7 nurses and 1 doctor were selected from three Tabriz and Hamadan teaching hospitals using purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis and analysed using the MAXQD10 software.Fifteen categories and three themes were identified. The three main themes related to challenges associated with patient autonomy were: interpersonal factors, altered relationships, and organisational constraints. In summary, this study revealed some challenges associated with patient autonomy that the treatment team, managers and planners in the health care system should target in order to improve patient autonomy.
Mahmoud Motavassel Arani, Mohammad Hassan Alamolhoda, Nikzad Easazade, Gholamreza Noormohammadi,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Modern medical ethics, in particular the principle of Non-Maleficent, advises the medical staff to avoid any harm to the patient. Islamic jurists, using religious texts and sources, have introduced rules that are applicable in many areas of life. Among these rules, is the rule Non-Harm, that in this article to review this rule and its applications in medicine. In addition to discussions of the documents, a better understanding of the words "Darar" and "Dirar" and deny or forbid the word "La" at the beginning of the base document, is one of the major issues and disputes. Organ transplants, family planning and birth control, responsibility to protect the health, need to see a doctor for treatment, civil responsibility for doctors in the treatment, responsibility for custodians of society for the control of AIDS, are the problems affecting today's health systems that the rule of No Harm is flowing in them.
Javad Alipoor Silab, Nasser Sedghi, Hossein Namdar, Alireza Ghaffari, Mohamadreza Dashti,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
The system of Iranian medicine in the Qajar era was the continuation of the system based on the humors view. Accordingly, the incidence of most diseases was attributed to whole view of the quadruple imbalance of blood, soda, bile, phlegm. Preventive and therapeutic approaches were also carried out in the same cognitive atmosphere. The example of Smallpox disease, indicates such a view in the Qajar era. According to the findings of this research, in Qajar medical literature, the bumps of pus in the skin of is described to be hard, single or non-separated with different colors and was called as Jodri or Smallpox. In terms of cognitive aspects, physicians of Qajar era following former physicians classified Smallpox disease in terms of humor among the hot and wet diseases and described boiling of blood in the body as the cause of this disease. Exposure to this disease was through the two pathways preventive and therapeutic measures. In order to prevent the disease, the necessary orders was recommended by the physicians by “sette zarurieh” and especially avoidance of several behaviuors. In terms of therapy, along with several types of diets, different kinds of medicines was used to relieve the symptoms and complications of the disease at different body parts. This study is a review, it has been attempted to examine the nature and purpose of the descriptive and analytical method and the therapeutic approach to treating Smallpox disease in medical system of Iranian Qajar era. Required information and data have been created in a desk research.
Shilan Ghaderi, Mehran Sadeghi, Fayegh Yousefi, Mohammad Saleh Vahedi, Nader Karami, Aram Karimian,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the main methods of improving patient safety is use of reporting systems and providing facilities for analyzing and preventing mistakes. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of nursing managers of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences towards the voluntary reporting system of medical errors in 2015. In this descriptive-analytic study, all managers of selected hospitals in Kurdistan province were enrolled in this study. The data was collected through a valid questionnaire for attitude towards the voluntary reporting system of medical errors. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20, independent t-test, chi - square and ANOVA. According to the results of the study, 87.9% (80 participants) of the managers encountered reporting of errors in their workplace. 68.1% (62 participants) of the managers had a positive attitude toward the voluntary system of medical errors and 16.15 % (15 participants) had a negative attitude and 15.38% (14 participants) were indifferent. According to the results of the research, more than 68.1 % of managers have a positive attitude towards the voluntary reporting of medical errors and with the necessary measures a suitable platform for launching the voluntary reporting system of medical errors in the treatment centers can be provided.
Arghavan Haj-Sheykholeslami, Fatemeh Mollarahimi-Maleki, Marzieh Nojomi,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a narrative review and documentary research in the history of community medicine specialty formation and the needs for its existence in health systems. We searched and reviewed related literature and documents in English and or Farsi (printed or online). Data was extracted and findings were categorized, summarized, and reported. About a century ago community medicine specialty was formed to respond to major health challenges of that time such as neglecting the effects of social determinants on populations’ health and total separation between clinical care and public health. Community medicine professionals are able to address many of the current health problems such as inequalities in health, fair financing problems, increasing demands and costs and disease-based health system approaches. They can be the leading advocates to emphasize the importance of social determinants in health of populations. They can promote communications with influencing institutions outside the health system to improve the health of the communities. This discipline can pave the way for the health systems to tackle the most important contemporary health challenges. Lack of attention to this discipline may hinder the achievement of sustainable development goals and health promotion of the communities. More support from officials and utilizing the skills of community medicine specialists can help health systems not only to better respond to the health needs of the society but also to facilitate the achievement of their main goals.
