H Soori, A Ansarifar, F Mubasheri, A Mahmoudlou, Z Noorafkan, M Bakhtiari,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (16 2012)
Abstract
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The relationship between
two things if one is another originator or creator, called causality. Although this
concept is not specified to Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, the importance
of this issue is more highlighted in the field of epidemiology. Causation is
the most basic concepts in empirical sciences and is still under discussion
because it is dependent on the basis of any scientific laws without acceptance
something cease causality is impossible. With the increasing development of
science as well as epidemiology, causality has found a broader concept and its
application in analytical studies and logical interpretation of the results of
this type of study, has a wider dimension. Due to developing new epidemiology
courses at medical universities and increase the number of students, it is felt
to talk more about the causality concept. In this review causality concepts in
the humanities is overviewed, its history is briefly described, the causality
of Medical Epidemiology and also Islamic religion is considered, then the
causality framework, and models to interpret the conventional causality will be
discussed.
A Ansarifar, H Soori, Akbarzadeh Bagheban, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of survey instrument for Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS).
Methods: Content and Face validity of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFS) questionnaire were examined with Backward-Forward method. This method consisted of four steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and Pilot study. For evaluation of reliability of questionnaire, 194 adults of 18 years or older from Karaj province were interviewed. For the examination of reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The reliability of quantitative variables evaluated with intra class correlation (ICC) ordinal variables with weighted Kappa and nominal variables with Kappa and weighted Kappa were calculated as well.
Results: Average age of participants were 38.8 15. Majority of participants (66.5%) were in 18-44 years group, 26.8% in 45-64 years and others 65 years and older. In validity procedure, 26 questions were deleted, 3 questions added and 6 questions were modified. Questions of ‘having situations of HIV morbidity’ and ‘Do you currently use drug abuse’ were least reliability and deleted from questionnaire. Others were reliable. (It might be better to say how many questions remained finally)
Conclusion: Our results indicate that BRFSS Persian version questionnaire has acceptable reliability and criterion validity for surveillance system in Iran.
