Showing 8 results for Embryo
Kiarash Aramesh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (7-2008)
Abstract
Confidentiality is anonymity of gamete or embryo donors to the recipients and resulted children and Vice Versa. In this article, I formulated the question about confidentiality through two main questions: 1- Ethically speaking, should the information about the characteristics and identity of donors be kept in specific organizations to be accessible for who considered having the right of access in the future? 2- Are receivers ethically obliged to inform their children about their biological origin? In this article, I assess the subject from Deontological, Utilitarianistic and Principalistic approaches and conclude that it is the right of such children to be informed about their biological origin. Of course in Iran, such ethical obligation should be suspended until the problems relating the heritage are solved.
Mohammad Rasekh, Mojgan Khorshidi, Faezeh Amiri,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (6-2012)
Abstract
Posthumous reproduction has recently emerged in line with the development of assisted reproduction technology (ART) methods. In this method, individuals take steps to freeze their gametes or embryos for posthumous insemination or reproduction. However, diverse moral and legal questions ensue, and it is important to preserve human dignity and protect the child's rights and interests. In this regard, from an ethical point of view, we discuss supporting and opposing arguments on autonomy, consent, and the child’s interests. We reason that any measure to be taken on the gamete after death has to be based on the autonomy of the deceased and his/her explicit or implicit consent as to the posthumous use of the gamete. On the legal aspects, we discuss proprietary rights over gametes, filiation of the child, and his/her inheritance. In our opinion, non-financial authority over one’s organs, tissues and cells, as well as parenthood and conditional inheritance are plausible answers in these regards. Evidently, the legal system cannot address these issues without taking into account the ART developments and contemporary expediencies. This in turn depends on taking a modern stance relying on justifiable moral and legal principles. Moreover, it will help identify shortcomings of the legal system in this regard.
Fatemeh Torof,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Practically, scientific foundations illustrate that the embryo plays a main role in the related technical scenarios. Considering this fact, if technical researches orientated to human subjects, essential legal and juridical arguments will be generated. This article aims to offer a new analysis about moral and juridical nature of human embryo and the associated parental relationships. Adopting this idea that the embryo before 4th month has no human dignity, the author attempted to present a parental relationship based on ownership and material value. Although the author believes that this idea is built on the legal foundations, it primarily seems that the adopted idea will be faced to moral challenges. From the stand point of this article the concept of the material value of the embryo absolutely refers to an intrinsic value and it doesn’t necessarily relate to financial treats. On the other hand, according to the main pure content of the Islamic juridical rule of Taslit, it illustrates that the right of ownership has been limited by different restrictions .
Laila Nikooienejad, Shamsollah Seraj,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
Human cloning is among the newest and most advanced technologies in the field of medical sciences and genetics, and has been a popular topic of discussion throughout the 21st century. The success of scientists in the use of this technology on animals has caused great concern for outstanding thinkers of various fields.
Some issues that necessitate research on this subject include: physical injuries caused by manipulation of ovaries, the cell nucleus, and the embryo the possibility of mental and emotional damage, and premature aging potential threats to human will and discretion a violation of human dignity and conflicts with religions and world-views.
A philosophical outlook on these issues can guide the researcher from the surface to the root of the problem and redirect such concerns, and at the same time shed light on the existing disputes between scholars of natural sciences and humanities regarding the cloning technology. This will be especially true if such an outlook is based on a tradition as rich as the Iranian Islamic philosophy. The present article uses analytical library research to investigate the anthropological teachings of Sadraian philosophy from the ontological and epistemological point of view. The article then proceeds to examine the outcomes and consequences of the cloning technology according to this doctrine.
It seems that the anthropological principles embedded in or hidden behind therapeutic or reproductive cloning technology are not in conflict with Sadraian anthropology.
Nazila Taghavi, Reza Omani Samani, Mohammad Asadinejad,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Cryopreserved embryos are considered as abandoned embryos in two situations. The first situation is when the embryo`s owners have no definite domicile and no written guideline has been provided by the couple regarding the embryo`s status. The second one is when the owners of cryopreserved embryos explicitly state that they permit the freezing centers to decide about their embryos` fate. The aim of the present study was to determine the best possible decisions about cryopreserved embryos in case of their abandonment by couples.
This research was conducted through library and analytical research methods.