Zahra Sadeqi-Arani,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
Since the release of COVID-19 epidemic in late December 2020, recommendations issued for personal protection by the World Health Organization and National Health Organizations around the world. The most prominent of which has the use of masks to prevent the spread of the virus. Despite the importance of this solution, many people still resist using the mask. Therefore, this study, by emphasizing the effect of individual beliefs and norms on consumer behavior, predicts the rate of wearing of mask by people with 4 factors: systemic thinking, individual-social responsibility, moral obligations and individualism. The statistical population of this research consists of citizens of Kashan city. A questionnaire has been used to collect data. The results of the mean tests indicate that women use masks more than men. Also, with increasing age and education, the use of masks has increased. The results of regression analysis test show that 4 predictors had predictive power. The rate of mask use has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of systems thinking, individual-social responsibility, moral obligations and a negative and significant relationship with individualism. Also, moral obligations (β=0.694; p-value<0.05) and systemic thinking (β=0.107; p-value<0.1) had the most and least effect on the criterion variable (mask wearing), respectively. According to the findings of this study, it seems necessary to create and develop a systemic thinking, pay attention to individual and social responsibilities, strengthen moral obligations and avoid individualism in relation to desirable collective behaviors to manage a pandemic crisis. As a result, implementing strategies to enhance these individual characteristics can help can help to strengthen and form desirable collective behaviors such as wearing a mask in the time of COVID-19.
Mohammad Hossein Eftekhari, Alireza Parsapour, Ayat Ahmadi, Bagher Larijani, Neda Yavari, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (11-2023)
Abstract
Defensive medicine is performing actions that have no medical indication and benefit for the patient (positive defensive medicine) or refraining from performing risky actions that have a medical indication and benefit for the patient (negative defensive medicine). These actions are carried out by the physicians with the sole motive of protecting themselves against complaints or tensions such as the protest of the patient or colleagues and usually cause physical, psychological, or economic harm to the patient or the institution that pays the treatment fee, such as insurance organizations. It can have consequences in terms of the quality of care and the efficient use of limited health resources. Factors such as the physician’s concerns about lawsuits and proceedings may lead to defensive behaviors. This study presented suggestions for the management and prevention of such behaviors, including three main categories related to the strategies for the reformation of the patient complaint handling system, social strategies for the management and prevention of defensive medicine, and managerial-organizational strategies. These strategies are based on the findings of a mixed-methods research including an unsystematic review of resources and a qualitative study conducted using semi-structured interviews. The results have been discussed by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Iran.
Zahr Kheiri, Toktam Masoumian Hosseini, Ataollah Pourabbasi,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (11-2023)
Abstract
Entrepreneurship and the creation of knowledge-based wealth during the past years are considerable issues in scientific and executive institutions, including health institutions. the present study aimed to design course topics to empower medical professionals to have an effective role in the innovation, technology, and knowledge-based ecosystem. This study was conducted using the scoping review method. After determining the research questions, a wide range of studies were investigated systematically and then a snowball search was performed to identify more relevant studies. In the next step, the most relevant data were extracted and then categorized and arranged according to the needs, and finally, the results were summarized as descriptive and inferential statistics tables. The data were coded and analyzed in pairs. Ultimately, the areas and course topics of the entrepreneurship curriculum were extracted and arranged as a suggested list. Then, the expert panel method was used to agree on the course topics and develop educational goals. In this study, 52 essential competencies were identified for medical professionals to have an effective role in the innovation, technology, and knowledge-based ecosystem. These competencies were categorized as 17 course topics and 3 categories including motivation, entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, and business knowledge and skills. Providing the necessary training to develop a comprehensive view of the opportunities and needs in society as well as the knowledge-based business environment is one of the basic concepts that should be included alongside entrepreneurship and business.
Ata Pourabbasi, Zahra Hoseini Tavassol, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (11-2023)
Abstract
The higher health education system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is an integrated system with multiple stakeholders responsible for training human resources in the health sector at different levels. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the effective institutional factors in this system. This study aimed to explain the position of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the country’s medical sciences education system and outline its major directions in this field. In this study, the knowledge-to-action framework was implemented in four steps. Effective institutional factors in system development were explained, and the role of the various stakeholders of the country’s medical sciences education system was compared with them. Then, the functions of the academy as a main beneficiary based on the degree of connection with the stages of the knowledge-to-action framework were weighted, and finally, these functions were classified into different categories. According to this model, although the academy plays a role in many stages of the development of the country’s medical sciences education system, it primarily functions as a think tank and observatory and to a lesser extent as a knowledge implementation unit. The model presented in this study will help the trustees of the Academy of Medical Sciences to play the largest and most effective role in the development of the country’s medical sciences education system, with optimal resource management and principled development of human capacities, thereby laying the groundwork for the improvement of the integrated health system.
