Showing 16 results for Attitude
Naser Aghababaei,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (12-2011)
Abstract
Euthanasia, to end easily the life of a terminally ill patient, is one of the most controversial ethical issues which there are not enough information about it in Iranian society. Valid and reliable instruments can facilitate research in this issue. The current study aimed at assessing the rate of acceptance of euthanasia in a group of college students, and studying validity and reliability of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS). Four hundred and thirty seven students judged about morality of euthanasia (by accepting euthanasia scale), and then completed the EAS. To analyze the data, indices of descriptive and inferential statistics including factor analysis and convergent validity were used. The results show that only 27.9 percent of the participants agree with euthanasia. There was a strong correlation between euthanasia acceptance and ethical considerations. Factor analysis of the EAS confirmed a three factor structure. Cronbach's alpha for the EAS was 0.88 and its correlation with euthanasia acceptance score was 0.54 which indicate internal consistency reliability and convergent validity of the EAS. According to these findings, most of the students are against euthanasia and their opposition to euthanasia mostly is due to Ethical Considerations within the domains of euthanasia attitude. Moreover, this study showed that the Persian version of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale is a valid instrument for assessing attitudes toward euthanasia.
Tahereh Moghadas, Maryam Momeni, Mojgan Baghaee, Shahram Ahmadi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
Nurses play an important role in end-of-life care for dying patients. Based on the essence of the work environment, nurses are confronted with dying patients and their requests for euthanasia more than other care givers. However, little is known about their attitudes towards euthanasia. Hence, aim of present study was to determine nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia. In this descriptive-analytical study, 91 nurses who employed in intensive care units situated in educational and medical hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences participated. Nurses attitudes evaluated by using Euthanasia Attitude Scale. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test, ANOVA and generalized linear models) by SPSS software version 16. Majority of nurses (83.5%) had negative attitude toward euthanasia. Univariate analysis showed no significant statistical relationship between demographic factors and nurses' attitude toward euthanasia, whilst age (P < 0.029) and employment status (P < 0.004) were related to nurses' attitude toward euthanasia in regression analysis.
Findings of the present study showed that majority of nurse's believe in care of dying patients for health maintenance and life continuance even in the end stage of life. They don't accept euthanasia at any condition. Perhaps, more accurate studies need to assess other confounding factors such as nurses' knowledge, practice and role.
Abbas Abbaszadeh, Fariba Borhani, Mohadeseh Motamedjahromi, Homa Zaher,
Volume 5, Issue 7 (2-2013)
Abstract
Nursing advocacy is an essential aspect of nursing professionals' ethics that promotes patients' autonomy, safety, and rights. It seems that nurses' attitudes toward nursing advocacy can affect their role as patients' advocates and improve the nurse-patient relationship. This study aimed to investigate nurses' attitudes toward patient advocacy in educational hospitals in Kerman.The data for this descriptive-analytical study was collected using a self-administered questionnaire by quota sampling among 385 nurses from four teaching hospitals of Kerman and analyzed using the SPSS software including descriptive and inferential statistics. Overall the nurses' attitude toward nursing advocacy was relatively positive. There was a significant relationship among nurses' attitude and age, sex, nursing experience and participation in workshops, while we could find no significant relationship between nurses' level of education and their attitude. The nurses' attitude in mental hospitals was more appropriate than others, and the majority of participants were confident that they were suited for the advocacy role.The cognitive aspect of nurses' attitude was stronger than the behavioral aspect. Despite the lack of significant effect of education, more nursing experience led to more willingness to play the advocacy role. In psychiatric hospitals, nurses with more independence and stronger relationships with the patients became more familiar with the needs of patients so these nurses made more effort to defend them. It seems Iranian nurses have felt morally obligated to defend their patients for many years. In order to support nurses' advocacy role in our country, we believe it is necessary to reinforce this attitude in nurses through holding ethical workshops.
