Naser Aghab Babaee, Javad Hatami,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (5-2011)
Abstract
Ethical research and theories assign great importance to the role of intention in passing moral judgments about individuals’ actions. The doctrine of double effect is among ethical disciplines that differentiate between controversial medical situations such as end of life care or abortion, and intentional, premeditated damage, in that they consider the former impermissible and the latter permissible under specific circumstances. The present paper was conducted to investigate the role of intention in judging a person’s actions, and to provide empirical evidence for the doctrine of double effect. 200 students were asked to evaluate the morality of two situations: in the first situation, one person needs to be killed so that five other persons can be saved. In the second, the killing of one person is the side effect of saving five others. Data analysis was performed based on frequency, averages and ANOVAs using SPSS statistical software version 16. The analysis indicated completely different responses to these two situations: in the first situation most respondents (62.3%) considered the act of killing the one person unethical, while in the second situation the majority of respondents (60.6%) considered the act that would result in the one person getting killed as ethical. The findings of the present paper highlighted the role of intention in passing moral judgments and provided empirical evidence in support of the doctrine of double effect. This research also demonstrated that the attitude of theorists about the role of intention in moral judgments is consistent with the moral sense of ordinary people.
Esmatsadat Hashemi, Maasoumeh Barkhordari-Sharifabad , Mohammad Mehdi Salaree,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
Turnover and moral distress are considered as one of the challenges in health care systems. Nursing leaders are one of the factors influencing the thoughts and behaviors of nurses in organizational environments. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ethical leadership, moral distress and the turnover intention of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2020. The research method was descriptive-correlation. A total of 130 participants were enrolled by stratified sampling method from 3 hospitals. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaires, Ethical Leadership in Nursing, moral distress, and turnover intention. Then data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 16. The results showed that ethical leadership and all its components were at the desired level. Also, moral distress and intention to leave were moderate. There was a significant negative correlation between ethical leadership and all its dimensions with the turnover intention and moral distress. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of turnover intention and the moral distress. Therefore, considering the significant relationship between ethical leadership, moral distress, and the turnover, by adopting this type of leadership approach by nursing managers, moral distress and the turnover intention among nurses can be reduced.
Mohammad Rasekh, Faezeh Ameri,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Filiation is one of the important legal issues which has gone under developments during the history of legal system. Over the modern times, along with the emergence of new methods of reproduction particularly those with the help of a third party, legal regulation of filiation of children resulting from such methods has encountered with new challenges. To whom these children are to be filiated? According to one of the traditions, the mother filiation is based on gestation and the father’s one on gamete. The question, however, is that whether these two criteria can regulate the filiation of such children in a consistent and effective manner. A study of laws and regulations of various countries gives us a negative answer. Laws that merely rely on these two criteria for the determination of filiation of those children would give rise to vagueness, undecidedness and uncertainty in this regard. Therefore, the necessity of a new criterion, i.e. that of intention, has been put forth. In this paper, we intend to study efforts made by legislators and judges of different legal systems so as to reach an effective and consistent criterion in this area.