Amirhossein Mardani, Maryam Nakhoda, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Research misconduct cases reviewed by ethics committees serve as a valuable source of data for managing potential future misconduct. This study examines the reported cases within closed research misconduct files of the National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research of Iran, aiming to identify common manifestations of misconduct and influential factors across various activities within the research system. Documentation from 100 closed cases reviewed by the National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research during 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. A documentary research method and qualitative content analysis were employed. Using a directional analysis approach, the manifestations and factors contributing to misconduct in each case were extracted and categorized. Subsequently, causal relationships between the reported factors were defined. Twenty-one manifestations of research misconduct were identified, most of which involved undesirable micro-level activities, particularly the failure to adhere to ethical standards in research publication. Although negative impacts were observed at the meso level, including issues with research oversight, training in research standards and skills, journal management structures, and administrative and financial structures within universities, macro-level activities and deficiencies in research system performance—such as inadequate investment and financial resource allocation—were not addressed. Twelve causal relationships contributing to research misconduct were identified, highlighting how inadequate performance across different levels of the research system—including administrative structures for research approval and funding, research infrastructure, research evaluation, training, journal management, and oversight mechanisms—can interact and exacerbate misconduct. A key finding was the insufficient reporting of reasons for research misconduct in case documentation. Ethics committees appear to lack significant focus on analyzing the underlying causes of misconduct. Detailed and precise reporting of misconduct reasons, alongside independent studies, would provide decision-makers with valuable insights for preventing future occurrences.
Morteza Javanmardi , Seyede Elahe Karimipour , Zahra Bakhshizadeh , Mohammad Hossein Taklif, Negin Farid,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Moral courage, encompassing the ability to act ethically in the face of adversity and uphold ethical principles, is crucial for nurses. This systematic review aimed to investigate the factors influencing moral courage among nurses. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords such as "moral courage," "ethics," "nurses," and "courage" in major databases, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Google Scholar, Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. The search included publications in both English and Persian with no time limitations. After excluding duplicates and screening the initial 2577 studies, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, ensuring ethical considerations were maintained throughout the selection, extraction, and analysis processes. The review revealed that moral courage in nurses is influenced by a multifaceted array of factors. Individual factors such as age, gender, work experience, and type of employment (e.g., permanent vs. temporary) were found to influence moral courage. Higher education, particularly possessing a master's degree or higher, and participation in medical ethics training were significantly associated with increased moral courage. Ethical sensitivity, defined as the ability to recognize and appreciate ethical dilemmas, was a significant facilitator of moral courage. A supportive work environment, characterized by factors such as strong ethical leadership, open communication, and adequate resources, was found to positively influence moral courage. Conversely, ethical distress experienced in challenging clinical situations can negatively impact moral courage. This review demonstrates that moral courage among nurses is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, professional, and environmental factors. Enhancing moral courage requires a multi-pronged approach, including strengthening nursing education with a robust emphasis on ethics training, fostering a supportive and ethically sound work environment, and implementing strategies to mitigate ethical distress. These interventions can significantly contribute to improved clinical practice and enhanced patient care.
Zahra Abdollahi, Marzieh Barahooei Noori, Mohammad Hossein Khani, Mohammad Hossein Taklif, Negin Farid,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Moral intelligence encompasses an individual's ability to discern right from wrong, possess ethical values, and demonstrate ethical behavior in practice. Clinical competence, a crucial aspect of nursing practice, encompasses a combination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, including adherence to ethical principles. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and clinical competence among nurses and nursing students. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords related to "moral intelligence," "clinical competence," "nurses," and "nursing students" in major international databases, including Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as national databases such as Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. The search included publications in Persian and English with no time limitations. After removing duplicates and screening the initial 150 identified studies, five studies met the inclusion criteria. Ethical considerations, including minimizing bias in the selection, extraction, and analysis of evidence, were adhered to throughout the review process. The abstract adheres to PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. The review revealed a significant positive correlation between moral intelligence and clinical competence across various dimensions. Studies demonstrated that higher levels of moral intelligence were associated with improved clinical competence, including ethical reasoning and clinical self-efficacy. Factors such as age, work experience, educational status, and individual rank were found to influence this relationship. Additionally, some studies indicated that moral intelligence could predict clinical competence scores, while others demonstrated that it could be a significant predictor of clinical competence alongside other factors such as Grade Point Average (GPA). This systematic review provides evidence for a significant positive relationship between moral intelligence and clinical competence among nurses and nursing students. Enhancing moral intelligence through targeted educational interventions can contribute to improved clinical competence and ultimately enhance the quality of patient care. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating educational programs designed to enhance moral intelligence in nursing education and practice.