Manijeh Seresht, Ahmad Izadi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2013)
Abstract
Breaking bad news emotionally affects both health professionals and patients. Breaking bad news is a sensitive issue for both health care providers and patients. It is generally believed that the patient’s adjustment can be affected by either a positive or a negative experience in this respect. This study aims to determine health care providers’ attitudes toward breaking bad news to parents in NICU and labor wards.This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shahrecord in 2011 with a study sample of 70 health care providers drawn from neonatal intensive care units and labor wards and the department of nursing and midwifery who had had at least one year’s clinical experience. The sampling method was census. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire in two sections: demographic information and health care providers’ attitudes toward breaking bad news. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with descriptive and Chi-square and T-student test statistics.
Most participants (63.2%) had a positive attitude toward disclosing bad news to parents. 77.6% of caregivers faced difficulties in delivering bad news to parents, 92.6% of them believed that training workshops in this field are necessary. There was a significant statistical relationship between the attitudes of the health care providers and their education level and work place (P < 0.0001). Health professionals with higher education levels and nursing and midwifery staff had more positive attitudes.There was no significant statistical relationship between the attitudes of the health care providers and their history of difficulties in transferring bad news, workshop trainings, work experience, gender, age and marital status (P > 0.05). The majority of health professionals had a negative attitude toward immediate disclosure of bad news to parents, mothers holding and seeing their deceased babies, dedicating a special room to perinatal loss mothers with similar problems, and preventing other patients and their families from contacting them.Based on the findings of this study, teaching bad news communication skills to personnel of NICU and labor wards should receive prioritization in future continuing medical education programs in order to best prepare the staff for disclosure of bad news to parents.
Shourangiz Biranvand, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Reza Hosseinabadi, Mehdi Safari,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Despite the efforts of health care practitioners, medical errors are inevitable. Disclosure of errors is patients’ demand and right. The aim of this study was to determine the nursing staff’s attitudes about disclosure of medical errors to patients and its relationship with disclosure of actual and hypothetical errors. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 180 of the nursing staff employed in the educational hospitals of the city of Khorramabad were selected by non-probability quota and available sampling. Data collection tools were a valid and reliable questionnaire including some questions about the nursing staff’s attitude toward disclosing medical errors to patients, recording and reporting actual errors, and scenarios to investigate the tendency of nurses for reporting hypothetical errors. The data was analyzed SPSS software. The findings indicate that the mean score of the nursing staff’s attitude about disclosing medical errors to patients was 80.50 14.4. The mean score of the nursing staff’s attitudes toward recording minor actual errors (P < 0.02) and their tendency to disclose hypothetical errors causing minor injuries (P < 0.001), moderate injuries (P < 0.001) and major injuries (P < 0.003) were meaningfully more than those who did not tend to disclose errors. There was no significant difference between attitudes of nurses with a history of disclosing actual errors that lead to major harms to patients (P = 0.64) and those who did not report such medical errors to patients. Attitude of the nursing staff toward disclosing medical errors to patients was at a moderate level, which practically increases the probability of concealing errors.
Lotfali Khani, Mozafar Ghaffari, Mansour Haghighian,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Abstract
Social capital and altruism are the most effective factors on the cultural development of a society and can play an important role in promoting ethics within the health care system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and altruism and the ethical attitudes of physicians. This correlational and descriptive study was performed on 322 doctors working in medical centers in west Azerbaijan during 2013 who were selected by cluster-random sampling. Onyx and Bullen social capital scale, Carlo et al. altruism scale and Karamporian et al. ethics questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the ethical attitudes of physicians and altruism (R = 0.238), the structure subscale (R = 0.489), cognition subscale (R = 0.581) and relationship subscale (R = 0.554) of social capital. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 in this study. The multi-variable correlation coefficient and enter method indicated that social capital subscales can influence the ethical attitudes of physicians (0.457). The results showed that there was a correlation between social capital and altruism and ethical attitudes in the medical profession. Thus, it seems that promoting social capital and altruism can positively influence individuals’ ethical attitudes in the medical profession.
