Showing 9 results for Ansari
H Soori, A Ansarifar, F Mubasheri, A Mahmoudlou, Z Noorafkan, M Bakhtiari,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
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The relationship between
two things if one is another originator or creator, called causality. Although this
concept is not specified to Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, the importance
of this issue is more highlighted in the field of epidemiology. Causation is
the most basic concepts in empirical sciences and is still under discussion
because it is dependent on the basis of any scientific laws without acceptance
something cease causality is impossible. With the increasing development of
science as well as epidemiology, causality has found a broader concept and its
application in analytical studies and logical interpretation of the results of
this type of study, has a wider dimension. Due to developing new epidemiology
courses at medical universities and increase the number of students, it is felt
to talk more about the causality concept. In this review causality concepts in
the humanities is overviewed, its history is briefly described, the causality
of Medical Epidemiology and also Islamic religion is considered, then the
causality framework, and models to interpret the conventional causality will be
discussed.
M Hashemi Shahri, A Fallah Ghajary, A Ansari Moghaddam, F Khadem Sameni, F Fayyaz Jahani, E Ahmadnezhad,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
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Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important issue which its
control is still unsatisfactory at global level. Traditional diagnostic
techniques for active TB diagnosis are inadequate: the diagnostic gold standard
is the cultural exam which suffers from lengthy processing and requires highly
specialized laboratories. Nowadays more specific tests have been recommended.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of Quanti FERON-TB
(QFT)Gold In Tube-Test as a substitute for specific test tuberculin skin test
for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in high risk groups.
Methods: One hundred thirty four (134) individuals who worked in Bo-Ali hospital
(Zahedan) enrolled in this study. They had no active tuberculosis. TST and QFT
tests were performed. The cut-off point of TST was considered based on 15 (mm)
or more indurations as positive. The result of QFT was evaluated by
manufactured guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify
the putative risk factors of positive tests.
Results: Proportion of employees with latent TB were 111(82.8%) were positive by
either TST or QFT, and 76(56.7%) were positive by both tests. Agreement between
the tests was high (73.8%, k=0.39 95%CI:
0.21-0.44).
Positive family history of Tuberculosis was significant risk factor for both
positive tests.
Conclusion: This study showed high latent tuberculosis infection
prevalence in hospital workers and high agreement between TST and QFT. Decision
to select one of the tests will be depended on the population, purpose of study
and availability of resources. The results revealed that the QFT can be
appropriate alternative test for high risk group.
A Ansarifar, H Soori, Akbarzadeh Bagheban, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of survey instrument for Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS).
Methods: Content and Face validity of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS) questionnaire were examined with Backward-Forward method. This method consisted of four steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and Pilot study. For evaluation of reliability of questionnaire, 194 adults of 18 years or older from Karaj province were interviewed. For the examination of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The reliability of quantitative variables evaluated with intra class correlation (ICC) ordinal variables with weighted Kappa and nominal variables with Kappa and weighted Kappa were calculated as well.
Results: Average age of participants were 38.8 15. Majority of participants (66.5%) were in 18-44 years group, 26.8% in 45-64 years and others 65 years and older. In validity procedure, 26 questions were deleted, 3 questions added and 6 questions were modified. Questions of ‘having situations of HIV morbidity’ and ‘Do you currently use drug abuse’ were least reliability and deleted from questionnaire. Others were reliable. (It might be better to say how many questions remained finally)
Conclusion: Our results indicate that BRFSS Persian version questionnaire has acceptable reliability and criterion validity for surveillance system in Iran.
Z Hashemi , M Keikha, R Keikhaee, A Ansari Moghadam , M Salehi Marzijarani , A Nasiri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Vol 9, No 2, Summer 2013 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Relationship between jobs and different aspects of health, including quality of life has been considered by researchers however the employment aim has risen in Iranian women in Iran but there is little known about the quality of life in this group, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employment and quality of life of women in the city of Zabol.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during 2009-2010 in Zabol, Iran. The sample consisted of 420 women selected randomly from health care centers. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 and classified using k-means clustering method. The relationship between the independent variables with the quality of life was assessed by multinomial logistic regression.
Results: The mean age of participants was 30.46 ± 8.75 years. Quality of life indicated as low (35.4%), medium (33.7%) and high classes (30.9%), respectively. The results indicated that employed women were more likely than housewives to hadhigher quality of life. An increase age, significantly reduced respectively five and four percent of chance to had moderate and high level of quality of life.
Conclusion: More than half of women had medium and low quality of life. Increasing age was associated with decreased quality of life, but employment was an independent predictor for higher quality of life.
M Mehrolhassani, B Najafi, V Yazdi Feyzabadi , Aa Haghdoost, M Abolhallaje, M Ansari, R Dehnavieh, M Ramezanian, F Kouhi, M Jafari, Lashkari M,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure is one of the main indicators in health financing, indicating risk pooling and risk spreading. This study aimed to calculate the total health expenditure (THE), the THE per capita and share of OOP in each province from 2008 to 2014.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was done by collecting provincial health expenditure data from public and private organizations during 2008-2014. The data were approved by board of trustees or board of directors in each organization. The relevant data on household health expenditures were collected from the Statistical Centre of Iran, as well.
Results: Even though the absolute monetary value (IRR) of OOP in the study years showed an increase, it decreased from 51.9% in 2008 to 40.6% in 2014 in terms of share. The absolute monetary value (IRR) of THE and THE per capita increased about 3.5 times in all provinces. So, during the study years, Tehran and Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces had the highest and lowest absolute monetary values (IRR) in THE per capita and this difference increased from 2.12 million Rials in 2008 to 10.56 million Rials in 2014.
