Showing 11 results for Law
Fariba Haji Ali , ,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2011)
Abstract
Alireza Milanifar ,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (5-2011)
Abstract
Illnesses and their treatment, pharmacy and pharmacology, medical equipment, hygiene and health related topics, health economics, preventative measures, lab equipment and supplies, human resource service delivery models, education and training of health care professional, and associated areas of law are collectively referred to as the health care system. At times it is even difficult to separate health care from social injuries and civil conditions, since these can pose direct or indirect threats to individuals’ health. As health policy makers, managers and professionals demand and encourage the observance of ethical considerations in providing health care, neglect of the legal aspect of the health care system can bring about unethical phenomena that necessitate legal measures.
The present paper aimed to determine whether the general traditional legal classifications, that is, jurisdiction and sovereignty, apply to the health care system, and if so, which of the two it falls under. What further highlights the significance of answers to such questions is the fact that they are closely connected to regulations of the health care system.
It could well be that some companies in the health industry have a negative effect on the ethical conduct of physicians and other health care professionals, as due to their commercial nature and structure, these companies are dominated by rules of business, and this exerts limitations on their observance of ethical considerations.
This study investigated a number of such seemingly legitimate situations and the problems associated with them, hoping to eliminate legal conflicts and promote ethics in the process of providing health care in the society.
Fariba Haji Ali, Mohadeseh Moeinifar,
Volume 4, Issue 5 (10-2011)
Abstract
Divine religions have adopted various stances regarding cloning, and the Jewish faith has likewise examined the issue and investigated both its classifications. The present paper is a case study of the viewpoints of Jewish scholars on both reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
The results showed that regarding therapeutic cloning, Jewish scholars believe in three different viewpoints: impermissiblity, permissibility and necessity, while they only believe in the first two regarding reproductive cloning, and they present reasoning for their views. This was a library research based on books and articles in Farsi and other languages as well as online sources.
Mahsa Shakour, Alireza Yousefi, Leila Bazrafkan, Zahra Jouhari, Safoora Taheri, Athar Omid,
Volume 6, Issue 5 (12-2013)
Abstract
Abortion is a challenging issue. It is proposed as a problem in medical philosophy and medical ethics texts. In dealing with abortion, graduate medical students may be influenced by different situations, or make a decision according to their conscience. Therefore they should acquire a satisfactory level of ethical development to deal with these issues during their years of education.Some things that are important for education on abortion are law, religious and moral reasoning, understanding the moral reasoning of people who request an elective abortion and related ethical philosophies. If health providers want to make the right decision and manage the patient suitably, they should be aware of the moral reasoning of the abortion applicant, religious moral reasoning, legal issues, and the ethical philosophies related to elective abortion, so they can do the best thing when dealing with abortion applicants. Sometimes the abortion applicant or the health provider thinks that abortion is an ethical action, but according to religion and the philosophy of ethics it is not. Therefore supporting health may be warranted by educating medical students on ethics as well as religious rules and legal issues.
Mohammad Zirak, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ali Aghajanloo, Hamidreza Haririan,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Respecting patients’ privacy leads to increased satisfaction among hospitalized patients and can accelerate the healing process and reduce hospitalization time. This study aimed to determine the level of respect for patient privacy in the teaching hospitals of Zanjan city during 2012. In this cross-sectional study 256 hospitalized patients were selected by multistage sampling and completed the study questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part collected the participants’ demographic data and the second part examined the various aspects of patients’ physical privacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The results showed that most of the samples (76.2%) were unaware of patients’ rights, and about half (49.2%) believed that their physical privacy was respected most of the time. Meanwhile, 56.3% of the patients declared that medical team members never closed the curtains during physical examinations and medical procedures. The mean score of observation of privacy was less for single patients (51.23 ± 14) compared to married patients (58.88 ± 13) (P <0.05). Based on our findings, most patients were not aware of their rights and some measures of physical privacy were not observed. Therefore, authorities must pay more attention to systematic planning in order to ensure that patients’ privacy is respected in all areas of health and education.
Mrs Mina Hosseini,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in every economy. Although pharmaceutical sector has distinctive economic features, like every other sector of the economy, the production and distribution of pharmaceuticals must obey competition law rules.
The provisions regarding unilateral anticompetitive conduct such as discriminatory pricing, aggressive price setting, abusing a dominate position and hoarding and refusal to inter into transactions as well as collective anticompetitive conducts such as collusion are some important competition rules which are applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.
Although the existence of competition law and regulation is necessary for working in pharmaceutical industry but pharmaceutical ethics can prevent committing the anticompetitive conducts and plays an effective role as a deterrent factor. This Article while reviewing the application of competition law rules in pharmaceutical industry introduces the anticompetitive behaviors in this sector.We also focus on the competition council’s function in monitoring the pharmaceutical industry and the role of professional ethics in preventing theviolation of competition law in this sector.