Farahnaz Abdollahzadeh, Mojgan Lotfi, Ahmad Mirzaaghazadeh, Zahra Etebari Asl,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
The climate of clinical settings is one of the effective factors on the quality of clinical education and students' attitude toward their field of study. This research aims to determine the relationship between the ethical climate of operating rooms and the students’ attitude toward their field of study in hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.All medical students in the operating rooms of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in their second semester during the academic year 2013 - 2014 were entered into this analytic study. In addition to the demographic questionnaire, Olson’s Hospital Ethical Climate Survey and a student attitude questionnaire were used to collect the information. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 software using descriptive and analytical statistics methods including chi-square test and Spearman's ordinal correlation coefficient.Most of the students were female (61.4%) and single (86.8%) and the mean of their age was 20.87 ± 1.54. Additionally, 64.9% of the students had a negative perception of the ethical climate in operating rooms, while 51.8% had a positive attitude toward their field of study. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between the ethical climate and attitude of operating room students toward their field of study (P ≤ 0.001, r = 0.56). Despite the negative ethical climate of operating rooms, most of the students had a positive attitude toward their field of study. In view of the direct relationship between these two variables, improvements in the ethical climate of operating rooms and students’ attitude toward their field of study can positively affect their future career.
Nader Hajlo, Mozafar Ghaffari, Mansoor Movaghar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Social and moral intelligence can enhance nurses’ amenability and affect their professional performance in treatment settings, where there is considerable personality and individual diversity. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between nurses' social and moral intelligence, and their attitude to patient education. This was a descriptive-analytic correlation study conducted on a statistical sample of 200 nurses selected from West Azerbaijan province during 2014 using the Cochran formula and cluster sampling. Lennick & Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory, Thet’s Social Intelligence Scale and a researcher-compiled questionnaire on nurses' attitude to patient education were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. A positive relationship was found between nurses' attitude to patient education and the social intelligence variable (r=0.422, P=0.001), subscale integrity (r=0.554, P=0.001) subscale responsibility (r=0.292, P=0.001), subscale forgiveness (r=0.283, P=0.002) and subscale compassion (r=0.353, P=0.001) of moral intelligence. The results of multi-variable correlation coefficient using input method indicated that social intelligence and the subscales of moral intelligence influence nurses' attitude to patient education (R2 = 0.426). Patient education is among the main responsibilities of nurses. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social intelligence and the subscales of moral intelligence, and nurses’ attitude to patient education. It is therefore necessary to improve nurses’ social and moral intelligence through group training in order to enhance their educational role.
Mehdi Aghili, Razieh Akbari, Ali Kazemian,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Truth-telling is considered as an important topic of modern discussion regarding the physician-patient relationship. The present study examined the behavior of physicians in disclosing the truth to patients. For this purpose, a total of 161 cancer specialists were selected using the simple random sampling technique. Research instrument consisted of a 24-item questionnaire based on expert opinion and the review of related literature. The results of item prioritization indicated that the participants ranked the following two items as highest in terms of attitude: "It is the basic right of patients to know about their condition", and "Relatives' participation in disclosing the truth to patients is rather beneficial". Research results also showed a positive and significant correlation between attitude and truth-telling tendency. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis by SMART-PLS software demonstrated that perceived behavioral control (self-efficiency) has the greatest impact on physicians' tendency toward truth-telling. The prediction power of planned behavior theory in predicting physicians' truth-telling behavior was established at 92 percent. Based on these findings, it is recommended to employ experts and adopt relevant guidelines to train novice physicians. Moreover, Iranian health officials are advised to take corrective measures to improve physicians' attitudes and subjective norms.
Maryam Zahedi, Omid Asemani, Hossein Mahmoodian,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the rate of cesarean section in Iran. Physicians can have an active role in controlling this rate as they are truthfully consulted and followed by the general public. The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education has also adopted new policies to control the national cesarean rate. The present study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude of medical residents towards elective cesarean section versus normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in 2015.
In this cross-sectional study, residents of four major fields of specialty (obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, general surgery and internal medicine) were interviewed using a researcher-made questionnaire. The face and content validity and reliability of the instrument were determined, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.77. A total of 108 residents with the mean age of 32.89 participated in the study. Of this number, 53 reported at least one personal experience of childbirth (their own or that of their wives) with a satisfaction rate of 9.5 and 6.3 out of 10 for NVD and cesarean respectively. The mean score of the domains of "knowledge", "attitude" and "function" were 3.5, 3.6 and 3.3 (out of 5) respectively. There was a meaningful correlation between the variable of "sex" and the domain of "knowledge", "specialty" and all three domains, and "methods of delivery" and the two domains of "attitude" and "function". 34.3% of the residents chose "mandatory public education of pregnant women" as the first step to decrease the cesarean rate.