Conclusion: Although the share of OOP decreased in all provinces in the country during the study years, it is still far from the objective of the national development plans (30% OOP). In order to improve the study indices and reduce the provincial inequity, it is suggested to put more emphasis on prepaid-based mechanisms, insurance system improvement, and equitable distribution of financial resources should be compatible with the deprivation of the area and its infrastructures.
S Bokaie, F Ansari, Sm Peighambari, M Mahmoudi, Mh Fallah , F Tehrani, A Rajab, Sa Ghafouri , Smm Tabatabaei, M Shabani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol 12, No 2 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Salmonella contamination of broiler breeder farms is of great importance regarding transmission of the bacteria through the production chain of poultry meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and management related factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder flocks in Iran.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out between 2013 and 2014 in 23 provinces of Iran. Fecal samples were obtained from 139 broiler breeder farms and were subjected to standard bacteriological tests for Salmonella isolation. The serogroups of isolated Salmonella were determined using standard serological tests. Relevant information of sampled holdings was acquired from the GIS system and used for risk factor detection.
Results: The prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder holdings was 7.9% and the more positive samples were from Tehran and Fars provinces. The flock age (P = 0.019) and the number of poultry houses in the farm (P = 0.037) were major risk factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms.
Conclusion: This investigation showed that the prevalence of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms was relatively high. It is necessary to establish an appropriate program for controlling Salmonella contamination in broiler breeder farms. Regular sampling for early detection of contaminated farms would be very important in this case. Sampling from old flocks should be the first priority.
H Tekeh, H Ansari, , N Noori, K Tirgarfakheri, F Zare,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Vol.15, No.2 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect that accounts for 25% of all congenital anomalies. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors od congenital heart disease in southeast Iran.
Methods: In this case-control study, 353 cases were selected from children aged 0 to 59 months who suffered from congenital heart disease and were referred to the Children’s Heart Clinic of Zahedan. Moreover, 353 controls were selected from healthy children aged 0 to 59 months who presented to health centers in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex and place of residence. The data were collected using interviews with children’s mothers and analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression models.
Results: This study showed that the lack of folic acid consumption in pregnancy (OR =11.8), mot using multivitamins during pregnancy (OR = 4.1), history of CHD in first-degree relatives of parents (OR=3.4), history of abortion (OR =3.4), presence of telecommunication rig in the vicinity of the house (OR=3) and exposure to secondhand smoke (OR=2.9) significantly increased the chance of a CHD (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Effective planning, emphasis on the use of supplements during pregnancy, and improved awareness of the society, especially high risk women, can be helpful in decreasing CHD in this region. Providing education regarding preventive factors seems to be necessary for health and medical workers to control risk factors and reduce costs associated with CHD.
B Moatamedizadeh, H Ansari, A Payandeh, Sm Tabatabae, A Ramazanpouramirdehi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (Vol.16, No.1 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In addition to effective treatment, tuberculosis recurrence is a very important challenge regarding the treatment of this infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence.
Methods: In this nested case-control study, 202 tuberculosis patients with recurrence and 202 matched controls in terms of age, sex and place of residence were studied. The cases and controls were selected from a cohort of tuberculosis patients in Sistan and Baluchestan province between 2011 and 2018. The data were collected using interviews and patients’ records. The independent t-test, chi-square and multiple conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
Results: The drug abuse history (OR=6.1), 3+ smear positive (OR=3.03), chest X-ray suggestive of tuberculosis (OR=4.9), drug resistance (OR=7.3), low socioeconomic status (OR=3.9), weight loss (OR=3.1), chest pain (OR=3.2), history of digestive disease (OR=22.1), smoking (OR=6.1), and imprisonment (OR=3.7) significantly increased the chance of recurrence among tuberculosis patients (p<0.05). On the other hand, the chance of recurrence was significantly lower in patients with coughs (OR=0.29) and a small family size (OR=0.28).
Conclusion: According to the results, tobacco use, drug use, low socio-economic status, life conditions, and disease conditions are the most important determinants of tuberculosis recurrence. In general, epidemiologic factors related to tuberculosis recurrence are not similar in different regions; therefore, educational programs for patients and their families and prevention methods should be considered based on related factors in different regions.
Ali Jafari-Khounigh, Morteza Haghighi, Alireza Razzaghi, Shahram Habibzadeh, Seyed Taghi Heydari, Rasoul Entezarmahdi, Dr. Alireza Ansari Moghaddam, Hamid Sharifi, Mostafa Farahbakhsh, Mahdi Rezaei, Mina Golestani, Ehsan Sarbazi, Naser Nasiri, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (Vol.19, No.3, Autumn 2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Masks play a crucial role in preventing and controlling viral epidemics transmitted predominantly through the air. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure people’s attitudes and behaviors related to mask usage during highly contagious viral epidemics.
Methods: In this psychometric study, the initial questionnaire was developed and face validity and content validity were assessed by 17 experts and three lay experts. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was measured using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the principal component extraction method and Varimax rotation.
Results: Based on a review of previous studies, an initial 27-item questionnaire was crafted. During the face validity stage, two items were excluded. Through calculating the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), three and one items respectively removed. The average scale level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.95. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.76 for attitude and 0.66 for practice sections; the ICC was equal to 0.873. EFA revealed two factors explaining 63.98% of the total variance.
Conclusion: This questionnaire demonstrated sound reliability and validity in Persian, providing an effective means to assess attitude and behavior related to mask usage during highly contagious viral epidemics. It stands as a valuable tool for use in Iran and other countries.