Hassanali Moazenzadegan, Hamed Rahdarpour,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Since 1984, criminal law more than any other period has been specified under the framework of human rights and consequently limited based on its principal. It was followed by the emergence of a new approach called “quality of law principle”. In criminal law, which was presented by European Court of Human Rights for the first time then in the content of verdicts issued by this international judicial institute and reconsideration of criminal law legality principle, it has developed and become more consistent with social justice and manners. According to this principle, the qualitative law is a law which is consistent with quality elements of law based on human rights and moral principles. It is interesting to note that lack of each requirement voids the related law and according to Court’s case law, the existence of such law would not be different from lack of law. In present paper, through the investigation of physician liability and focus on article 495 of Islamic Penal Code as the key to legislation in this regard, and given the requirements of quality of law principle, it has been concluded that the above mentioned provision and all other articles related to this context are not consistent with elements of “the Quality of Law”, thus with failure to meet the minimum criteria of justice, social morality and human rights, the law fails to have the required quality and consequently, it is recommended to legislate based on the criteria of Quality of Law.
Mina Hosseini, Hanieh Akbari,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
Nowadays, social networks play a remarkable role in human societies. Instagram, as one of the most influential platforms, along with other functions, has become a place for the marketing and advertising of economic undertakings. Advertisements on Instagram are different from other forms of advertising. The market-driven nature of this network will create many legal challenges in the relationship between professions and consumers. Goods (such as medicines and herbal medicines) and health services (such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy) are related to the health of consumers. It is evident that any negligence on the part of the profession can cause serious harm to consumer’s physical and mental health. This article assesses the evolution of the relationship between the professional and the consumers. It discusses the ethics of Instagram marketing and health problem, along with reviewing the legal protection of consumer’s health in the -related goods and services using an analytical-descriptive method. The results of this paper show that violating consumer rights on Instagram can lead to four types of liability (criminal, legal, disciplinary, and ethical) for the offenders. In this way, the support of the legislator and the responsible authorities is essential for increasing the quality of this protection.
Fatemeh Kokabisaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
All children have a right to benefit from health facilities, goods and services and be protected from physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, and neglect or maltreatment. Some groups of children need special support to enjoy their rights. The aim of this paper is to review Iran’s laws and policies on the protection of children’s right to health. The method of this descriptive and analytical study was content analysis of international and national law and reports related to children’s right to health and the current situation of Iranian children. The data was collected from academic literature and official webpages of United Nations and Iranian government’s organizations. Realizing citizens’ right to health and protection, Iran’s laws respect the right of vulnerable groups of children to special support. Moreover, to protect Iranian children from health risks and maltreatment, there are several deterrent laws. Iranian laws on children often are consistent with international human rights laws. However, not all of them are adequately and completely implemented. To promote the health of children, weaknesses in the implementation of laws should be identified and removed.
Amin Hasanvand, Davod Mirzai,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
One of the most important issues in medical law is the issue of physician responsibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between belief in each of the physician's responsibilities towards the patient and responsibility. The research method is library and descriptive-correlation. An examination of various sources shows that there are four perspectives on the physician's responsibility to the patient. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the components of responsibility and physician responsibility perspectives, which are significant at the level of 0.01. Findings indicate that views 1 and 3 are more correlated with physicians' responsibility than other views. The degree of correlation between the dimensions of responsibility with the views that consider more responsibility for physicians is greater.
Rasool Esmalipour, Neda Mehrdad, Pooneh Salari,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Ethical challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations are among the most significant challenges for pharmacists in fulfilling their professional duties. Therefore, identifying these challenges and conducting an ethical audit is a novel and effective approach for amending related laws and regulations. The ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in providing pharmacy services were explored through conducting a qualitative content analysis study entitled "Exploring the Ethical Challenges in Providing Pharmacy Services". The identified challenges were classified into various categories, one of which was challenges related to pharmaceutical laws and regulations. The challenges were extracted from a book entitled "Laws and Regulations of Iran’s Pharmaceutical Affairs", analyzed, and divided into three categories, including outdated laws and regulations, lack of proper implementation, and insufficient control and supervision over implementation. These rules and regulations were reviewed and analyzed in comparison with the Code of Ethics for the National Pharmaceutical System and an ethical audit was conducted. Raising awareness among officials and policymakers in the health sector, especially regarding pharmaceutical affairs, and taking necessary measures to improve laws and regulations can ultimately enhance the quality of medical and pharmaceutical services, ensuring that patients receive high-quality pharmaceutical and medical care.