It can be concluded that educating pregnant women should be the main strategy for decreasing the cesarean rate in Iran. Considering the significance of medical specialists’ "knowledge", "attitude" and "function” with regard to the method of delivery chosen by pregnant women, it is recommended to develop specialty educational programs in line with the policies of the Iranian Ministry of Health to decrease the cesarean rate
Hakimeh Eskandari Sabzi, Maryam Heidari, Shahrzad Nezarat, Mahsa Mousavi, Mohammad Amin Harizavi, Atefeh Zahedi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Ethics of care are the central core of nursing values and a fundamental concept in the nursing profession. Since the outlook of nurses on ethics can affect the quality of care, the present study was conducted to investigate the attitude of nursing students to codes of ethics for nurses, their commitment to ethics of care, and academic dishonesty in Abadan School of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive analytical study was performed among 150 nursing students of Abadan School of Medical Sciences by census sampling in 2016. After giving their informed consent, the students completed the questionnaire designed by McCrink in 3 sections: 1) demographic information, 2) attitude to ethics codes, commitment to ethics of care and neutralization behaviors, and 3) outlook on academic dishonesty. Data were analyzed using descriptive statics, chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS version 21.
The results showed that the students had the most positive attitude to ethics codes and commitment to ethics of care, and the most negative attitude to neutralization behaviors. Less than half of the participants had a negative outlook on academic dishonesty. Moreover, about 40 percent of the students reported academic dishonesty among their classmates. Ethics codes are moral values in academic and clinical settings and should therefore be considered as major components of initial nursing education programs. Additionally, it seems necessary to make efforts in order to change nursing students’ attitude toward academic dishonesty.
Farzan Azodi, Maryam Mousavinasab, Nilofar Davani, Parisa Mirzaei, Faezeh Jahanpour,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Patient rights is one of the essential rights that should be considered by the medical staff, checking and comparing the attitudes of first and last year medical students to inform the ethical points of service delivery is important. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate of first and last year medical students' attitude about respecting patients' rights in hospitals of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out by using a questionnaire derived from Patient Right Charter approved by the Ministry of Health. The study population included all the first and last year of medical students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was 113 and the sampling method was census. By using independent t-test and Pearson correlation, data analysis was performed by SPSS19 software. The attitude of first year students' was 76.36 ± 13.90 and among seniors was 71.63 ± 8.08, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). %52 of first and %84 of last year medical students had respectively and relatively favorable attitude regarding patients' rights. There was not statistically significant relationship between students' attitude and demographic factors. First year students had a better attitude among patient rights than the last year students. Therefore, planning to improve the students' attitude of observing patients' rights during the years of study is recommended.
Afrooz Korzebor, Kobra Rashidi, Rezvan Moradi, Shirin Pirzad, Mahdi Birjandi,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Capacity, positive attitude, and proper nurses' function in dealing with death are greatly influenced by their religious beliefs. An important religious variable, the type of internal religious orientation (Implementing religious beliefs in all behaviors and practices) and the external (Using Religious Beliefs to Achieve Material Objectives). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and nursing students' attitude towards death. The study had a cross-sectional correlational design, where 202 students from all nursing students were selected by random sampling in the academic year of 2017-2018. Data were collected via Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire and the Standard Scale of Attitude toward Death (DAP-R) which were completed by participants after confirmation of validity and reliability and obtaining written consent from participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Participants included 51.5% females, the average age was 21.7 years, 89.6% single, 95.5% undergraduates, 53% resident of the dormitory, 94.6% Shiite, and 50.5% had experience of seeing death. The average score of internal religious orientation was higher than that of the outside; and it was the same in both sexes. The difference between the mean score of internal orientation and the active acceptance of death was a positive correlation (P <0.001) and with avoidance of death, it had a significant negative inverse correlation (p= 0.01/0.17); Exterior orientation with fear of death and acceptance by escape had a significant positive correlation (P <0.001); the difference in mean score of both religious orientations was not significant in terms of gender, marital status, and religion (P>0.001). The difference between fear of death and avoidance of death and acceptance by escape based on gender, and in terms of admission or escape, having experience of seeing death, had a meaningful relationship (p=0.01). While there was no significant relationship between attitude toward death and family death experience (P>0.001). Findings show the type of religious orientation of nursing students and its relationship with people’s attitudes toward admission or escape from death; as the effective factor affecting the health of individuals and the quality of providing care for dying patients.