As the cryopreservation of embryos is expensive, cryopreservation centers must be exempted from preserving embryos after unsuccessful attempts at communication with the owners and passing of reasonable time.
Making decisions about the fate of abandoned cryopreserved embryos depends on the nature we attribute to them. If we consider abandoned cryopreserved embryos as humans, it is possible to destroy them according to the rule that necessities allow prohibitions. If we consider them as properties or quasi-properties, when there is no accessibility to their owners in order to determine their fate as properties, the governor is permitted to make decisions about their disposal or donation for researches.
Fateme Faramarzi Razini, Seyyed Mahdi Salehi, Seyyed Mahdi Ghoreishi, Amir Hamzeh Salarzaee, Nazafarin Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Reproduction and fertility are considered a substantial need for the survival of the human race and has seen its ups and downs. Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ARTs) have brought some changes as well as challenge in human reproduction. For instance, involvement of a third-party in pregnancy has become a challenging practice. Given the rapid application of ARTs in Iran, obscure aspects and consequences associated with this technology need to be elaborated. The present study aimed at investigating the identity and rights of children resulting from ARTs based on the existing laws and the opinions of the contemporary Shi’ite Grand Ayatollahs. First, by reviewing the sources of Islamic law as well as searching the legal and reliable electronic resources -using key terms such as parentage, guardianship, embryo donation and infertility- the existing laws and regulations about ARTs have been analyzed. Then, by a qualitative method, written opinions of some contemporary Shi’ite Grand Ayatollahs regarding the identity and the rights of a child born by involvement of a third party were collected. The result shows inconsistency between the opinion of the contemporary Islamic jurists and the existing law about embryo donation. Islamic Jurists believe that the child of embryo donation does not belong to the recipient couple. However, according to the Embryo Donation Act, in particular with regard to the duties placed upon infertile couples, who receive the donated embryo, implicitly accept the recipient couple as the parents of the child. This eventually leaves the child with an identity crisis besides deprivation of citizenship rights in some cases. Accordingly, as the current rules and legislations of Iran conflicts with views of the Islamic jurists, to resolve this problem, a revision to accept the recipients as legal parents of the child is necessary.
Mohammad Rasekh, Saeedreza Ghaffari, Alireza Milanifar, Farhad Yaghmaie, Faezeh Ameri, Shirin Boroomand,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Development of new methods of treatments for infertility has given rise to a serious question as to the access to such methods. Determination of the ones who can access the mentioned treatments and the limits of this access, depends to the definition of infertility. The Law of the method for Embryo Donation to Infertile Couples according to Iranian legislature considers the infertile couple who “cannot reproduce in accordance with credible medical certificate” as eligible to receive the donated embryo. However, applicants for modern infertility treatment methods have gone beyond infertile couples and include those couples who wish, based on credible medical evidence, to avoid having unhealthy children, especially by using donation methods or surrogacy. Accordingly, having supported a preventive approach to ARTs, a new concept of infertility will appear on the horizon. Expanding this concept to couples who are considered fertile from a common medical perspective but give birth to seriously unhealthy children shall inevitably lead us to revise the common legal concept of infertility. Therefore, by resorting to ethical reasoning, laws, and regulations of various legal systems and Fiqhi opinions we can develop another interpretation of Embryo Donation Law and argue for the access of the “perceived as infertile” couples to the infertility treatment with the help of third parties.
Narjes Heshmati Far , Leila Rabie Nasab, Ahmad Mozafari Join , Mohsen Velayati ,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Infertility has been the main problem of infertile couples in history. However, infertility is solved with modern methods’ in recent decades. Embryo donation is one of the methods to infertile couples. In this method, sperm and oocyte of legal and religious couples are inoculated in the lab and the fetus is given to other legal and religious couples. However, people and doctors have doubts to agree or disagree with the views of contemporary jurisprudents. Then, the legislature passed the law of donating embryos to infertile couples in 2003. Although at the time, this law was very useful. However, there are shortcomings because of the brief writing of the law. The child's confidentiality to the fetus has not been determined. In this paper, the rights of Shia jurisprudence books and their adaptation to the opinions of the jurisprudents articles regarding the confidentiality of the embryo donation are discussed. Concluding different opinions from medical ethics and jurisprudential comments and laws, confidentiality of the mother’s womb to the child was proved. All provisions of the foster mother also runs. The confidentiality of the father will also be accepted according to several conditions.