Sina Valiee, Shiva Mohammadi, Shaeib Dehghani, Farzaneh Khanpour,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Nowadays, transplantation is the final treatment for the patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. Considering the importance of the organ donation and the important role of teachers in raising the knowledge and attitude of a large group of people, the present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and the attitudes of the teachers in Sanandaj regarding organ donation. This study was a descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional). A total of 250 teachers working in the first and second level of high school in Sanandaj city were selected by cluster sampling method in the academic year 2017-2018 and completed the questionnaire on knowledge and attitude towards organ donation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20, independent t-test and ANOVA. The findings of this study showed that 152 (60.8%) had moderate knowledge and 92 (36.8%) had high knowledge about organ donation. 166 teachers (66.4%) had moderate attitude and 81 teachers (32.4%) had high attitude toward it. 90.8% of teachers lacked donation cards, while 144 (57.6%) were inclined to receive a donation card. According to the results, the knowledge and attitude of the majority of teachers were moderate and most of them did not have a donation card. Considering the importance of this effective group in raising the culture and knowledge of students and their families in the community toward organ donation, education and preparing appropriate background for receiving, raising knowledge, and attitudes toward organ donation for the teachers are required.
Arman Latifi, Seyyed Sadegh Hosseini, Sara Rahimi, Vahid Rahmani, Atefeh Esfandiari, Hedayat Salari,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Professional commitment is described as a set of attitudes, values, behaviors, and relationships that serve as the foundation of a health professional's contract with society. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the attitude of medical students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences towards professional commitment in 2022. The research population of this descriptive study included 254 students of the last 3 years of the Faculty of Medicine of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences who were included in the study by census. The standard questionnaire of attitude towards the professional commitment of doctors was used for data gathering. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive tests, Spearman's correlation test, linear regression and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the students participating in the study was 24.69±2.25 years. The mean and standard deviation of the attitude score towards professional commitment were 67.12±12.72 out of 100. There was a statistically significant relationship between the variables of age, academic semester and experience of participating in training courses related to professional ethics with the mean attitude score (p < 0.05), but there was no relationship between gender and the attitude score towards professional commitment. There was no statistical significance (p > 0.05). Educational centers and its professors, as the most influential force on the formation of students' morals, should revise and implement the educational program well in the field of medical professionalism, considering professional needs
Shabnam Rasoulpoor, Reza Nematollahi Maleki, Neda Tagizadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Euthanasia, defined as the intentional ending of a patient's life to relieve intractable suffering, presents complex ethical, legal, and emotional challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses. Nurses play a pivotal role in end-of-life care, making their attitudes toward euthanasia crucial for understanding its implications in clinical practice. This review aims to synthesize existing literature on nurses' attitudes about euthanasia to identify key influencing factors and areas requiring further exploration. This study was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guideline with no time limitation (by December 2024). Eligible articles were selected following a search in various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar) using keywords and operators of “AND” & “OR.” The search strategy included “Perceptions” OR “Attitudes” OR “Nurse” AND “Euthanasia.” Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers (SR and NT). Studies were evaluated with the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS Tool). A total of 21 studies were included in the review. The review revealed that nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia vary widely depending on legal frameworks, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and personal values. In countries where euthanasia is legalized, such as Belgium and the Netherlands, nurses often report greater acceptance and willingness to participate in the process, emphasizing their role in ensuring patient autonomy and dignity. Conversely, in regions where euthanasia is illegal, nurses frequently express ethical concerns, moral distress, and reluctance to support the practice. Common themes include the need for clear guidelines, ethical training, and emotional support systems for nurses dealing with euthanasia-related situations. Nurses’ attitudes about euthanasia are influenced by a complex interplay of cultural, legal, and personal factors. While some nurses view euthanasia as an extension of compassionate care, others experience ethical dilemmas and professional conflict. This highlights the need for robust ethical frameworks, specialized training, and supportive resources to help nurses navigate the challenges associated with euthanasia in their practice.
